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Install Trac under Ubuntu

trac 簡介

trac 是一個(gè)用 Python 編寫的相當(dāng)好的 Issue trace 工具。提供了如下的功能：

  • 增強(qiáng)的 Wiki
  • Issue Trace
  • Bugs 報(bào)告
  • 項(xiàng)目任務(wù)
  • 性能要求
  • Timeline 功能
  • Subversion 倉庫瀏覽
  • 更改源碼

trac 的配置方式

  • 與 Web 服務(wù)器配合，使用 CGI 或 FastCGI 或 mod_python 配置
  • tracd：獨(dú)立服務(wù)器
  • 本教程只介紹 mod_python 的 trac 服務(wù)器配置
  • 首先按照 subversion 節(jié)配置 Subversion 服務(wù)器

配置

安裝 trac

sudo apt-get install trac python-docutils libapache2-mod-python python2.4-clearsilver sqlite3 python2.4-pysqlite2

創(chuàng)建 trac 的項(xiàng)目環(huán)境

S1. 創(chuàng)建環(huán)境

sudo mkdir /home/trac
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject initenv
Creating a new Trac environment at /home/trac/myproject

Trac will first ask a few questions about your environment
in order to initalize and prepare the project database.

 Please enter the name of your project.
 This name will be used in page titles and descriptions.

Project Name [My Project]> myproject    # 輸入項(xiàng)目名稱

 Please specify the connection string for the database to use.
 By default, a local SQLite database is created in the environment
 directory. It is also possible to use an already existing
 PostgreSQL database (check the Trac documentation for the exact
 connection string syntax).

Database connection string [sqlite:db/trac.db]>  # 使用默認(rèn)的 SQLite 數(shù)據(jù)庫，直接回車即可

 Please specify the absolute path to the project Subversion repository.
 Repository must be local, and trac-admin requires read+write
 permission to initialize the Trac database.

Path to repository [/var/svn/test]> /home/svn/repository1  # 輸入 Subversion 倉庫的路徑

 Please enter location of Trac page templates.
 Default is the location of the site-wide templates installed with Trac.

Templates directory [/usr/share/trac/templates]>  # 使用默認(rèn)的 Trac page templates，直接回車即可

Creating and Initializing Project
 Configuring Project
  trac.repository_dir
  trac.database
  trac.templates_dir
  project.name
 Installing default wiki pages
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracReports => TracReports
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracModPython => TracModPython
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracNotification => TracNotification
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/RecentChanges => RecentChanges
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracRoadmap => TracRoadmap
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiDeletePage => WikiDeletePage
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracChangeset => TracChangeset
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracEnvironment => TracEnvironment
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracFastCgi => TracFastCgi
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiMacros => WikiMacros
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracLogging => TracLogging
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracAccessibility => TracAccessibility
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracTicketsCustomFields => TracTicketsCustomFields
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiHtml => WikiHtml
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiStart => WikiStart
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiPageNames => WikiPageNames
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiRestructuredText => WikiRestructuredText
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/CamelCase => CamelCase
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracTickets => TracTickets
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracSupport => TracSupport
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracStandalone => TracStandalone
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracInterfaceCustomization => TracInterfaceCustomization
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracAdmin => TracAdmin
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/SandBox => SandBox
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracGuide => TracGuide
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracLinks => TracLinks
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracQuery => TracQuery
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracUnicode => TracUnicode
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracUpgrade => TracUpgrade
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiNewPage => WikiNewPage
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TitleIndex => TitleIndex
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracWiki => TracWiki
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracBackup => TracBackup
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracPermissions => TracPermissions
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracImport => TracImport
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracInstall => TracInstall
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracPlugins => TracPlugins
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracSyntaxColoring => TracSyntaxColoring
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracTimeline => TracTimeline
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiRestructuredTextLinks => WikiRestructuredTextLinks
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracBrowser => TracBrowser
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracCgi => TracCgi
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracIni => TracIni
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracRss => TracRss
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiFormatting => WikiFormatting
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/TracSearch => TracSearch
 /usr/share/trac/wiki-default/WikiProcessors => WikiProcessors
 Indexing repository

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Project environment for ‘myproject‘ created.

You may now configure the environment by editing the file:

  /home/trac/myproject/conf/trac.ini

If you‘d like to take this new project environment for a test drive,
try running the Trac standalone web server `tracd`:

  tracd --port 8000 /home/trac/myproject

Then point your browser to http://localhost:8000/myproject.
There you can also browse the documentation for your installed
version of Trac, including information on further setup (such as
deploying Trac to a real web server).

