TED英語(yǔ)演講課
給心靈放個(gè)假吧
不需要張口，嘗試與自己交談，只需在心里說(shuō)出你想說(shuō)的話。 如果你可以像這樣搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并獲得你想要的答案是一種怎樣的體驗(yàn)？ 在他的新技術(shù)的第一次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)公開演示中，TED研究員Arnav Kapur介紹了AlterEgo：一種可穿戴的AI設(shè)備，可以讓你默默地與計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)交談并獲取信息，就像你腦子里的聲音一樣。 這種新型人機(jī)交互影響將會(huì)非常深遠(yuǎn)。
Ever since computers were invented, we've been trying to make them smarter and more powerful. From the abacus, to room-sized machines, to desktops, to computers in our pockets. And are now designing artificial intelligence to automate tasks that would require human intelligence. If you look at the history of computing, we've always treated computers as external devices that compute and act on our behalf. What I want to do is I want to weave computing, AI and internet as part of us. As part of human cognition, freeing us to interact with the world around us. Integrate human and machine intelligence right inside our own bodies to augment us, instead of diminishing us or replacing us.
自從發(fā)明電腦以來(lái)， 我們一直嘗試使它們 更聰明、更強(qiáng)大。從算盤到房間大小的電腦， 再?gòu)淖郎闲偷侥芊胚M(jìn)口袋里的電腦。如今正在發(fā)展中的人工智慧 能夠自動(dòng)執(zhí)行 需要人類智慧的任務(wù)。從計(jì)算機(jī)的演變史來(lái)看， 電腦始終被視為 代替我們計(jì)算和執(zhí)行的外部設(shè)備。我想要把計(jì)算、人工智慧 和網(wǎng)路，整合成我們內(nèi)在的一部分， 成為人類認(rèn)知過(guò)程的一部分， 讓我們自由地與周圍的世界互動(dòng)。將人類與機(jī)器智慧結(jié)合起來(lái)， 從內(nèi)在去補(bǔ)強(qiáng)我們， 而不是削弱或取代我們。
Could we combine what people do best, such as creative and intuitive thinking, with what computers do best, such as processing information and perfectly memorizing stuff? Could this whole be better than the sum of its parts?
我們能不能把人類的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)， 例如創(chuàng)造性和直覺思維， 與電腦的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)， 例如資訊處理和完美記憶， 結(jié)合在一起呢？一旦整合，是否比各項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì) 加總起來(lái)更好呢？
We have a device that could make that possible. It's called AlterEgo, and it's a wearable device that gives you the experience of a conversational AI that lives inside your head, that you could talk to in likeness to talking to yourself internally. We have a new prototype that we're showing here, for the first time at TED, and here's how it works.
我們做了一個(gè)設(shè)備來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)理想。它叫做 AlterEgo （改變自我）， 是一種穿戴式設(shè)備， 藉由它你可以體驗(yàn)與你腦中的 人工智慧對(duì)話， 就像你與內(nèi)在自我對(duì)話那樣容易。今天展示的是一個(gè)新的原型機(jī)， 第一次出現(xiàn)在 TED ， 這是它的原理。
Normally, when we speak, the brain sends neurosignals through the nerves to your internal speech systems, to activate them and your vocal cords to produce speech. One of the most complex cognitive and motor tasks that we do as human beings. Now, imagine talking to yourself without vocalizing, without moving your mouth, without moving your jaw, but by simply articulating those words internally. Thereby very subtly engaging your internal speech systems, such as your tongue and back of your palate. When that happens, the brain sends extremely weak signals to these internal speech systems.
通常，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)話時(shí)， 大腦發(fā)送神經(jīng)信號(hào)，通過(guò)神經(jīng)， 到達(dá)你內(nèi)部的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)， 使你的聲帶動(dòng)起來(lái)，發(fā)出話語(yǔ)； 那是我們?nèi)祟愃?最復(fù)雜的認(rèn)知和動(dòng)作之一。現(xiàn)在想像與自己對(duì)話， 不出聲，不動(dòng)嘴， 也不動(dòng)下巴， 就只在心中默念那樣。從而很巧妙地啟動(dòng) 你內(nèi)部的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)， 像是你的舌頭和軟顎。當(dāng)你這樣做時(shí)， 大腦會(huì)向內(nèi)部語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng) 發(fā)送極弱的信號(hào)。
AlterEgo has sensors, embedded in a thin plastic, flexible and transparent device that sits on your neck just like a sticker. These sensors pick up on these internal signals sourced deep within the mouth cavity, right from the surface of the skin. An AI program running in the background then tries to figure out what the user's trying to say. It then feeds back an answer to the user by means of bone conduction, audio conducted through the skull into the user's inner ear, that the user hears, overlaid on top of the user's natural hearing of the environment, without blocking it.
