脊椎矯正是一項(xiàng)手療醫(yī)學(xué),它是應(yīng)用杠桿原理,使?fàn)恳?、扭轉(zhuǎn)、復(fù)位的三度空間手法,將異位的脊椎、關(guān)節(jié)導(dǎo)正恢復(fù)椎間孔的孔徑,解除脊椎神經(jīng)的壓迫。
脊椎矯正V.S.脊椎神經(jīng)
人體的神經(jīng),不但負(fù)責(zé)身體四肢及體表,也負(fù)責(zé)所有的內(nèi)臟、血管及腺體器官。因此只要有一條脊椎神經(jīng)受壓迫,不但會引起四肢體表疼痛,亦會引起內(nèi)臟等器官的癥狀出現(xiàn)。
為何矯正脊椎對脊椎神經(jīng)有所助益
人體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)包括腦和脊髓(位于脊椎管內(nèi)),周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)包括12對腦神經(jīng)及31對脊椎神經(jīng)。由于大部份的腦神經(jīng)及所有的脊椎神經(jīng),都由脊椎中間管道(脊椎管)通過,再從脊椎左右兩側(cè)的椎間孔(兩脊椎間的間隙)伸出,而分布于身體各個部位,且每條脊椎神經(jīng)有其固定的分布區(qū)域。因此,若任一脊椎發(fā)生移位、粘連、不正或側(cè)彎,將會引起椎間孔狹窄而壓迫脊椎神經(jīng),因而一方面造成該神經(jīng)所管制的四肢或體表肌肉的酸麻疼痛,另一方面造成該神經(jīng)所管制的血管、腺體或內(nèi)臟的癥狀。
認(rèn)識脊椎矯正
脊椎神經(jīng)復(fù)健科是依據(jù)神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)及生物力學(xué)為其理論基礎(chǔ),亦即依脊椎神經(jīng)所分布的解剖學(xué)部位,利用生物力學(xué)的杠桿原理,采用適合的手法,以巧妙、自然、輕松及無痛的情況下,迅速的將脊椎矯正,使脊椎神經(jīng)得以紓解,進(jìn)而解除病痛的根源。由于不同于打針、吃藥,所以無副作用,更因效果快速,因而得到美國廣大民眾的喜愛。
治療腰疾效果佳免去開刀危險性
根據(jù)美國洛杉磯脊椎神經(jīng)學(xué)院謝章優(yōu)副教授及其校長菲立普博士等所作的一項(xiàng)研究,把63位介于18~55歲之間的腰部疼痛病患分成四組,分別接受脊椎矯正、按摩、肌肉電刺激及護(hù)腰帶等四組治療方式,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)脊椎矯正對腰痛的治療效果最好,它的效果比護(hù)腰帶好一倍,比肌肉電刺激好兩倍,比輕度按摩好四倍。由此研究得知,脊椎神經(jīng)復(fù)健科治療腰痛效果大于其它方法,當(dāng)然更無如開刀所引起的危險性。
脊椎矯正的治療效果,依下列情況而有所差異:
1.依年齡不同年紀(jì)愈大,骨胳愈僵硬,矯正效果較慢;年紀(jì)愈小,效果愈快。
2.依神經(jīng)壓迫時間神經(jīng)壓迫愈短,則矯正效果愈好,若神經(jīng)壓迫愈久,則矯正效果愈慢。
3.依個人工作情況較須使用脊椎負(fù)擔(dān)工作者,矯正效果較慢,工作較輕松者,矯正效果較好。
4.依個人姿勢習(xí)慣站姿、坐姿及蹲下拾撿重物的習(xí)慣,與矯正效果有關(guān),不良姿勢習(xí)慣者,矯正效果較差。
5.加以輔助器材如腰惟側(cè)彎者,加以護(hù)腰帶輔助;頸椎有問題者,加以健康枕頭;如腰椎常酸痛者,亦在于坐椅上加以護(hù)腰帶,以保護(hù)腰椎。
矯正期搭配生活保健效果更佳
矯正期間必須在生活上多注意下列調(diào)養(yǎng):
1.保持正確姿勢:尤以坐姿及睡姿須特別注意。
2.不做激烈及跳躍運(yùn)動,嚴(yán)重者尚須臥床休息。
