《英語語法句法竅門》之33講:獨立主格和分詞短語口訣三則
在改寫或簡化狀語從句時,什么情況下用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),什么情況下用分詞短語,如何區(qū)分?如何判斷?如何使用?
(A)
主從主語皆相同,分詞短語作狀語,
連詞從主應(yīng)省去。主從主語如不同,
獨立主格作狀語,從主不省要牢記。
例句:
1)When she heard the good news,she couldn’t helplaughing.
2)If time permits,I’ll dance with you.
上兩句可改為:①Hearing the good news,she couldn’thelp laughing.
當主句主語和從句主語是相同的人或物時,我們可以用分詞短語來代替從句,將原來從句中的連詞和主語省去。例1)中主句和從句的主語都是she,是相同的,故可用分詞短語來代替從句。
例2)可改成:
Time permitting,I’ll dance with you.
很明顯,當主句的主語和從句的主語不同,不是同一人或物時,我們可用獨立主格來代替從句。從句的連詞省去。原來從句中與主句不一致的主語保留,作為獨立主格的邏輯主語。例2)中從句的主語是time與主語I不同,故用獨立主語。
(B)
主動語態(tài)用ing,被動語態(tài)用ed。
主動語態(tài)的從句,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語代替,常常位于句首。如:They didn’t go to the Summer Palace because they had alot of work to do.
轉(zhuǎn)換為:Having a lot of work to do,they didn’t go to theSummer Palace.
被動語態(tài)的從句,用過去分詞短語代替,一般置于句首。如:
As we are led by our great Party,we have won one victory after another.
轉(zhuǎn)換為:Led by our great Party,we have won one victory after another.
(C)
被動如為完成或進行,用現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式勿忘記。
1)After we had been shown the labs,we were taken tosee the library.
2)As the room was being painted,we had to stay outside.
例1)轉(zhuǎn)換為:Having been shown the labs,we were taken to see the library.
例2)轉(zhuǎn)換為:The room being painted,we had to stayoutside.