一、物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisHer
中文意思我的你的他的她的
特別提示：形容詞性物主代詞的前后是不出現(xiàn)冠詞的，這是在書寫句子時(shí)最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤。如：my name 而不能說 my a name。
2.形容詞性物主代詞1. 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，它分第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱，每個(gè)人稱又分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，本單元主要涉及形容詞性物主代詞。2. 形容詞性物主代詞表人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
單復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
形容詞性物主單詞My我的Our我們的Your你的Your你們的His他的Her她的Its它的Their他/她/它們的
3. 形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的特點(diǎn)，不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞作定語，位于名詞之前。our country 我們的國(guó)家my pen我的鋼筆his phone number他的電話號(hào)碼her first name 她的名字練一練、用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.That isn’t knife. is green.(she)2. is a boy. name is Mike. Mike’s friends like very much.(he)3.My father and mother are teachers. are very busy(忙的). (them)4.Are these (you)pencils? Yes, they are (our)。5.Whose is this pencil? It’s (I).6.I love very much, and love me, too.(their)Keys:1. her; Hers 2.He;His;him3.They4.your;ours 5.mine6. them; They用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．She is my friend.________ (she) name is Cindy.2．—Are you Ms. Brown?—No，I'm ________ (no)．3．Good afternoon！________ (I) name is Helen.4．This is Alan.________ (his) is my friend.5．Hi，what's ________ (you) name?Keys:1.Her2.not3.My4.He5.your
二、動(dòng)詞be及其縮略形式1. 連系動(dòng)詞be用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，用于說明人或事物的狀態(tài)，身份以及年齡等。2. 連系動(dòng)詞be隨人稱或主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化。第一人稱單數(shù)（I）后用am，第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)（we）后用are；第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)（you）后都用are；第三人稱單數(shù)（he, she, it）后用is，第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)（they）后用are。3.be的現(xiàn)在式am, is, are在口語中常和前面的代詞或名詞構(gòu)成縮寫。通常情況下，am縮寫為’m，is縮寫為’s，are縮寫為’re。I’m=I am that’s=that is who’re=who are4. 含有連系動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的一般疑問句式，是把連系動(dòng)詞be提至句首。其否定句式是在be后直接加not，其變化形式歸納如下：人稱代詞主格肯定否定疑問
II am…I am not…Am I…?
he/she/itHe/She/It is…He/She/It isn’t…Is he/she/it…?
they/we/youThey/We/You are…They/We/You aren’t…Are they/we/you…?
縮寫形式：is not=isn’t are not=aren’t注意： (1) am not一般不縮寫。(2) 在一般疑問句的肯定回答中，連系動(dòng)詞be一般不與主語縮寫?！狝re you a student?—Yes, I am.人稱代詞I, she, he, they1. 人稱代詞“I”在任何情況下都要大寫，且與am搭配使用。2. 在口語中，如果人稱代詞孤立地用于不帶謂語動(dòng)詞的句子中作主語，習(xí)慣上用賓格；如果用主格，就要帶謂語動(dòng)詞?！狪 like playing baseball. 我喜歡打棒球。 —Me, too. 我也是。3. 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)，漢語中通常把“我”排在前面，而英語中的順序通常是：第二人稱→第三人稱 →第一人稱，即：you and he; he and I; you and I; he and I。但在承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，要把“我”排在前面。Are you and she friends? 你跟她是朋友嗎？4. 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，he, she與is搭配使用；you與are搭配使用；I與am搭配使用；而任何兩個(gè)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)，均表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，與are連用。He and I are cousins. 我跟他是表兄弟。三、指示代詞：this, that, these, those 1. 指示代詞是表示“這個(gè)，那個(gè)，這些，那些”的代詞。其中this和these指離說話人較近的人或事物；that和 those指離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的人或事物。2. 指示代詞this, that作主語時(shí)，連系動(dòng)詞be用單數(shù)形式is，同時(shí)后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)these, those作主語時(shí)，連系動(dòng)詞be用復(fù)數(shù)形式are，同時(shí)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1) 在回答主語是this或that的一般疑問句或特殊疑問句時(shí)，在答語中用it代替句中的this或that。當(dāng)回答主語是these或those的問句時(shí)，在答語中用they代替句中的these或those。(2) 在介紹某人時(shí)，用this或that，而不用he或she。(3) 打電話時(shí)，說自己是誰用This is…，問別人是誰用Who’s that?3. 如何將單數(shù)形式的句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式的句子我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，常會(huì)遇到“將單數(shù)形式的句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式的句子”這類題。如何將單數(shù)形式的句子轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)數(shù)形式的句子呢？(1) 指示代詞的變化：this變?yōu)閠hese，that變?yōu)閠hose。This is a pencil. → These are pencils.