魚(yú)鱗堅(jiān)硬無(wú)比的秘密
在亞馬遜的深處，生活著世界上最大的淡水魚(yú)：傳說(shuō)中的巨骨舌魚(yú)（Arapaima）。這種魚(yú)的重量可達(dá)上百千克，是極限垂釣者，比如電視節(jié)目《河中巨怪》（River Monsters）的杰里米·韋德（Jeremy Wade）最夢(mèng)寐以求的獵物。
[《河中巨怪》片段] 經(jīng)過(guò)一場(chǎng)激烈的纏斗之后，他抓住了一條，需要兩個(gè)壯漢才能將它舉起！[片段：這里，看那條魚(yú)！看看那條巨大的雌性巨骨舌魚(yú)，有150來(lái)磅！]
這條巨型魚(yú)還擁有另一個(gè)高級(jí)品質(zhì)：“它周身遍布讓人印象非常深刻的'鎧甲’，既可以防止任何掠食者的牙齒咬穿身體，同時(shí)還不妨礙魚(yú)在水中靈活敏捷地游動(dòng)?！泵绹?guó)加州大學(xué)伯克利分校（U.C. Berkeley）的材料科學(xué)家羅伯特·里奇（Robert Ritchie）說(shuō)道。他所說(shuō)的掠食者指的是食人魚(yú)。但根據(jù)里奇團(tuán)隊(duì)的說(shuō)法，巨骨舌魚(yú)用自己的鱗片打敗了食人魚(yú)，這是最堅(jiān)硬又靈活的生物材料之一。
里奇團(tuán)隊(duì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)這些鱗片進(jìn)行了壓力測(cè)試和電子顯微鏡研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)……[查看全文]
Piranha-Proof Fish Gives Inspiration for Body Armor
Deep in the Amazon lives one of the world's largest freshwater fish: the legendary Arapaima. It tips the scales at hundreds of pounds, making it a coveted catch for extreme anglers, like Jeremy Wade from the show River Monsters.
[CLIP: River Monsters audio]
After a dramatically scored struggle, he catches one. It takes two guys to hold it up!
[CLIP: “There it is. Look at that for a fish! Look at that massive female Arapaima; about 150 pounds.”]
Speaking of scales, this giant fish has another superlative quality: “It has these very impressive armored scales on its body, which prevent penetration by predators teeth yet still makes the fish quite flexible and nimble in the water.”
Robert Ritchie, a materials scientist at U.C. Berkeley. The predators he’s talking about are piranhas. But the mighty Arapaima has them beat with its scales—one of the “toughest flexible biological materials,” according to Ritchie’s team.
After subjecting the scales to stress tests and electron microscopy in the lab, they figured out...[full transcript]
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Yang, W., Quan, H., Meyers, M. and Ritchie, R., 2019. Arapaima Fish Scale: One of the Toughest Flexible Biological Materials. Matter, 1(6), pp.1557-1566.
封面圖來(lái)源：Unsplash
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