3.不睡太軟床鋪,避免脊椎變形。
4.不抱重物,減少脊椎負(fù)擔(dān)。
5.使用柔軟體操,避免肌肉僵硬。
6.穿著輕快、柔軟且具有彈性的鞋子,以免增加脊椎負(fù)擔(dān)。
7.常做熱水浴可消除肌肉僵硬。
8.常做仰泳運(yùn)動(尤以海水較具浮力)可使肌肉強(qiáng)化,以利脊椎的保護(hù)。
9.定期做脊椎矯正,以利脊椎之保養(yǎng),常人以每星期保養(yǎng)一次,而老人以每星期保養(yǎng)兩次為佳。
10.若有酸痛再犯,應(yīng)及早治療,以免延遲病情。
脊椎保養(yǎng)有賴自身的調(diào)養(yǎng)
預(yù)防重于治療,保養(yǎng)脊椎首在避免脊椎神經(jīng)受壓迫,不論是正常人或是患者,唯有靠自身在生活及飲食、運(yùn)動中特別注意下列事項(xiàng),才能免于脊椎神經(jīng)受傷害。
1.保持正確姿勢
1.1坐姿必須端正,若須長時間端坐時,所坐的椅子必須有靠背,且椅背的角度不可大于115度,臀部與椅背必須緊靠,若能在腰部加墊一個護(hù)腰墊,則更能保持腰椎的正?;《取?nbsp;
1.2走路時,挺胸而非挺著肚子,以免腰椎往前突而造成腰椎神經(jīng)壓迫,懷孕婦女尤須注意。
1.3睡覺時,為保持頸椎正?;《龋瑧?yīng)將枕頭改為符合人體頸部工學(xué)設(shè)計(符合頸部正?;《?的健康枕頭,避免睡高枕。
1.4避免彎腰撿拾重物,宜以蹲下取之。
1.5避免單側(cè)抱重物。
1.6肩挑重物應(yīng)以兩側(cè)肩部輪流負(fù)擔(dān),避免長期使用單側(cè),以免造成胸椎側(cè)彎。
1.7避免使用臉朝下的趴睡姿勢,以免造成頸椎側(cè)彎。
2.注意飲食
2.1避免飲食過量,防止體重過重,增加腰椎負(fù)擔(dān)。
2.2攝取足夠鈣質(zhì),防止骨質(zhì)疏松癥提早發(fā)生,含鈣食物有乳酪、牛乳、甘藍(lán)菜及豆腐等。
適當(dāng)、適量運(yùn)動,藉以強(qiáng)化肌肉,增加關(guān)節(jié)柔軟度,以保持良好姿勢,防止骨胳老化,減緩鈣質(zhì)流失。
脊椎矯正應(yīng)有的認(rèn)知
據(jù)專家表示,肌肉或體表酸麻疼痛者在經(jīng)長期四處求醫(yī)而無治療效果之下,脊椎矯正是紓解癥狀或永久治愈的另一種管道,尤其是在落枕、頸背肌肉緊張引起的頭痛、頸肩僵直酸痛、上下肢酸麻、腰背疼痛、輕度椎間盤突出癥等可在短期間收效;此外,由于脊椎矯正不會使病情惡化,對某些脊椎關(guān)節(jié)動手術(shù)者,不妨在手術(shù)前試試看,或許可免去一刀。專家再次強(qiáng)調(diào),脊椎矯正有具體事實(shí)的療效是不容置疑的,但是在國內(nèi)卻僅流于民俗醫(yī)療,而未能善加管理。因此,患者在求診前必須慎選醫(yī)師,必須具備神經(jīng)生理學(xué)、脊椎解剖學(xué)及各種病變的詳盡知識,并應(yīng)具備熟練的經(jīng)驗(yàn),患者才可安心地接受診治。
《論脊柱亞健康》的口訣
脊柱勞傷,筋骨錯縫;百病滋生,壽命多兇。
頸椎不正,失眠多夢;肩臂手麻,頭暈頭痛。
視物昏花,耳鳴耳聾。咽痛生嘶,面無花容。
胸椎側(cè)凸,背似駝峰;乳房瘦垂,心慌悶胸。
下胸扭彎,肝膽無功;腹肌無力,胃腸不通。
上腰不正,步態(tài)龍鐘;性事無能,分泌亂籠。
下腰曲歪,腰酸腿痛;大腹便便,身材臃腫。
骶尾骨斜,臀傾不豐;頭痛神昏,二便失控。
脊梁骨氣,生命至重;骨正筋柔,青春雄風(fēng)。
頸椎、脊椎矯正注意事項(xiàng)
11、不論治療期間或愈后均須:⑴保持正確姿勢;⑵放松肌肉(尤以肩膀肌肉);⑶適當(dāng)運(yùn)動(以伸展操尤佳)。
我的經(jīng)絡(luò)感傳與脊椎
1)手太陰肺經(jīng):經(jīng)肩前部至大椎穴。
2)手陽明大腸經(jīng):從肩髃穴經(jīng)肩上方至大椎穴。