The latest documentation can also always be found on the project
website:

  http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/

Congratulations!

請用您的項(xiàng)目名替換上面的 “myproject” 。

S2. 修改 trac 環(huán)境配置文件

當(dāng) trac 的環(huán)境創(chuàng)建以后，trac 環(huán)境的配置文件為存放在項(xiàng)目目錄 /home/trac/myproject 下的 conf/trac.ini。

可以顯示該文件查看默認(rèn)的參數(shù)值，并做適當(dāng)修改。

/home/trac/myproject/conf/trac.ini

[wiki]
ignore_missing_pages = false

[header_logo]
src = common/trac_banner.png
alt = Trac
height = 73
link = http://trac.edgewall.com/
width = 236

[logging]
log_file = trac.log
log_level = DEBUG
log_type = file                  # 建議改為 file ，生成 trac.log 的日志文件     

[trac]
default_charset = utf-8          # 建議將默認(rèn)字符集改為 utf-8
ignore_auth_case = false
permission_store = DefaultPermissionStore
check_auth_ip = true
database = sqlite:db/trac.db
templates_dir = /usr/share/trac/templates
default_handler = WikiModule
metanav = login,logout,settings,help,about
mainnav = wiki,timeline,roadmap,browser,tickets,newticket,search
repository_dir = /home/svn/repository1

[notification]
always_notify_owner = false
smtp_always_cc =
smtp_password =
smtp_enabled = false
smtp_replyto = trac@localhost
smtp_port = 25
always_notify_reporter = false
smtp_server = localhost
smtp_from = trac@localhost
smtp_user =

[project]
url = http://example.com/
footer =  Visit the Trac open source project at<br /><a >http://trac.edgewall.com/</a>
name = myproject
descr = My example project
icon = common/trac.ico

[mimeviewer]
php_path = php
enscript_path = enscript
tab_width = 8
max_preview_size = 262144

[attachment]
render_unsafe_content = false
max_size = 262144

[timeline]
changeset_show_files = 0
ticket_show_details = false
default_daysback = 30

[ticket]
default_version =
default_component = component1
default_type = defect
restrict_owner = false
default_milestone =
default_priority = major

[browser]
hide_properties = svk:merge

參考

S3. 測試

可以運(yùn)行獨(dú)立的 tracd 進(jìn)行測試
tracd --port 8000 /home/trac/myproject

在瀏覽器的 URL 里輸入 http://localhost:8000 對 trac 服務(wù)器進(jìn)行測試。

Standalone 方式只能由本機(jī)訪問。測試完畢請殺掉 tracd 進(jìn)程。

配置 Apache

S1. 修改 trac 環(huán)境的權(quán)限以便與 Apache 結(jié)合

sudo find /home/trac/myproject -type f -exec chmod 0664 {} \;
sudo find /home/trac/myproject -type d -exec chmod 2775 {} \;
sudo chown -R root.www-data /home/trac/myproject
  1. trac 環(huán)境的屬主是 root ，配置了讀寫權(quán)限
  2. trac 環(huán)境的組是 www-data ，配置了讀寫權(quán)限并設(shè)置了 sgid
  3. Apache 默認(rèn)以 用戶 www-data；組 www-data 運(yùn)行

S2. 創(chuàng)建 /etc/apache2/conf.d/trac，添加如下的配置行

/etc/apache2/conf.d/trac

    <Location /trac>
        SetHandler mod_python
        PythonHandler trac.web.modpython_frontend
        PythonOption TracEnv /home/trac/myproject
        PythonOption TracUriRoot "/trac"
    </Location>
    <Location "/trac/login">
        AuthType Basic
        AuthName "Trac"
        AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd
        Require valid-user
    </Location>
<=====
The login URL is per project, so that should be:
<LocationMatch "/[^/]+/login">
 #...
</LocationMatch>
Or if you‘ll be following the separate paths as mentioned above:
<LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login">
=====>

