本篇博文主要介紹Python連接各種數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法及簡單使用
包括關系數(shù)據(jù)庫：sqlite,mysql,mssql
非關系數(shù)據(jù)庫：MongoDB,Redis
代碼寫的比較清楚，直接上代碼
# coding=utf-8# http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-python.htmlimport sqlite3import tracebacktry: # 如果表不存在,就創(chuàng)建 with sqlite3.connect('test.db') as conn: print("Opened database successfully") # 刪除表 conn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY") # 創(chuàng)建表 sql = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); """ conn.execute(sql) print("create table successfully") # 添加數(shù)據(jù) conn.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ? )", [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00), ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00), ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00), ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00), ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00), ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00), ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)]) # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ( 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )") # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )") # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )") # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ( 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )") # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ( 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00 )"); # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ( 'Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00 )") # # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) # VALUES ( 'James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00 )") # 提交,否則重新運行程序時,表中無數(shù)據(jù) conn.commit() print("insert successfully") # 查詢表 sql = """ select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY """ result = conn.execute(sql) for row in result: print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3])) print("%-10s %.2f" % ("salary", row[4])) # or # print('{:10s} {:.2f}'.format("salary", row[4]))except sqlite3.Error as e: print("sqlite3 Error:", e) traceback.print_exc()#! /usr/bin/env python2.7# coding=utf-8# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# mysqldb 只支持python2.7# http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/import MySQLdbfrom contextlib import closingimport tracebacktry: # 獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接 with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn: print("connect database successfully") with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur: # 刪除表 cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY") # 創(chuàng)建表 sql = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); """ cur.execute(sql) print("create table successfully") # 添加數(shù)據(jù) # 在一個conn.execute里面里面執(zhí)行多個sql語句是非法的 cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )", [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00), ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00), ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00), ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00), ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00), ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00), ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)]) # 提交,否則重新運行程序時,表中無數(shù)據(jù) conn.commit() print("insert successfully") # 查詢表 sql = """ select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY """ cur.execute(sql) for row in cur.fetchall(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))except MySQLdb.Error as e: print("Mysql Error:", e) traceback.print_exc() # 打印錯誤棧信息#! /usr/bin/env python2.7# coding=utf-8# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# mysqldb 只支持python2.7# http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/import MySQLdbfrom contextlib import closingimport tracebacktry: # 獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接 with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn: print("connect database successfully") with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur: # 刪除表 cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY") # 創(chuàng)建表 sql = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); """ cur.execute(sql) print("create table successfully") # 添加數(shù)據(jù) # 在一個conn.execute里面里面執(zhí)行多個sql語句是非法的 cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )", [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00), ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00), ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00), ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00), ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00), ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00), ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)]) # 提交,否則重新運行程序時,表中無數(shù)據(jù) conn.commit() print("insert successfully") # 查詢表 sql = """ select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY """ cur.execute(sql) for row in cur.fetchall(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))except MySQLdb.Error as e: print("Mysql Error:", e) traceback.print_exc() # 打印錯誤棧信息2.1和2.2節(jié)使用MySQLdb，不支持Python3.x
pymysql對Python2.x和Python3.x的支持都比較好
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# coding=utf-8# https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/import pymysqlfrom contextlib import closingimport tracebacktry: # 獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接,with關鍵字 表示退出時,conn自動關閉 # with 嵌套上一層的with 要使用closing() with closing(pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')) as conn: print("connect database successfully") # 獲取游標,with關鍵字 表示退出時,cur自動關閉 with conn.cursor() as cur: # 刪除表 cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY") # 創(chuàng)建表 sql = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); """ cur.execute(sql) print("create table successfully") # 添加數(shù)據(jù) # 在一個conn.execute里面里面執(zhí)行多個sql語句是非法的 cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )", [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00), ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00), ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00), ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00), ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00), ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00), ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)]) # 提交,否則重新運行程序時,表中無數(shù)據(jù) conn.commit() print("insert