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高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)詳解

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)詳解

 

一.考試題型

短文改錯(cuò)(10小題;每小題1.5,滿(mǎn)分15)

假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)﹨劃掉。

修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)  ,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 

注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

         

二.考點(diǎn)分布:   1. 語(yǔ)法上,主要考查:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法等。名詞、代詞的數(shù)、格。形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí),最高級(jí)。主謂一致及特殊句型(虛擬、強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略、獨(dú)立主格等)。數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用等。2. 行文邏輯上,主要涉及:人物的性別及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞、句義的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間的順序、數(shù)量的增減以及因果關(guān)系等。

三.考點(diǎn)突破:

(一)多詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)    多詞錯(cuò)誤主要涉及英語(yǔ)中一些小詞,如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號(hào)、人稱(chēng)代詞、動(dòng)詞 be、比較級(jí)more等。具體說(shuō)來(lái),多詞錯(cuò)誤可能涉及的問(wèn)題有:及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)誤加介詞,在該用動(dòng)詞原形的地方誤加不定式符號(hào)to,在物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等表示泛指時(shí)誤加定冠詞,在一些可直接用作狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)前誤加介詞in, on, for 等,誤加一些導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)義重復(fù)的小詞(two both連用,all whole 連用等),在本身已是比較級(jí)的詞前誤加more,在不是從句的地方誤加從句引導(dǎo)詞,在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定表達(dá)中誤加不該用的小詞(如冠詞、介詞、副詞等)。           1. 多一介詞或副詞                           有些動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是不及物動(dòng)詞,在英語(yǔ)中是及物動(dòng)詞,可能多一個(gè)介詞。如:serve for the people, follow after him, marry with her                有些動(dòng)詞可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,但搭配不同,可能混淆而多一個(gè)介詞。如:join in the game, join in the club; pay for a TV set, pay for three dollars; search for the map, search for the thief for his watch                            有些動(dòng)詞 + 介詞形式的動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)時(shí),后面的介詞是多余的。如:He looked at but could see nothing.                                  有些動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞后接名詞或代詞時(shí)須加一個(gè)介詞,但接that從句時(shí),必須去掉介詞。如:agree to it, agree to that...; be sure of it, be sure of that…; be sorry for it, be sorry for that…                       有些副詞或介詞詞組后加一個(gè)介詞,組成了復(fù)合介詞,若后面沒(méi)有接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),最后的介詞則多余。如:If you won’t go, I’ll go instead of.               有些連詞后加 of 成為復(fù)合介詞,如果后接從句,of 是多余的。如:Because of he was ill…          地點(diǎn)副詞的意義中已經(jīng)包含了介詞 to,如果再用 to則是多余的。如:on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home                  last year, next month, this week, one day等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),前面用介詞多余。          有些動(dòng)詞受漢語(yǔ)意思影響而多一副詞,如:stop down(停下來(lái)), raise up (舉起來(lái)), return back(歸來(lái),回來(lái)), repeat again (復(fù)述), set down(落下)                      有些動(dòng)詞在一種用法中要加副詞,而在另一種用法中加副詞則是多余的。如:build up our country, build up railways                           2. 多一連詞                                狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間多一并列連詞,如:though/although… but; because/since/now that … so; the more … and the more                        充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。如:Sitting down and he began to work.              從屬連詞后多一 that。如:because that…, since that…, unless that…                          復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)前多一 that。如: I found that her lying on the ground.                               3. 多一代詞                               主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間多一關(guān)系代詞。如:Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.                            作定語(yǔ)的分詞前多一關(guān)系代詞。如: The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.          定語(yǔ)從句中多一名詞或代詞。如:I have seen the girl you are talking of her.                                用不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),如果其邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是被修飾的名詞(詞組),后面再用代詞是多余的。如:The tea is too hot to drink it.                 He is a good partner to work with him.                              形容詞 + 不定式句型中,如果不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ),再用代詞作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)則是多余的。如:This question is too difficult to answer it.   The house is nice to live in it.                                    從屬連詞+主語(yǔ)+ be +分詞 / 名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞詞組結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí),如果從句中沒(méi)有be,則從句主語(yǔ)是多余的。                          如:He took notes while he reading.                           You’d better keep silent unless you asked.                  I shall pay a visit to him tomorrow if it necessary.   4. 多一助動(dòng)詞                              時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),用 will, would 是多余的。如:If he will try his best to do the work, he will make it.                                make sure + that 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),用 will是多余的。                          如:I make sure that they will come early.              在名詞性從句中主語(yǔ)前的助動(dòng)詞是多余的。   如:Would you tell me what do you want?          I have no idea how often do they go home.        獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be(助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞)是多余的。如:The game was over, he went home.         The weather is fine, we will go camping tomorrow.  5. 多一冠詞                               與介詞 at, in, to連用的名詞 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, office, bed 等表示與其有關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí),用冠詞是多余的。如:go to the school(上學(xué)), be in the prison(坐牢), go to the bed(睡覺(jué)), be at the table(吃飯), in the office(辦公)                             byon 連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)和 air, land, sea, water等名詞前用冠詞是多余的。 如:by the bike, by the sea, by the train, on the foot, on the horse                                     表示球棋類(lèi)活動(dòng)而不是表示樂(lè)器, 工具的名詞前不用冠詞。如:play the volleyball, play the chess, play the pingpong, play the bowling, play the baseball                           專(zhuān)有名詞 + 普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前不用定冠詞。如:the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park, the Tian’anmen Square                          在一些固定搭配中。如:at the last, the most of us, in the fact, catch the sight of, lose the heart                                   most 非常解時(shí),前面用 the 是多余的。如:Mary is my classmate and she is the most kind.                    含有Day的節(jié)日前加the是多余的。如:the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day, the Fathers’ Day, the Children’s Day                           名詞 + as / though…”結(jié)構(gòu)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,名詞前不用冠詞。如:According to me, a child as she is, she is better at cooking than his parents.                                            6. 多一小品詞 to                               had better, would rather, rather than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:You had better not to go.  I would rather to stay at home.                     feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后,不定式作賓補(bǔ)to 是多余的。如:He made me to do heavy work.                                   () 缺詞考點(diǎn)                               1. 缺一介詞                               有些動(dòng)詞后有時(shí)有介詞,有時(shí)沒(méi)有介詞,可能混淆而缺一介詞。如:attend a meeting, attend the patient; prepare breakfast, prepare the coming exam; join us, join a game.                           表語(yǔ)形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義,很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如:be afraid nothing, be present the meeting, be sure it。               except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ),可能會(huì)漏掉第 個(gè)介詞。如:He came on foot instead of bike.                                 A big bear ran out from a tree.                 hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。類(lèi)似的還有millions , dozens , scores          2. 缺一連詞                               漢語(yǔ)常用意合法,分句與分句之間往往不用連詞,但英語(yǔ)里不行。如:It began to rain, they had to stop the match.                           He looked for the key in the bedroom, didn’t find it.                 受漢語(yǔ)影響,并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如:She smiled said good-bye to her father.                                    名詞性從句 that分句置于句首或作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如:In fact, the earth is round is known to us all.                            We heard the news our team had won.                    even, as 后可能缺少 if though。如:He walks in a funny way as he were drunk.                           3. 缺一代詞                                充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如:The accident happened yesterday was very serious.                                   英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)替代前面的“the + 名詞 that those,往往漏掉。如:The population of China is much larger than of Japan.                                      These shirts are expensive, but which we saw the other day were much more expensive.                   4. 缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞 be                     表語(yǔ)可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞 be,因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)在這種情況下有時(shí)不用。如:He afraid of his father.                                       被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中缺少助動(dòng)詞 be,成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:He has asked to tell the story in English.           完成體中缺少助動(dòng)詞 have/had,成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:He realized that he lost his mobile phone.          They lived in the apartment since 1980.                         在倒裝句中缺少助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:Hardly I reached the bus stop when the bus started. Seldom I go out at night alone.             Only in this way you learn English well.            5. 缺一冠詞                                  such so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí),不可缺 a (an)。如:He is such honest boy that all of us like him.                               This is so good book that I read it again.            表示有些時(shí),little, few前不可缺少a。如:Don’t hurry. There is little time left.                many 前有 great, good 時(shí),要加 a。如:a great many people. many 后接單數(shù)名詞,中間須有 a (an)。如:Many man has tried it before.                                一些不可數(shù)名詞前,有形容詞修飾表示一種(場(chǎng),起,份)時(shí),要加 a (an)。如: There was heavy rain last night.                                   用專(zhuān)有名詞表示一個(gè)像()……的人時(shí),用 a (an), 如:He wished to be Lei Feng.                Mr. Wang called you just now.                      形容詞比較級(jí) + of the two…”前必須用 the。如:He is better one of the two.                     6. 缺小品詞 to                              不定式充當(dāng)各種成分,一般都不能缺少 to。如:She went there see her mother.               He asked me not go there.                    I have something important tell you.               make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的 to還原。如:She was made do heavy work.                                 The blind man was seen cross the street.

