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在Jakarta Commons中，專門處理數學計算的類分別可以在兩個地方找到：一是Commons Lang的org.apache.commons.lang.math包中，二是在Commons Math這個單獨的子項目中。由于后者主要是處理復數、矩陣等，相對使用比較少，在我的筆記中就只簡單講講Commons Lang中的math包。對后者感興趣的可以看看

http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/math/

org.apache.commons.lang.math包中共有10個類，這些類可以歸納成四組：

1- 處理分數的Fraction類；

2- 處理數值的NumberUtils類；

3- 處理數值范圍的Range、NumberRange、IntRange、LongRange、FloatRange、DoubleRange類；

4- 處理隨機數的JVMRandom和RandomUtils類。

下面我舉個例子分別說明上述四組的使用方法：

package sean.study.jakarta.commons.lang;

import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.BooleanUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.DoubleRange;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.Fraction;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.NumberUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.RandomUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.Range;

public class LangMathUsage {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        demoFraction();

        demoNumberUtils();

        demoNumberRange();

        demoRandomUtils();

    }

    public static void demoFraction() {

        System.out.println(StringUtils.center(" demoFraction ", 30, "="));

        Fraction myFraction = Fraction.getFraction(144, 90);

        // Fraction myFraction = Fraction.getFraction("1 54/90");

        System.out.println("144/90 as fraction: " + myFraction);

        System.out.println("144/90 to proper: " + myFraction.toProperString());

        System.out.println("144/90 as double: " + myFraction.doubleValue());

        System.out.println("144/90 reduced: " + myFraction.reduce());

        System.out.println("144/90 reduced proper: "

                + myFraction.reduce().toProperString());

        System.out.println();

    }

    public static void demoNumberUtils() {

        System.out.println(StringUtils.center(" demoNumberUtils ", 30, "="));

        System.out.println("Is 0x3F a number? "

                + StringUtils.capitalize(BooleanUtils.toStringYesNo(NumberUtils

                        .isNumber("0x3F"))) + ".");

        double[] array = { 1.0, 3.4, 0.8, 7.1, 4.6 };

        double max = NumberUtils.max(array);

        double min = NumberUtils.min(array);

        String arrayStr = ArrayUtils.toString(array);

        System.out.println("Max of " + arrayStr + " is: " + max);

        System.out.println("Min of " + arrayStr + " is: " + min);

        System.out.println();

    }

    public static void demoNumberRange() {

        System.out.println(StringUtils.center(" demoNumberRange ", 30, "="));

        Range normalScoreRange = new DoubleRange(90, 120);

        double score1 = 102.5;

        double score2 = 79.9;

        System.out.println("Normal score range is: " + normalScoreRange);

        System.out.println("Is "

                + score1

                + " a normal score? "

                + StringUtils

                        .capitalize(BooleanUtils.toStringYesNo(normalScoreRange

                                .containsDouble(score1))) + ".");

        System.out.println("Is "

                + score2

                + " a normal score? "

                + StringUtils

                        .capitalize(BooleanUtils.toStringYesNo(normalScoreRange

                                .containsDouble(score2))) + ".");

        System.out.println();

    }

    public static void demoRandomUtils() {

        System.out.println(StringUtils.center(" demoRandomUtils ", 30, "="));

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            System.out.println(RandomUtils.nextInt(100));

        }

        System.out.println();

    }

}

以下是運行結果：

======== demoFraction ========

144/90 as fraction: 144/90

144/90 to proper: 1 54/90

144/90 as double: 1.6

144/90 reduced: 8/5

144/90 reduced proper: 1 3/5

====== demoNumberUtils =======

Is 0x3F a number? Yes.

Max of {1.0,3.4,0.8,7.1,4.6} is: 7.1

Min of {1.0,3.4,0.8,7.1,4.6} is: 0.8

====== demoNumberRange =======

Normal score range is: Range[90.0,120.0]

Is 102.5 a normal score? Yes.

Is 79.9 a normal score? No.

====== demoRandomUtils =======

75

63

40

21

92