在本配置中，身份驗(yàn)證使用了與 Subversion 相同的認(rèn)證文件。

S3: 重新啟動(dòng) Apache

sudo a2enmod mod_python
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

S4: 測試

  1. 所有用戶可以瀏覽 trac ：打開瀏覽器訪問 http://localhost/trac
  2. 測試 user1 — user4 的可登錄性

參考

配置 trac 的權(quán)限管理

trac 與 Apache 結(jié)合運(yùn)行時(shí)，trac 的用戶身份認(rèn)證使用 Apache 的用戶認(rèn)證，即通過 htpasswd 命令設(shè)置的，根據(jù)上面的 Apache 配置，用戶名和密碼存放在 /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd 文件中。

但是，當(dāng)用戶通過用戶認(rèn)證之后，他都可以進(jìn)行哪些操作是由 trac 所提供的 trac-admin 命令來設(shè)置的，使用這個(gè)命令可以為用戶或組分配權(quán)限。

使用如下命令可以列出已設(shè)置的許可權(quán)限和當(dāng)前有效的許可權(quán)限。

sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject  permission list
 
User       Action
--------------------------
anonymous  BROWSER_VIEW
anonymous  CHANGESET_VIEW
anonymous  FILE_VIEW
anonymous  LOG_VIEW
anonymous  MILESTONE_VIEW
anonymous  REPORT_SQL_VIEW
anonymous  REPORT_VIEW
anonymous  ROADMAP_VIEW
anonymous  SEARCH_VIEW
anonymous  TICKET_CREATE
anonymous  TICKET_MODIFY
anonymous  TICKET_VIEW
anonymous  TIMELINE_VIEW
anonymous  WIKI_CREATE
anonymous  WIKI_MODIFY
anonymous  WIKI_VIEW
 
 
Available actions:
 BROWSER_VIEW, CHANGESET_VIEW, CONFIG_VIEW, FILE_VIEW, LOG_VIEW,
 MILESTONE_ADMIN, MILESTONE_CREATE, MILESTONE_DELETE, MILESTONE_MODIFY,
 MILESTONE_VIEW, REPORT_ADMIN, REPORT_CREATE, REPORT_DELETE, REPORT_MODIFY,
 REPORT_SQL_VIEW, REPORT_VIEW, ROADMAP_ADMIN, ROADMAP_VIEW, SEARCH_VIEW,
 TICKET_ADMIN, TICKET_APPEND, TICKET_CHGPROP, TICKET_CREATE, TICKET_MODIFY,
 TICKET_VIEW, TIMELINE_VIEW, TRAC_ADMIN, WIKI_ADMIN, WIKI_CREATE,
 WIKI_DELETE, WIKI_MODIFY, WIKI_VIEW

上面第一部分列出的是默認(rèn)的權(quán)限設(shè)置。即只對匿名用戶（非登錄用戶）的權(quán)限進(jìn)行了設(shè)置。

Available actions 部分顯示了有效許可權(quán)限的列表。其中 TRAC_ADMIN 權(quán)限相當(dāng)于 Linux 中的 root 用戶，擁有最高的權(quán)限。

參考

下面給出一個(gè) trac 權(quán)限設(shè)置的例子：

S1. 添加一個(gè) admin 組并賦予 TRAC_ADMIN 權(quán)限，然后將 user1 和 user2 添加到 admin 組

sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add admin TRAC_ADMIN
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add user1 admin
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add user2 admin

S2. 添加一個(gè) developer 組并賦予 WIKI_ADMIN、REPORT_ADMIN、TICKET_MODIFY 權(quán)限，然后將 user3 和 user4 添加到 developer 組

sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add developer WIKI_ADMIN
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add developer REPORT_ADMIN
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add developer TICKET_MODIFY
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add user3 developer
sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission add user4 developer

S3. 刪除默認(rèn)賦予 anonymous 用戶的 WIKI_CREATE 權(quán)限

sudo trac-admin /home/trac/myproject permission remove anonymous WIKI_CREATE

S4: 測試

  1. 打開瀏覽器訪問 http://192.168.0.222/trac
  2. 測試 anonymous 的權(quán)限 （不能創(chuàng)建新的 Wiki 頁）
  3. 以 user1 或 user2 登錄
  4. 測試 user1 或 user2 的權(quán)限 （具有一切權(quán)限）
  5. 以 user3 或 user4 登錄
  6. 測試 user3 或 user4 的權(quán)限
trac 有兩個(gè)默認(rèn)的用戶，一個(gè)是 anonymous，表示匿名用戶；另一個(gè)是 authenticated，表示所有已通過身份認(rèn)證的用戶?？梢园言S可權(quán)限賦予這兩個(gè)用戶，從而簡化許可權(quán)限配置。
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