3)足陽明胃經(jīng):從缺盆向后至大椎穴。
4)手太陽小腸經(jīng):從臑俞穴斜上,行至第七頸椎棘突下的大椎穴。
5)足太陽膀胱經(jīng):內(nèi)側(cè)支斜向內(nèi)上分幾支入骶骨后孔,…入通椎管上行和下行,…發(fā)出分支到大椎穴和陶道穴。
6)足少陰腎經(jīng):其三向后上方夾脊柱兩側(cè)上行至第二腰椎。
7)手少陽三焦經(jīng):向后中線至大椎穴。
8)足少陽膽經(jīng):一支散至骶椎;一支到大椎穴。
9)督脈:至大椎穴進(jìn)入督脈。一支夾后正中線上行,;一支進(jìn)入頸椎至顱下面。一支夾后正中線下行,經(jīng)第二腰椎時向前外橫行至腎;一支從第二腰椎夾后正中線繼續(xù)下行至肛門。
10)帶脈:經(jīng)腎經(jīng)的肓俞穴橫行至第二腰椎棘突下進(jìn)入腰椎椎管中;一支斜行至大椎穴進(jìn)入頸椎和上位胸椎。
三、背俞穴與脊椎
人體的十二經(jīng)絡(luò)與相應(yīng)的背俞穴有感傳聯(lián)系,背俞穴與相應(yīng)的脊椎相鄰近,對相應(yīng)的椎節(jié)也有明顯的影響。下面是關(guān)于椎節(jié)、背俞穴和十二經(jīng)絡(luò)的對照:
代號 椎節(jié) 背俞穴 經(jīng)絡(luò)
T3 胸椎第三節(jié) 肺俞 肺經(jīng)
T4 胸椎第四節(jié) 厥陰俞 心包經(jīng)
T5 胸椎第五節(jié) 心俞 心經(jīng)
T9 胸椎第九節(jié) 肝俞 肝經(jīng)
T10 胸椎第十節(jié) 膽俞 膽經(jīng)
T11 胸椎第十一節(jié) 脾俞 脾經(jīng)
T12 胸椎第十二節(jié) 胃俞 胃經(jīng)
L1 腰椎第一節(jié) 三焦俞 三焦經(jīng)
L2 腰椎第二節(jié) 腎俞 腎經(jīng)
L4 腰椎第四節(jié) 大腸俞 大腸經(jīng)
S1 骶椎第一節(jié) 小腸俞 小腸經(jīng)
S2 骶椎第二節(jié) 膀胱俞 膀胱經(jīng)
四、各椎節(jié)棘突下誘發(fā)的經(jīng)絡(luò)感傳
C1 肺經(jīng)
C2 肺經(jīng)
C3 大腸經(jīng)
C4 三焦經(jīng)(到中指尺側(cè))
C5 三焦經(jīng)(到無名指尺側(cè))
C6 小腸經(jīng)
C7 無法分辨
T1 肺經(jīng)
T2 肺經(jīng)
T3 肺經(jīng)、大腸經(jīng)
T4 心包經(jīng)、三焦經(jīng)
T5 心經(jīng)、小腸經(jīng)
T6 小腸經(jīng)
T7 帶脈
T8 三焦經(jīng)
T9 肝經(jīng)
T10 膽經(jīng)
T11 脾經(jīng)
T12 胃經(jīng)
L1 三焦經(jīng)
L2 腎經(jīng)、帶脈
L3 肺經(jīng)
L4 大腸經(jīng)
L5 膀胱經(jīng)
S1 小腸經(jīng)
S2 膀胱經(jīng)
S3 膽經(jīng)、膀胱經(jīng)
S4 膽經(jīng)、膀胱經(jīng)
S5 膽經(jīng)、膀胱經(jīng)
頸椎上段癥狀(1-2)
頭痛、眩暈、失眠、健忘、腦供血不足。
頭發(fā)干燥、斷裂、分叉、變白、變 黃。
面部痤瘡、黑眼圈、黑眼帶、皮膚干燥。
頸椎中段癥狀(3-4)
視物模糊、鼻炎、鼻竇炎、耳鳴、耳聾。
三叉神經(jīng)痛、牙痛、扁桃體炎、咽喉炎。
頸椎下段癥狀(5-7)
呼吸道感染、甲狀腺病、肩周炎、落枕胸椎上段癥狀(1-4)
氣管炎、支氣管炎、肺炎、胸悶、心慌。
冠心病、心絞痛、肺心病、心供血不足。
胸椎中段癥狀(5-8)
胃炎、腸炎、胃潰瘍、胃腸功能紊亂。
酒精肝、脂肪肝、乳腺增生、糖尿病。
胸椎下段癥狀:(9-12)
腎炎、輸尿管炎、尿毒癥、尋麻疹。
過敏癥。皮膚病、疲勞癥、風(fēng)濕病。
