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上一張文章模塊分析已經(jīng)寫到了需要實現(xiàn)哪些模塊哪些功能，現(xiàn)在這一章就講具體怎么實現(xiàn)這些功能。

一、文章數(shù)據(jù)庫模型設計

根據(jù)文章模塊分析中數(shù)據(jù)表的各字段和表之間的關系進行創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表

1. 文章標簽表

news/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom utils.models import models as _modelsclass Tags(_models.BaseModel):    """    news tags model    field:        name            CharField    """    name = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="文章標題", help_text="文章標題")    class Meta:        ordering = ["-update_time", "-id"]  # 排序方式        db_table = "tb_tags"        verbose_name = "文章標簽"                           # 在admins站點中的名字        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name                 # 顯示復數(shù)的名字    def __str__(self):        return "文章標簽：{}".format(self.name)

2. 文章表

news/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom utils.models import models as _modelsclass Articles(_models.BaseModel):    """    create news model    field:        title           CharField        digest          CharField        clicks          CharField        content         TextField        image_url       URLField        tag             ForeignKey        author          ForeignKey    """    # CASCADE       :主表刪除，從表全部刪除    # PROTECT       :    # SET_NULL      :主表刪除后，從表設置為NULL    # SET_DEFAULT   :主表刪除后，從表設置為默認值    # SET           :主表刪除后，從表調(diào)用一個可執(zhí)行對象，然后將值返回給從表    # DO_NOTHING    :主表刪除后，從表什么都不做    title = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="文章標題", help_text="文章標題")    digest = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="文章摘要", help_text="文章摘要")    content = models.TextField(verbose_name="評論內(nèi)容", help_text="評論內(nèi)容")    clicks = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="文章點擊量",  help_text="文章點擊量")    image_url = models.URLField(default=" ", verbose_name="圖片url", help_text="圖片url")    tag = models.ForeignKey("Tags", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)    author = models.ForeignKey("users.Users", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)    class Meta:        ordering = ["-update_time", "-id"]        db_table = "tb_article"        verbose_name = "文章"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return "文章標題：{}".format(self.title)

3. 熱門文章表

news/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom utils.models import models as _modelsclass HotArticle(_models.BaseModel):    """    create hot news model    field:        priority        IntegerField        news         ForeignKey    """    PRI_CHOICES = [        (1, "第一級"),        (2, "第二級"),        (3, "第三級"),    ]    priority = models.IntegerField(default=3, choices=PRI_CHOICES, verbose_name="優(yōu)先級", help_text="優(yōu)先級")    article = models.OneToOneField("Articles", on_delete=models.CASCADE)    class Meta:        ordering = ["-update_time", "-id"]        db_table = "tb_hotarticle"        verbose_name = "熱門文章"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return "優(yōu)先級：{}".format(self.priority)

4. 文章輪播圖

news/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom utils.models import models as _modelsclass Banner(_models.BaseModel):    """    create news banner model    field:        priority        IntegerField        image_url       URLField        news         ForeignKey    """    PRI_CHOICES = [        (1, "第一級"),        (2, "第二級"),        (3, "第三級"),        (4, "第四級"),        (5, "第五級"),        (6, "第六級"),    ]    image_url = models.URLField(default="", verbose_name="輪播圖url", help_text="輪播圖url")    priority = models.IntegerField(default=6, choices=PRI_CHOICES, verbose_name="優(yōu)先級", help_text="優(yōu)先級")    article = models.OneToOneField("Articles", on_delete=models.CASCADE)    class Meta:        ordering = ["priority", "-update_time", "-id"]        db_table = "tb_banner"        verbose_name = "輪播圖"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return "優(yōu)先級：{}".format(self.priority)

5. 評論表

news/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom utils.models import models as _modelsclass Comments(_models.BaseModel):    """    create news comments models    field:        content        author        news        parent    """    content = models.TextField(verbose_name="評論內(nèi)容", help_text="評論內(nèi)容")    author = models.ForeignKey("users.Users", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)    article = models.ForeignKey("Articles", on_delete=models.CASCADE)    parent = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)  # 自我關聯(lián)，多級評論，blank允許前端不傳數(shù)據(jù)    class Meta:        ordering = ["-update_time", "-id"]        db_table = "tb_comments"        verbose_name = "評論內(nèi)容"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    # 自定義字典轉(zhuǎn)化    def to_dict_data(self):        comment_dict_data = {            "comment_id": self.id,  # 評論id            "article_id": self.article.id,  # 文章id            "content": self.content,  # 評論內(nèi)容            "update_time": self.update_time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M"),  # 更新日期            "author": self.author.username,  # 評論人            "parent": self.parent.to_dict_data() if self.parent else None  # 二級評論        }        return comment_dict_data    def __str__(self):        return "評論內(nèi)容：{}".format(self.content)

6. 公用表

每個表格公用的字段創(chuàng)建一個公用的來繼承，少些代碼

utils/models/models.py

from django.db import modelsclass BaseModel(models.Model):    """    base model,public field    """    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="創(chuàng)建時間")    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="更新時間")    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="邏輯刪除")    class Meta:        abstract = True   # 用于其他模型繼承，在數(shù)據(jù)遷移時不會創(chuàng)建表格

1. 創(chuàng)建完后進行數(shù)據(jù)表的創(chuàng)建和遷移，使用Run manage.py Task…

   makemigrations news  # 生成表格mkmigrate news		# 遷移表格

2. 添加測試數(shù)據(jù)