successfully") # 查詢表 sql = """ select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY """ cur.execute(sql) for row in cur.fetchall(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))except pymysql.Error as e: print("Mysql Error:", e) traceback.print_exc()# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# http://www.pymssql.org/en/latest/import pymssqlfrom contextlib import closingtry: # 先要保證數(shù)據(jù)庫中有test數(shù)據(jù)庫 # 獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接,with關鍵字 表示退出時,conn自動關閉 # with 嵌套上一層的with 要使用closing() with closing(pymssql.connect(host='192.168.100.114', user='sa', password='sa12345', database='test', port=1433, charset='utf8')) as conn: print("connect database successfully") # 獲取游標,with關鍵字 表示退出時,cur自動關閉 with conn.cursor() as cur: # 刪除表 cur.execute( '''if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where name='COMPANY' and type='U') drop table COMPANY''') # 創(chuàng)建表 sql = """ CREATE TABLE COMPANY (ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL , NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); """ cur.execute(sql) print("create table successfully") # 添加數(shù)據(jù) # 在一個conn.execute里面里面執(zhí)行多個sql語句是非法的 cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )", [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00), ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00), ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00), ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond', 65000.00), ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00), ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00), ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)]) # 提交,否則重新運行程序時,表中無數(shù)據(jù) conn.commit() print("insert successfully") # 查詢表 sql = """ select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY """ cur.execute(sql) for row in cur.fetchall(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))except pymssql.Error as e: print("mssql Error:", e) # traceback.print_exc()
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# https://docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/python/# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pymongo/import pymongofrom pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClientimport pymongo.errorsimport tracebacktry: # 連接到 mongodb 服務 mongoClient = MongoClient('localhost', 27017) # 連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫 mongoDatabase = mongoClient.test print("connect database successfully") # 獲取集合 mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.COMPANY # 移除所有數(shù)據(jù) mongoCollection.remove() # 添加數(shù)據(jù) mongoCollection.insert_many([{"Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}, {"Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}, {"Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"}, {"Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"}, {"Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"}, {"Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"}, {"Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ]) #獲取集合中的值 for row in mongoCollection.find(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['_id'])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary'])) print('\n\n\n') # 使id自增 mongoCollection.remove() # 創(chuàng)建計數(shù)表 mongoDatabase.counters.save({"_id": "people_id", "sequence_value": 0}) # 創(chuàng)建存儲過程 mongoDatabase.system_js.getSequenceValue = '''function getSequenceValue(sequenceName){ var sequenceDocument = db.counters.findAndModify({ query: {_id: sequenceName}, update: {$inc:{sequence_value: 1}}, new:true }); return sequenceDocument.sequence_value; }''' mongoCollection.insert_many( [{"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"}, {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ]) for row in mongoCollection.find(): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", int(row['_id']))) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e: print("mongo Error:", e) traceback.print_exc()# coding=utf-8# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/31# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/redis/2.10.5# http://redis-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#import redisr = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password="12345")print("connect", r.ping())# 看信息info = r.info()# or 查看部分信息# info = r.info("Server")# 輸出信息items = info.items()for i, (key, value) in enumerate(items): print("item %s----%s:%s" % (i, key, value))# 刪除鍵和對應的值r.delete("company")# 可以一次性push一條或多條數(shù)據(jù)r.rpush("company", {"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}, {"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}, {"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"})r.rpush("company", {"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"})r.rpush("company", {"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"})r.rpush("company", {"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"})r.rpush("company", {"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"})# eval用來將dict格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成dictfor row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id'])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))# 關閉當前連接# r.shutdown() #這個是關閉redis服務端# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30# http://pyredis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/import pyredisr = pyredis.Client(host='localhost', port=6379, database=0, password="12345")print("connect", r.ping().decode("utf-8"))# 看信息# info = r.execute("info").decode()# or 查看部分信息info = r.execute("info", "Server").decode()# 輸出信息print(info)# 刪除鍵和對應的值r.delete("company")# 可以一次性push一條或多條數(shù)據(jù)r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}''', '''{"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}''', '''{"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"}''')r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"}''')r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"}''')r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"}''')r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}''')# eval用來將dict格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成dictfor row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))): print("-" * 50) # 輸出50個-,作為分界線 print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id'])) # 字段名固定10位寬度,并且左對齊 print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address'])) print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))# 關閉當前連接r.close()歡迎交流溝通~