腰椎癥狀(1-5)
腹瀉、便秘、腰肌勞損、椎間盤脫出。
早 產(chǎn)、附件炎、盆腔炎、月經(jīng)不調(diào) 骶椎癥狀(1-5)
陽 痿、早泄、前列腺炎、痔瘡。
不孕癥、性功能低下、坐骨神經(jīng)痛
中國古代天文學(xué)的特殊成就:節(jié)氣
根據(jù)太陽在春夏秋冬時在黃道上的不同位置,近一步區(qū)分成24種不同位置,謂之 節(jié)氣,先民將冬至到次年冬至整個回歸年時間平分成12等分,每個分點(diǎn)稱為「中氣」,再將中氣間長均分為二,其分點(diǎn)叫作「節(jié)氣」。這十二中氣和十二節(jié)氣的統(tǒng)稱為「二十四節(jié)氣」。西洋的歷法中,只分春分、夏至、秋分與冬至四個節(jié)氣,對應(yīng)太陽在黃道上,兩次穿越赤道與最北與最南的四個時刻,作為四季的中心。而我國農(nóng)歷里則把節(jié)氣分得很細(xì),定出了二十四節(jié)氣,相鄰兩節(jié)氣對應(yīng)太陽在黃道上運(yùn)行15度。節(jié)氣的名稱大都反應(yīng)物候、農(nóng)時或季節(jié)的起點(diǎn)與中點(diǎn),明顯是以方便農(nóng)耕為考量,可說是太陽位置的反映,也是氣候寒暖的反映。最遲在春秋時代就產(chǎn)生這樣的概念。
地球繞橢圓軌道公轉(zhuǎn),在近日點(diǎn)附近(冬至)的運(yùn)行速度較快,而在遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn)(夏至)附近運(yùn)行速度較慢,所以以地球的觀點(diǎn),太陽在黃道上運(yùn)行的速度也是冬快夏慢,運(yùn)行15度所須的時間自然有別,因此兩節(jié)氣之間所經(jīng)歷的時間長短也不同。冬天的節(jié)氣較密,而夏季的節(jié)氣較疏。二十四節(jié)氣的劃分完全按回歸年的長度。
為了調(diào)合回歸年(陽歷)與朔望月(陰歷)之間的差異,農(nóng)歷把二十四節(jié)氣中,雙數(shù)的叫中氣,單數(shù)的
朔望月一般比太陽在黃道上運(yùn)行30度的時間短,故經(jīng)過數(shù)月后,按朔望月排出來的月份,就有一個輪不上任何中氣,而這個月在農(nóng)歷里就定為「閏月」,由于它沒有月名,所以仍沿用上一個月的月名,而稱為閏某月, 1998年農(nóng)歷5月份之后的一個月內(nèi) (6月24日到7月22日) 只有「小暑」一個節(jié)氣,于是就成為「閏五月」 。右為二十四節(jié)氣圖:
二十四節(jié)氣的名稱與其物候如下:
立春:立是開始的意思,春是蠢動,表示萬物開始有生氣,這一天春天開始。
雨水:降雨開始,雨水將多。
驚蟄:春雷響動,驚動蟄伏地下冬眠的生物,它們將開始出土活動。
春分:這是春季九十天的中分點(diǎn),這一天晝夜相等,所以古代曾稱春分秋分為晝夜分。
清明:明潔晴朗,氣候溫暖,草木開始萌發(fā)繁茂。
谷雨:雨生百谷的意思。雨水增多,適時的降雨對谷物生長很為有利。
立夏:夏天開始,萬物漸將隨溫暖的氣候而生長。
小滿:滿指籽粒飽滿,麥類等夏熱作物這時開始結(jié)籽灌漿,即將飽滿。
芒種:有芒作物開始成熟,此時也是秋季作物播種的最繁忙時節(jié)。
夏至:白天最長,黑夜最短,這一天中午太陽位置最高,日影短至終極,古代又稱這一天為日北至或長日至。
小暑:暑是炎熱,此時還未到達(dá)最熱。
大暑:炎熱的程度到達(dá)高峰。
立秋:秋天開始,植物快成熟了。
處暑:處是住的意思,表示暑氣到此為止。
白露:地面水氣凝結(jié)為露,色白,是天氣開始轉(zhuǎn)涼了。
秋分:秋季九十天的中間,這一天晝夜相等,同春分一樣,太陽從正東升起正西落下。
寒露:水露先白而后寒,是氣候?qū)⒅饾u轉(zhuǎn)冷的意思。
霜降:見霜。
立冬:冬是終了,作物收割后要收藏起來的意思,這一天起冬天開始。