AlterEgo 的感測(cè)器嵌在 一個(gè)有彈性、透明塑膠薄片里， 像張貼紙貼在脖子上。這些感測(cè)器從我們的皮膚表面 接收來(lái)自口腔深處的內(nèi)部信號(hào)。在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的人工智慧程式 負(fù)責(zé)解讀使用者在表達(dá)什么。然后它透過(guò)骨傳導(dǎo)耳機(jī) 向使用者提供答案。使用者聽到的聲音 透過(guò)顱骨傳到使用者內(nèi)耳中， 與我們接收周遭環(huán)境的聽覺重疊， 兩者并行毫無(wú)阻礙。
The combination of all these parts, the input, the output and the AI, gives a net subjective experience of an interface inside your head that you could talk to in likeness to talking to yourself. Just to be very clear, the device does not record or read your thoughts. It records deliberate information that you want to communicate through deliberate engagement of your internal speech systems. People don't want to be read, they want to write. Which is why we designed the system to deliberately record from the peripheral nervous system. Which is why the control in all situations resides with the user.
這一整個(gè)輸入、輸出 和人工智慧的組合， 讓你對(duì)這個(gè)腦中的界面 得以有一個(gè)純?nèi)坏闹饔^體驗(yàn)， 如同你與自己交談那樣。我要清楚指出，該設(shè)備 不會(huì)記錄或閱讀你的想法。它只會(huì)記錄你選擇要 透過(guò)內(nèi)部語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng) 去溝通的特定信息。人們不想被讀心，他們想要表達(dá)。這就是為什么我們將這系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)成只去記錄從 周邊神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)的訊息。無(wú)論何種情況，主控權(quán) 都在使用者手上。
I want to stop here for a second and show you a live demo. What I'm going to do is, I'm going to ask Eric a question. And he's going to search for that information without vocalizing, without typing, without moving his fingers, without moving his mouth. Simply by internally asking that question. The AI will then figure out the answer and feed it back to Eric, through audio, through the device. While you see a laptop in front of him, he's not using it. Everything lives on the device. All he needs is that sticker device to interface with the AI and the internet. So, Eric, what's the weather in Vancouver like, right now? What you see on the screen are the words that Eric is speaking to himself right now. This is happening in real time.
我先暫停一下，來(lái)做一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)示范。我要問(wèn)艾瑞克一個(gè)問(wèn)題。他搜索答案時(shí) 不能出聲、不能打字、也不能動(dòng)手、 同時(shí)也不開口。純粹就是在內(nèi)心里提問(wèn)。人工智慧會(huì)找出答案， 通過(guò)語(yǔ)音和設(shè)備， 反饋給艾瑞克。他前面有一臺(tái)筆記型電腦， 可是他不會(huì)用到。所有一切都在裝置里。只要那片貼紙裝置能與人工智慧 和網(wǎng)路去互動(dòng)就夠了?？ㄆ諣枺喊鹂?，此刻 溫哥華的天氣怎樣？螢?zāi)簧系倪@些字 是此刻艾瑞克與他自己的對(duì)話。這是即時(shí)同步的紀(jì)錄。
Eric: It's 50 degrees and rainy here in Vancouver.
艾瑞克：溫哥華這里 50 度，下雨。
Arnav Kapur: What happened is that the AI sent the answer through audio, through the device, back to Eric.
卡普爾：剛剛這是人工智慧 透過(guò)語(yǔ)音及裝置將答案發(fā)送給艾瑞克。
What could the implications of something like this be? Imagine perfectly memorizing things, where you perfectly record information that you silently speak, and then hear them later when you want to, internally searching for information, crunching numbers at speeds computers do, silently texting other people. Suddenly becoming multilingual, so that you internally speak in one language, and hear the translation in your head in another. The potential could be far-reaching.
這樣的裝置會(huì)帶來(lái)什么影響？想像分毫不差的記憶力， 只要無(wú)聲地默念即可完美地記錄一切， 然后在需要時(shí)得以聆聽； 還能向內(nèi)搜索訊息， 以電腦的速度處理數(shù)字， 以及無(wú)聲地給他人發(fā)出簡(jiǎn)訊。還有突然通曉多種語(yǔ)言， 你在心里用一種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)話， 立即就在腦中聽到 另一種語(yǔ)言的翻譯。潛力深遠(yuǎn)。
There are millions of people around the world who struggle with using natural speech. People with conditions such as ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease, stroke and oral cancer, amongst many other conditions. For them, communicating is a painstakingly slow and tiring process.
全世界有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人 喪失與生俱來(lái)的語(yǔ)言能力。例如肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化或稱盧·賈里格癥 （俗稱漸凍人） 的患者， 還有中風(fēng)及口腔癌患者， 以及許多其他疾病的患者。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，溝通變得 艱苦、緩慢而累人。
This is Doug. Doug was diagnosed with ALS about 12 years ago and has since lost the ability to speak. Today, he uses an on-screen keyboard where he types in individual letters using his head movements. And it takes several minutes to communicate a single sentence. So we went to Doug and asked him what were the first words he'd like to use or say, using our system. Perhaps a greeting, like, 'Hello, how are you?' Or indicate that he needed help with something. What Doug said that he wanted to use our system for is to reboot the old system he had, because that old system kept on crashing.