(2) 人稱代詞的變化：第一人稱I變?yōu)閣e，you不發(fā)生變化，he/she/it變?yōu)閠hey。I’m a teacher. →We are teachers.(3) be動(dòng)詞的變化：am或is變?yōu)閍re。Is she your sister? →Are they your sisters?練一練一、適當(dāng)形式填空(單句適當(dāng)形式)1. (that) are my grandparents.2. (be) Cindy your aunt, Tony?3. (his) is my brother. His name is Bob.4. --- Are these your (picture)?--- Yes. They are very beautiful.5. This is my aunt. (she) last name is Green.答案：1. Those2. Is3. He4. pictures5. Her二、排序題(連詞成句)1. that, your, uncle, is ?2. your, who, is, friend, good ?3. is, she, cousin, my .4. happy, I, a, have, family .5. photo, the, is, in, first, Paul .答案：1. Is that your uncle2. Who is your good friend3. She is my cousin4. I have a happy family5. Paul is in the first photo
三、按要求完成下列單詞1. she’s(完全形式)_________ 2. his(主格) ____________3. son(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)____________ 4. she(形容詞性物主代詞)__________5. this(復(fù)數(shù))______________ 6. those(單數(shù)) ____________7. that is(縮寫形式)________ 8.am（復(fù)數(shù)） ____________9. father(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)__________ 10. photo(復(fù)數(shù))____________11.that (反義詞) __________答案：1. she is2. he3. daughter4. her5. these6. that7. that’s 8. are9. mother10. photos11. this 四、含有be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句1. 將含有be動(dòng)詞的陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問句將be動(dòng)詞提到句首，首字母大寫，句末用問號(hào)，句子就變成了一般疑問句。如果原來句中的主語是I，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧湟臑閥ou；原來句中有形容詞性物主代詞my，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí)要改為your。I am Zhang Yang. → Are you Zhang Yang?That is my bike. → Is that your bike?2. 含有be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句的肯定回答和否定回答肯定回答：Yes, 主語+be（am, is, are）.否定回答：No, 主語+be（am, is, are）not.3. Is this/that…?結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句的答語要用Yes, it is.或No, it isn't.而不用Yes, this/that is.或No, this/that isn't。另外，Are these/those …? 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句的答語要用Yes, they are.或No, they aren't.而不用Yes, these/those are.或No, these/those aren't.—Is that your ruler?那是你的尺子嗎？—Yes, it is./No, it isn't. 是的，它是。/不，它不是?！狝re those his dictionaries? 那些是他的詞典嗎？—Yes, they are./No, they aren't.是的，它們是。/不，它們不是。練一練1. These books are his. (改為一般疑問句) these books ?2. This is my pencil box. (改為否定句)This my pencil box.3. Is this your eraser? (作否定回答) , it .4. That is her pen. (改為同義句)That pen .5. Those are Helen's rulers. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) those?答案：1. Are, his2. is, not3. No, isn't4. is, hers5. What are五、名詞性物主代詞 1. 英語中的物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，其中名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。單復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
名詞性物主代詞mine我的yours你的his 他的hers 她的its 它的ours我們的yours你們的theirs他/她/它們的
2. 名詞性物主代詞在句中獨(dú)立使用，其后不接名詞；名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。Look at the two pencils. The blue one is yours and the green one is mine.看這兩只鉛筆，藍(lán)色的是你的，綠色的是我的。3. 名詞性物主代詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)隨所指者的數(shù)而定。 —Is this ruler yours or hers? —It’s mine. Hers is in her bag.(Hers=her ruler) —Whose books are these? —They are his. Yours are over there.(Yours=Your books)練一練一、適當(dāng)形式填空(單句適當(dāng)形式)1. Paul’s jacket is black. What about ________ (you)？2. —Is that ________ (she) pencil box? —Yes, it’s ________ (her).3. ________ (he) name is Dale. ________ (he) is a teacher.4. —Is this ________ (you) dog?—No, ________ (my) is white.5. —Are these ________ (you) pens?—Yes, they are ________ (ours) books.答案：1. yours2. her; hers3. His; He4. your; mine5. your; our六、方位的介詞：七、介詞辨析：1.In 的用法in English 用英語 The girl in red is Kate.穿著紅衣服的女孩是凱特。I get up at six in the morning.我早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。I was born in Beijing, in 2001. 我出生在2001年出生在北京。2.On the tree 和 in the tree的區(qū)別on the tree “長(zhǎng)”在樹上 in the tree “掛”在樹上3.across 和 through 的區(qū)別 across： “從表面上”穿過；橫穿 through: “從內(nèi)部（空間）”穿過 go through the forest 穿過森林 go across the street 穿過馬路練一練選詞填空(句子選詞填空)
in on under ofat