小雪:開始降雪,但還不多。
大雪:雪量由小增大。
冬至:這一天中午太陽在天空中位置最低,日影最長,白天最短,黑夜最長,古代又稱短日至或日南至。
小寒:冷氣積久而為寒,此時尚未冷到頂點(diǎn)。
大寒:寒冷到頂點(diǎn)。
二十四節(jié)氣中以立春、春分、立夏,夏至、立秋、秋分、立冬與冬至等八節(jié)氣最為重要。它們之間大約相隔46天。一年分為四季,「立」表示四季中每一個季節(jié)的開始,而「分」與「至」表示正處于這季節(jié)的中間。
象征氣溫變化的有:小暑、大暑、處暑、小寒、大寒。反映降雨量的有:雨水、谷雨、白露、寒露、霜降、小雪、大雪。標(biāo)示農(nóng)事活動的有:驚蟄、清明、小滿、芒種。為了方便記憶,簡記為以下:
春雨驚春清谷天,夏滿芒夏暑相連;秋暑白秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。
畸形矯正術(shù)Deformity Correction
Spinal deformity correction is an important procedure that can straighten and heal a deformed spine. Spinal deformities are caused by myriad conditions, including fractures, scoliosis, kyphosis and others. and offer patients relief from pain, greater stability and mobility, and a new outlook on life.
As mentioned, spinal deformity can be caused by many different conditions. These include kyphosis, scoliosis and fracturing of the vertebra.
Kyphosis – Kyphosis is a condition in which the spine is abnormally curved. Generally, the result is one of a “bowed” or hunched back causing the patient to slouch abnormally. The symptoms of kyphosis include fatigue, a rounded appearance to the back, tenderness or stiffness in the spine, and difficulty breathing in some instances.
Scoliosis – Scoliosis is superficially similar to kyphosis, in that it is an abnormal curving of the spine. Patients with scoliosis might have a spine that twists to resemble the letter “s” or the letter “c”. Symptoms of scoliosis include low-back pain or generalized backache, visible sideways curving of the spine, a feeling of “tiredness” in the back after prolonged sitting and/or standing, and uneven hips or shoulders (with one higher than the other).
