1. 構(gòu)成
一般式 doing 被動(dòng)式 being done
完成式 having done
完成被動(dòng)式 having been done
注：[done]讀音不要讀成蕩~~不然就很惡心了，dung
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是由not 加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。
2. 一般式和完成式：
Being a student, he was interested in politics.
作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)政治很感興趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式：
The question being discussed is very important.
正在被討論的問題很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
他從來沒談起過他被記者采訪的事情。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
被老師批評(píng)以后，他把煙戒了。
★Your shoes need cleaning. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
= Your shoes need to be cleaned.
This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一看。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的語(yǔ)法作用
1)現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)：
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。
Saying is easier than doing. 說比做容易。
★There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 歷史車輪不可阻擋。
2) 現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)：
The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令人困惑。
3) 現(xiàn)在分詞作 賓語(yǔ)：
① 現(xiàn)在分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建議用另一種方法做這件事。
We enjoy attending Miss Li's class. 我們喜歡聽李老師的課。
suggest sb. to do
② 現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常用在一些短語(yǔ)的后面。如：
I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反對(duì)邀請(qǐng)他來吃飯。
They don’t feel like walking that much. 他們不喜歡走那么多路。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個(gè)著名的畫家。
look forward to, 渴望，盼望object to反對(duì)，抗議做。。,
be proud of, think of, dream of,
hear of, be ashamed of。羞于。。
be fond of,喜歡做。。 be afraid of,
be tired of, 不喜歡，厭煩。。
prevent…from,防止，阻止， keep…from, 防止，阻止。。
stop…from,
thank…for, excuse…for,be responsible for,對(duì)。。負(fù)責(zé)
aim at, 目的在于。。set about , 著手去做。。
be/get used to, 習(xí)慣于做 devote…to ,某人獻(xiàn)身于。。
be engaged in,從事于。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)氣，表主動(dòng)succeed in, be interested in,
depend on, 依賴，依靠 insist on ,
★I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.
我在和外國(guó)人交談方面沒有什么困難。
He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.
他過去常花很多時(shí)間玩游戲。
What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？
4) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)：
①如：
reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 flying fish 飛魚
waiting room 候車室 singing competition 歌詠比賽
sleeping car 臥 車 a sleeping child 一個(gè)酣睡的孩子
dining car 餐 車 a boring speech 令人乏味的演出
a waiting car 一輛等待著的車
the exciting news令人振奮的消息
②如：
Who is the man standing by the door? 站在門邊的男人是誰(shuí)？
They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。
5) 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)：
① 如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。（Seeing those pictures, ）she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了。。
這里有while ---連續(xù)性動(dòng)作，第二個(gè)例子是瞬間性動(dòng)作，前后動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。所以沒有while。
②如：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞--原因狀語(yǔ)
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
插入語(yǔ) 因太激動(dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒睡著。
③ 如：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
口訣：主謂賓 逗號(hào)“，”+doing（表示其結(jié)果），逗號(hào)前就是原因。
④如：伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)次要的動(dòng)作。不考慮時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、目的。
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walkingslowly.
年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。
（坑）逗號(hào)是因?yàn)榘逊衷~掛前面了，仍表手牽手的伴隨動(dòng)作。
⑤如：條件狀語(yǔ)，讓步狀語(yǔ)。
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
不要當(dāng)成定語(yǔ)修飾前者（因?yàn)閣ill就變成條件狀語(yǔ)） 一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。
（此處是盡管而不是如果，后面要我賠償損失是既成事實(shí)）
⑥如：with(without)+名詞+Ving表與后面的主句是同時(shí)進(jìn)行，也是種伴隨動(dòng)作。
His hair became grey with the years passing.
隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
6) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。
observe (see) sb doing sth.
ing表強(qiáng)調(diào)！正在進(jìn)行的那個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作！注：不能當(dāng)作為賓語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ).