(三)錯(cuò)詞考點(diǎn)                             

1. 動(dòng)詞    謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào)一致, 語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用,主謂一致,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤,同義詞反義詞誤用,虛擬語(yǔ)氣(如接賓語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)等。             2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞    不定式,動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞的誤用,非謂語(yǔ)的否定、完成、被動(dòng),并列連詞前后的一致等。                                     3. 名詞    名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞混用等。如在several, a number of,various,differenta few,one of之后,常用復(fù)數(shù),在every,more than one,many aeach之后常用單數(shù)。                                        4. 形容詞和副詞    包括形容詞和副詞詞形變化,形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之間的混用。如excitingexcited,hardhardly,possiblepossibly,herethere,high highly, close closelywidewidely,deep deeply等。                            5. 冠詞     a/an/the的選用和固定搭配。   :  an hour, a university, a European, an honor                 6. 代詞    包括代詞指代的性、數(shù)一致,物主代詞誤用,代詞的主賓格混用,單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)用,反身代詞誤用,it 與指示代詞混用,不定代詞混用,以及關(guān)系代詞誤用等。如youyour,it’sits,ittheythemoneones,mymimesheher。                      7. 介詞    弄清常用介詞的搭配。如in on,tofor,withby,insteadinstead ofbecausebecause of,leaveleave forsearchsearch for。               8. 并列連詞    考題中常有意把and,but,or,so等詞混用,出現(xiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤; 并列連詞如:and, or, but, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…等應(yīng)連接平行結(jié)構(gòu), 在詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等形式上要求前后一致(特別是并列結(jié)構(gòu)相距較遠(yuǎn)時(shí))。                  9. 從句    錯(cuò)誤主要出現(xiàn)在從句的引導(dǎo)詞上,如關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用,或者受介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)思維的影響而多加了不必要的介詞。                             10. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤    如果句子的詞法句法均沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤,可通過(guò)邏輯推理去尋找。尋找邏輯錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)從整個(gè)篇章的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯去考慮不符合文意的詞語(yǔ)。               11. 詞義辨析錯(cuò)誤    一些常用詞,如whathowexceptbesidesallboth,anysome, fewlittleborrowlend,neithereither等。                            12. 固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法          

如:1). It is time that sb. did sth.  ( should do)

2). It is + 形容詞 +of / for + sb. + to do sth.

3). It be the first time that從句

4). It is no + use/good + doing sth.            5). It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + …

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