TED英語演講課
給心靈放個(gè)假吧
吸煙對(duì)我們的身體并沒有好處，這并不是什么大新聞。
但是你真的了解吸煙對(duì)我們身體傷害的機(jī)制么？
如何避免吸煙的危害？
Cigarettes aren't good for us.
香煙對(duì)我們不好。
That's hardly news--we've known about the dangers of smoking for decades.
這不是什么新聞-幾十年來我們都知道吸煙的危害。
But how exactly do cigarettes harm us?
但香煙到底會(huì)對(duì)我們造成什么傷害呢？
Let's look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies,
讓我們看看當(dāng)它們的成分穿過我們的身體時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，
and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking.
以及當(dāng)我們最終戒煙時(shí)身體上的益處。
With each inhalation,
每次吸入，
smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances into contact with the body's tissues.
煙霧使5，000多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)與人體組織接觸。
From the start, tar, a black, resinous material,
從一開始，焦油，一種黑色的樹脂材料，
begins to coat the teeth and gums,
開始覆蓋牙齒和牙齦，
damaging tooth enamel,
損壞牙釉質(zhì)，
and eventually causing decay.
最終導(dǎo)致腐爛。
Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose,
隨著時(shí)間的推移，煙霧也會(huì)破壞鼻子的神經(jīng)末梢，
causing loss of smell.
導(dǎo)致嗅覺喪失。
Inside the airways and lungs,
在氣道和肺部，
smoke increases the likelihood of infections,
吸煙會(huì)增加感染的可能性，
as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema.
以及慢性疾病如支氣管炎和肺氣腫。
It does this by damaging the cilia,
它破壞了纖毛，
tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean.
微小的毛發(fā)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，其工作是保持氣道清潔。
It then fills the alveoli,
然后充滿肺泡，
tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.
使肺和血液之間交換氧氣和二氧化碳的小氣囊。
A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood,
一種叫做一氧化碳的有毒氣體穿過細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)入血液，
binding to hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen it would usually have transported around the body.
與血紅蛋白結(jié)合，并取代它通常會(huì)在身體周圍運(yùn)輸?shù)难鯕狻?/span>
That's>這就是吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之一。
Within about 10 seconds,
在10秒內(nèi)，
the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain,
血液中含有一種被稱為尼古丁的興奮劑進(jìn)入大腦，
triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters including endorphins that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive.
觸發(fā)多巴胺和其他神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的釋放，包括內(nèi)啡肽，產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的感覺，使吸煙上癮。
Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining,
香煙中的尼古丁和其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)同時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致血管收縮并破壞其脆弱的內(nèi)皮內(nèi)層，
restricting blood flow.
限制血液流動(dòng)。
These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness,
這些血管效應(yīng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致血管壁增厚，增強(qiáng)血小板的粘稠度，
increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes.
增加血栓形成并觸發(fā)心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的可能性。
Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations in the body's DNA that make cancers form.
香煙中的許多化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)人體DNA的危險(xiǎn)突變，從而導(dǎo)致癌癥的形成。
Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair,
此外，砷和鎳等成分可能會(huì)破壞DNA修復(fù)過程，
thus compromising the body's ability to fight many cancers.
從而損害了身體對(duì)抗多種癌癥的能力。
In fact, about>事實(shí)上，在美國，大約三分之一的癌癥死亡是由吸煙引起的。
And it's not just lung cancer.
不僅僅是肺癌。
Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs,
吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致多種組織和器官的癌癥，
as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones.
還有視力受損和骨骼衰弱。
It makes it harder for women to get pregnant.
這會(huì)讓女人更難懷孕。
And in men,
對(duì)于男性，
it can cause erectile dysfunction.
會(huì)導(dǎo)致部分功能障礙。
But for those who quit smoking,
但對(duì)于那些戒煙的人來說，
there's a huge positive upside with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits.
有一個(gè)巨大的積極的好處，幾乎立即和持久的身體利益。
Just 20 minutes after a smoker's final cigarette,
在吸煙者抽完最后一支煙后的20分鐘，
their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.
他們的心率和血壓開始恢復(fù)正常。
After 12 hours,
12個(gè)小時(shí)后，
carbon monoxide levels stabilize,
一氧化碳水平穩(wěn)定，
increasing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
增加血液的攜氧能力。
A day after ceasing,
停止一天后，
heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize.
隨著血壓和心率的正?；?，心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始下降。
After two days,
兩天后，
the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover.
負(fù)責(zé)嗅覺和味覺的神經(jīng)末梢開始恢復(fù)。
Lungs become healthier after about>大約一個(gè)月后肺部會(huì)變得更健康，
with less coughing and shortness of breath.
咳嗽少，呼吸急促。
The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks,
氣管和肺部的細(xì)毛狀纖毛在幾周內(nèi)就開始恢復(fù)，
and are restored after 9 months,
9個(gè)月后就恢復(fù)了，
improving resistance to infection.
提高對(duì)感染的抵抗力。
By the>在戒煙一周年的時(shí)候，
heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves.
隨著血管功能的改善，心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降到一半。
Five years in,
五年后，
the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines,
血栓形成的幾率急劇下降，
and the risk of stroke continues to reduce.
中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)繼續(xù)降低。
After ten years,
十年后，
the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%,
患致命肺癌的幾率降低了50%，
probably because the body's ability to repair DNA is>可能是因?yàn)樯眢w修復(fù)DNA的能力又一次恢復(fù)了。
Fifteen years in,
十五年后，
the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker.
患冠心病的可能性與非吸煙者的可能性基本相同.
There's no point pretending this is all easy to achieve.
假裝這一切都很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)是沒有意義的。
Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression,
戒煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁，
resulting from nicotine withdrawal.
尼古丁戒斷導(dǎo)致的。
But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary.
但幸運(yùn)的是，這種影響通常是暫時(shí)的。
And quitting is getting easier,
戒煙越來越容易，
thanks to a growing arsenal of tools.
多虧了越來越多的工具。
Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges,
尼古丁替代療法通過口香糖，皮膚貼片，氯硝唑，
and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes.
噴霧劑可以幫助煙民戒掉香煙。
They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms,
它們的作用是刺激大腦中的尼古丁受體，從而防止戒斷癥狀，
without the addition of other harmful chemicals.
不添加其他有害化學(xué)品。
Counselling and support groups,
咨詢和支助小組，
cognitive behavioral therapy,
認(rèn)知行為療法
and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free.
適度的強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)也可以幫助吸煙者保持無煙狀態(tài)。
That's good news,
真是個(gè)好消息,
since quitting puts you and your body.
因?yàn)榻錈煏?huì)讓你和你的身體恢復(fù)健康。
聯(lián)系客服