Fracturing – Fractures of the thoracic spine are serious, but not uncommon. Typical causes include falls from heights, violent impacts (gunshot wounds, car crashes, etc.) and sports accidents. Rotation fracture patterns, extension fracture patterns, axial burst fractures and flexion fracture patterns are all possible depending on impact location and intensity.
Dr. Chetan Patel of AdventHealth Medical Group Spine Health can treat spinal deformity in a variety of ways, but most will involve surgery. Surgical treatment of thoracic spine deformity requires gaining access to the damaged/deformed area via an anterior incision (or less common, a posterior incision). By performing a costotransversectomy, the surgeon gains access to the damaged vertebra and can remove material, graft bone or apply bone graft substitute, as well as install instrumentation to provide support for the spine during and after the healing process. Surgery times will vary considerably depending on the cause and severity of the deformity.
Healing time required after spinal deformity treatment will vary with each patient. However, most are able to walk (usually with some assistance) the day of surgery. To ensure proper healing, patients will need to undergo at least some physical therapy, and the full benefits of surgery may take some time to realize, although most report pain relief immediately after surgery. Most patients will also have to go through follow-up visits to ensure that the bone graft and instrumentation are healing properly.
spinal manipulation is widely seen as a reasonable treatment option for biomechanical disorders of the spine, such as neck pain and low back pain, the use of spinal manipulation to treat non-musculoskeletal complaints remains controversial. This controversy is due in part to the perception that there is no robust neurobiological rationale to justify using a biomechanical treatment of the spine to address a disorder of visceral function. This paper therefore looks at the physiological evidence that spinal manipulation can impact visceral function. A structured search was conducted, using PubMed and the Index to Chiropractic Literature, to construct of corpus of primary data studies in healthy human subjects of the effects of spinal manipulation on visceral function. The corpus of literature is not large, and the greatest number of papers concerns cardiovascular function. Authors often attribute visceral effects of spinal manipulation to somato-autonomic reflexes. While this is not unreasonable, little attention is paid to alternative mechanisms such as somato-humoural pathways. Thus, while the literature confirms that mechanical stimulation of the spine modulates some organ functions in some cohorts, a comprehensive neurobiological rationale for this general phenomenon has yet to appear.Spinal manipulation is generally accepted as one reasonable treatment option in the management of musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain and neck pain. Some evidence also exists that certain visceral disorders benefit from spinal manipulation (for example, see Bakris et al., 2007). However, the mechanisms by which spinal manipulation might alter visceral function, and so impact visceral disease, remain unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we review the currently available literature concerning visceral responses to the application of mechanical stimuli to the spine and paraspinal tissues. We specifically draw from human studies using high velocity, low amplitude manipulations, and also from research using biomechanically similar manoeuvres. Therefore, in this paper, the term 'spinal manipulation’ may be interpreted liberally to include a range of related procedures.
To provide some clinical context for this review, it is to be noted that only a relatively small percentage of patients receive spinal manipulation specifically for the management of a non-musculoskeletal complaint. Numbers vary somewhat from survey to survey, but in Denmark, for example, the proportion of all patients presenting to chiropractors with non-musculoskeletal complaints apparently fell from 7% in 1966 to 3% in 1999 (Hartvigsen et al., 2003). Furthermore, the range of non-musculoskeletal complaints reported to be treated with spinal manipulation is quite limited. In fact, a previous review found that approximately half of the case reports and case series dealing with manipulative management of non-musculoskeletal complaints pertained to only a handful of disorders including gynecological complaints, visual deficits, asthma and enuresis (Budgell, 1999). Clinical trials of spinal manipulation in the treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders are similarly restricted with the bulk of studies focused on cardiovascular disease, gynecological complaints, infantile colic and asthma (Hawk et al., 2007; Nakayama and Budgell, 2009). Given the restricted interests of clinical reports and controlled studies, as described above, we will therefore review basic physiological studies of what appear to be the most clinically relevant phenomena: cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and female reproductive function.