1. Who are the two girls the photo?2. Mr. Green is a teacher mine. He is my favorite teacher.3. You can call me 437-6816.4. --- Where is my dog? I can't find it.--- Haha, it's the bookcase.5. Look at the picture the wall! Is it yours?答案：1. in2. of3. at4. under5. on八、名詞復(fù)數(shù)類別構(gòu)成方法例詞讀音規(guī)則
一般情況加-sbook -- books [buks]Pet -- pets [pets]bag -- bagskey -- keysboy -- boys在清輔音后讀/s/;在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/;在/s/,/z/,/?/,/t?/,/d?/等后讀 /iz/ 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)：toy— toysknife— knivestooth—teethleaf— leavesDVD—DVDsbaby—babiesphoto—photosGerman—Germansthief—thievesFrenchman— Frenchmenpotato—photoeshouse— housesradio—radioschild— childrenAmerican— Americansfactory— factories
以s, x, ch, sh等結(jié)尾的詞加-esclass-- classesbox -- boxeswatch -- watchesdish -- dishes
以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為 i 加-esfamily-- familiesstrawberry -- strawberriesparty -- parties
拓展連接少數(shù)不規(guī)則：man-- men; woman-- women child -- children foot--feet tooth -- teeth
以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞將-f,-fe改為-v在加-es。 -ves讀作/-vz/、（小刀）knife--knives（狼）wolf-- wolves（樹葉）leaf -- leaves
以輔音加o結(jié)尾的名詞（多數(shù)情況下）加-es, 以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞或外來詞，一般加-s。-es / -s讀作/-z/。tomato--tomatoespotato -- potatoespiano-- pianosradio- radios
注意：A man doctor -- men doctorsa woman teacher -- women teachers
按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型1. Are the books on the desk yours? (作否定回答) . they .2. Where is your schoolbag? (補(bǔ)全答語) under the chair.3. A key is on the table. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)Some on the table.4. His pencil box is in the bag. (改為一般疑問句) pencil box in the bag?5. Jack's map is in his room. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) Jack's map?答案：1. No, aren't2. It is3. keys are4. Is his5. Where is九、have 的各種句式肯定句：I (You / We / They )+have +n. He( She / it ) + has + n.一般疑問句：Do+ you / they +have +n.?肯定回答：Yes, I (we / they)do.否定回答：No, I (we / they)don’t.一般疑問句：Does+ he( she / it ) +have +n.?肯定回答：Yes, he( she / it )does.否定回答：No, he( she / it )doesn’t.
否定句：I (You / We / They )+don’t +have +n. He( She / It ) + don’t +have +n.
特殊疑問句式：What do you / they have? 回答 ： I / They have ...... What does he( she / it ) have? 回答 ：He( She / it ) + has ......
1. Bill’ s father _ (have) two telephone numbers.2. —Does Tom ______ a brother? —No, he ______.A. have; doesn’ t B. have; hasn’ t C. has; doesn’ t D. has; hasn’ t3.I have a blue hat. (改為一般疑問句) 4. Linda has an eraser. (改為一般疑問句) 5. Bill has a brother. (改為否定句) 6. Does your father have a baseball? (作肯定回答) 7. He has a nice pen. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句) Keys： has A Do you have a blue hat? Does Linda have an eraser? Bill doesn’t have a brother. Yes , he does . They have nice pens .十、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)功能：表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作（有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件）的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ v+其他非單數(shù)第三人稱肯定句主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 如：I like sports.
否定句主語 +don’t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 如： I don’t like sports
一般疑問句Do + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 如： Do you like sports?
單數(shù)第三人稱肯定句主語 + 動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式）+其他. 如：He likes sports.
否定句主語 +doesn’t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他 . 如： He doesn’t like sports
一般疑問句Does + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他 ? 如： Does he like sports?
1. I like to play with my friends. (改為一般疑問句) 2. John has a ping-pong bat. (改為一般疑問句)3. Do they have soccer balls? (作肯定回答) 4. Does Mike like these jackets? (補(bǔ)全答語) No, he like5. Volleyball is difficult for me. (改為同義句) keys Do you like to play with your friends? Does John have a ping-pong bat? Yes , they do . doesn’t these jackets. Volleyball isn’t easy for me.
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