這位是道格。大約 12 年前，道格 被診斷為漸凍人， 從此失去了說(shuō)話的能力。如今他使用螢?zāi)绘I盤， 用頭部動(dòng)作將英文字母逐一輸入。一個(gè)句子得花掉好幾分鐘。我們?nèi)フ业栏瘢?如果用我們的系統(tǒng)， 他要說(shuō)的第一句話是什么?；蛟S是「哈啰，你好嗎？」的問(wèn)候 或者表達(dá)他需要什么樣的幫助。道格說(shuō)他可以用我們的系統(tǒng) 去重新開機(jī)，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè) 舊系統(tǒng)老是死機(jī)。
We never could have predicted that. I'm going to show you a short clip of Doug using our system for the first time.
這完全出乎我們的意料。我要給你看道格第一次 使用我們系統(tǒng)的短片。
AK: What you just saw there was Doug communicating or speaking in real time for the first time since he lost the ability to speak. There are millions of people who might be able to communicate in real time like Doug, with other people, with their friends and with their families. My hope is to be able to help them express their thoughts and ideas.
卡普爾：你剛才看到的 是道格失去說(shuō)話的能力后 第一次能夠即時(shí)地溝通和說(shuō)話。有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人或許可以像道格這樣， 即時(shí)地與其他人、朋友和家人溝通。我希望能幫助他們表達(dá)想法和意見。
I believe computing, AI and the internet would disappear into us as extensions of our cognition, instead of being external entities or adversaries, amplifying human ingenuity, giving us unimaginable abilities and unlocking our true potential. And perhaps even freeing us to becoming better at being human.
我相信計(jì)算機(jī)，人工智慧和網(wǎng)路 能夠內(nèi)化成我們認(rèn)知的延伸， 不再是外部裝置或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手， 它們可以擴(kuò)大人類的聰明才智， 賦予我們難以想像的能力， 而且釋放我們的真正潛力。甚至可能還解放我們， 去善盡作為人類的本分。
Shoham Arad: Come over here. OK. I want to ask you a couple of questions, they're going to clear the stage. I feel like this is amazing, it's innovative, it's creepy, it's terrifying. Can you tell us what I think ... I think there are some uncomfortable feelings around this. Tell us, is this reading your thoughts, will it in five years, is there a weaponized version of this, what does it look like?
秀涵 · 阿瑞德：過(guò)來(lái)這里。好。我想問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題， 他們要清理那邊的舞臺(tái)。我覺得這很棒、很有創(chuàng)意， 也有點(diǎn)毛骨悚然、令人恐懼。你能告訴我們?yōu)槭裁础?我覺得這個(gè)發(fā)明引發(fā) 了一種令人不自在的感覺。請(qǐng)告訴我們，這個(gè)裝置是像讀心術(shù)嗎？是否在五年之內(nèi)， 會(huì)發(fā)展出一個(gè)武器化的版本？屆時(shí)它又會(huì)是什么樣子？
AK: So our first design principle, before we started working on this, was to not render ethics as an afterthought. So we wanted to bake ethics right into the design. We flipped the design. Instead of reading from the brain directly, we're reading from the voluntary nervous system that you deliberately have to engage to communicate with the device, while still bringing the benefits of a thinking or a thought device. The best of both worlds in a way.
卡普爾：我們開始研究前的 第一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)原則就是 不要等到最后才考慮道德問(wèn)題。因此我們一開始就把 道德規(guī)范納入其中。我們翻轉(zhuǎn)了設(shè)計(jì)。與其直接從腦部讀取資料， 改成從自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)去讀取， 由你決定與裝置分享溝通那些資訊， 仍能享有思考裝置的好處。將人工與人類智慧結(jié)合得兩全其美。
SA: OK, I think people are going to have a lot more questions for you. Also, you said that it's a sticker. So right now it sits just right here? Is that the final iteration, what the final design you hope looks like?
阿瑞德：嗯，我想大家一定 有更多問(wèn)題要問(wèn)你。此外，你說(shuō)它是貼紙?，F(xiàn)在就貼這里嗎？這是目前最新的版本嗎？你希望最終的設(shè)計(jì)是什么樣的？
AK: Our goal is for the technology to disappear completely.
卡普爾：我們的目標(biāo)是讓技術(shù)隱身。
SA: What does that mean?
什么意思？
AK: If you're wearing it, I shouldn't be able to see it. You don't want technology on your face, you want it in the background, to augment you in the background. So we have a sticker version that conforms to the skin, that looks like the skin, but we're trying to make an even smaller version that would sit right here.
卡普爾：意思是， 你穿戴著它，我卻看不出來(lái)。因?yàn)闆]有人希望它清楚秀在你的臉上， 而是要它隱身于后，增強(qiáng)你的能力。所以我們做了一個(gè)貼紙版本， 看起來(lái)像皮膚。但我們正努力制作更小的版本， 可以貼在這里。
SA: OK. I feel like if anyone has any questions they want to ask Arnav, he'll be here all week. OK, thank you so much, Arnav.
阿瑞德：好的。我覺得如果每個(gè)人都能提問(wèn)的話， 阿納夫可能得在這里待上一個(gè)星期。非常感謝你，阿納夫。
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