   使用navicate直接添加sql數(shù)據(jù)文件，添加時要注意文件名要跟數(shù)據(jù)表對應

二、文章標簽功能和熱門文章功能

1. 路由urls.py設置

項目urls.py配置

from django.urls import path, includefrom django.conf import settingsfrom django.conf.urls.static import staticurlpatterns = [    path('news/', include("news.urls")),] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

news/urls.py配置

from django.urls import pathfrom news import viewsapp_name = "news"urlpatterns = [    path("index/", views.IndexView.as_view(), name="index"),]

2. 后端view邏輯處理

news/views.py

from django.views import Viewfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom news import models as _modelsclass IndexView(View):    """    create index page    news_tag    """    def get(self, request):        # 1. 文章標簽數(shù)據(jù)獲取        tag_list = _models.Tags.objects.only("name", "id").filter(is_delete=False)  # 標簽數(shù)據(jù)        # 2. 熱門文章數(shù)據(jù)獲取        hot_article_list = _models.HotArticle.objects.select_related("article").only("id", "article__title",                                                                                         "article__image_url").filter(is_delete=False).order_by("priority", "-update_time", "-id")        return render(request, "news/index.html", locals())

3. 前端html數(shù)據(jù)填充

templates/news/index.html

{# 熱門文章 #}{% block hot_news %}    <ul class="recommend-news">        {% for hot_article in hot_article_list %}            <li>                <a href="/news/{{ hot_article.id }}" target="_blank">                    <div class="recommend-thumbnail">                        <img src="{{ hot_article.article.image_url }}" alt="title">                    </div>                    <p class="info">{{ hot_article.article.titile }}</p>                </a>            </li>        {% endfor %}    </ul>{% endblock %}{# 文章標簽 #}{% block news_tags %}  	<nav class="news-nav">	  <ul class="clearfix">	      <li class="active"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-id="0">最新資訊</a></li>	      {% for tag in tag_list %}	      <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-id="{{ tag.id }}">{{ tag.name }}</a></li>	      {% endfor %}	  </ul>	</nav>{% endblock %}

三、文章輪播圖

1. 路由urls.py設置

項目urls.py配置

from django.urls import path, includefrom django.conf import settingsfrom django.conf.urls.static import staticurlpatterns = [    path('news/', include("news.urls")),] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

news/urls.py配置

from django.urls import pathfrom news import viewsapp_name = "news"urlpatterns = [     path("banner/", views.BannerView.as_view(), name="banner"),]

2. 后端view邏輯處理

news/views.py

from django.views import Viewfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom news import containsfrom news import models as _modelsfrom utils.res_code.json_function import to_json_dataclass BannerView(View):    """    news banner image    """    def get(self, request):        # 1. 從數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲取數(shù)據(jù)        banner_queryset_list = _models.Banner.objects.select_related("article").only("image_url", "article__id",                                                                            "article__title").filter(            is_delete=False).order_by("priority", "-update_time", "-id")[0:contains.BANNER_IMAGE_NUMBER]        banner_list = []        # 2. 數(shù)據(jù)序列化        for banner_queryset in banner_queryset_list:            banner_list.append({                    "image_url": banner_queryset.image_url,                    "article_id": banner_queryset.article.id,                    "article_title": banner_queryset.article.title,                })        data = {            "banner_list": banner_list        }        # 3. 返回數(shù)據(jù)到前端        return to_json_data(data=data)

3. 前端js實現(xiàn)

static/js/news/banner.js

$(function () {    // 新聞輪播圖功能    fn_load_banner();    let $banner = $('.banner');    let $picLi = $(".banner .pic li");    let $prev = $('.banner .prev');    let $next = $('.banner .next');    let $tabLi = $('.banner .tab li');    let index = 0;    // 小原點    $tabLi.click(function () {        index = $(this).index();        $(this).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active');        $picLi.eq(index).fadeIn(1500).siblings('li').fadeOut(1500);    });    // 點擊切換上一張    $prev.click(function () {        index--;        if (index < 0) {            index = $tabLi.length - 1        }        $tabLi.eq(index).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active');        $picLi.eq(index).fadeIn(1500).siblings('li').fadeOut(1500);    }).mousedown(function () {        return false    });    //切換下一張    $next.click(function () {        auto();    }).mousedown(function () {        return false    });    //  圖片向前滑動    function auto() {        index++;        index %= $tabLi.length;        $tabLi.eq(index).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active');        $picLi.eq(index).fadeIn(3000).siblings('li').fadeOut(3000);    }    // 定時器    let timer = setInterval(auto, 2000);    $banner.hover(function () {        clearInterval(timer)    }, function () {        auto();    });    function fn_load_banner() {        $.ajax({            url: "/news/banner/",  // url尾部需要添加/// 請求地址            type: "GET",// 請求方式            async: false  //關閉異步        })            .done(function (res) {                if (res.errno === "200") {                    let content = ``;                    let tab_content = ``;   //按鈕                    res.data.banner_list.forEach(function (one_banner, index) {                        if (index === 0) {                            // 需要修改 href  接收后臺傳來的id號 響應詳情頁  one_banner.news_id                            content = `                                <li style="display:block;"><a href="/news/${one_banner.article_id}/">                                <img src="${one_banner.image_url}" alt="${one_banner.article_title}"></a></li>                                `;                            tab_content = `<li class="active"></li>`;                        } else {                            content = `                                <li><a href="/news/${one_banner.article_id}/"><img src="${one_banner.image_url}" alt="${one_banner.article_title}"></a></li>                            `;                            tab_content = `<li></li>`;                        }                        $(".pic").append(content);  // 內(nèi)容                        $(".tab").append(tab_content); // 標簽                    });                } else {                    // 登錄失敗，打印錯誤信息                    alert(res.errmsg);                }            })            .fail(function () {                alert('服務器超時，請重試！');            });    }});