一、高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型
1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子完整性
3、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問(wèn)題
4、上下文語(yǔ)意和代詞
5、介詞 固定搭配
6、固定（習(xí)慣）用法
7、形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級(jí)是否正確；
8、冠詞。取舍與選擇是否正確
9、連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞
10、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確
短文改錯(cuò)口訣
短文改錯(cuò)要做好，常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型要記牢。
名詞愛(ài)考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯(cuò)”，“多”，“少”。
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂搭配莫錯(cuò)了。
連，代，形，副錯(cuò)一樣，多是故意來(lái)混淆。
介詞多半考搭配，多，漏，誤用想周到。
句法涉及到“一致”，從句多考關(guān)系詞。
語(yǔ)法句法均未錯(cuò)，邏輯推理去尋找。
二、命題趨勢(shì)
詞法錯(cuò)誤、句法錯(cuò)誤和行文邏輯，
1.一致關(guān)系：包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致等。
2.平行結(jié)構(gòu)：包括動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配等。常由并列連詞或詞組連接。如：and， or ， but，neither…nor…, as well as 等.
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法：如to的省略，過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的誤用等。
4．多余詞：常常是介詞、副詞等的多余。
5．詞性的混用。
6．行文邏輯判斷等。
“短文改錯(cuò)意識(shí)原則”表
| 個(gè)數(shù)/類(lèi)型 | 10 | 改錯(cuò)具體內(nèi)容 |
|---|---|---|
| 多缺詞 | 2-3 | be的各種形式、介詞、冠詞、不定式符號(hào)、三大從句引出詞、代詞、副詞、固定搭配中的虛詞 |
| 錯(cuò)詞 | 8-7 | 連詞、 三大從句引導(dǎo)詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等 |
嘗試原則表
| 類(lèi)型 | 具體內(nèi)容 |
|---|---|
| 動(dòng)詞 | 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞） |
| 名詞 | 可數(shù)不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù) |
| 冠詞 | 到底是用定冠詞、不定冠詞還是零冠詞 |
| 連詞 | 行文邏輯即上下文意義是否連貫一致；三大從句引出詞是否正確 |
| 詞性 | 斷定所需詞到底是形容詞還是副詞或名詞 |
三、短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型:
（一） 詞法的測(cè)試
1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語(yǔ)是否一致。
eg: 1）I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
2）Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動(dòng)講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exercise作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。
3）Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. 代詞：對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，?？嫉拇~包括人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問(wèn)代詞等。
1）He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來(lái)代，故應(yīng)將her改為him.
2）This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行詞前有最高級(jí)修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。
3. 冠詞：英語(yǔ)中只有三個(gè)冠詞，但用起來(lái)卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒(méi)有用，不該用時(shí)卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a（n）卻用了the.
1）I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.
2） I like playing the football. 去the
3） He is a honest boy. a改為an
4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，
介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
1） I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for.
2） …I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.
3） Under the help of my father, I … under 改為 with
4） He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為on
5. 形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。
1） I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來(lái)修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名詞
2） These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.（NMET2007）
此處有I’ve ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.
3） You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為easily.
4） These books are very worth reading. 用well 修飾
6. 連詞：短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否 符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性一致問(wèn)題。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1）As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。
2）The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個(gè)并列分句不存在意義上的折，
所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。
7. 動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤; 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。
1） 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí).
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改為 play; for 改為with
2） 易混動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意為“說(shuō)服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he
didn’t listen可知，勸說(shuō)并沒(méi)有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用
raise your hands.這屬于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的誤用。
3） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞，將see改為seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. （sth）.doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形，不能直接用to.
8. 詞語(yǔ)固定搭配:
主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1） My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫(xiě)日記”.
2） In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3） I thought that was dull to watch a game…（NMET2005）
此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
4） …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：
not only… but also…為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and 改為but.
5） I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty （in） doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
6） He spends too much time play games.
spend some time （in） doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
（二） 句法的測(cè)試：
1. 主謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)上的一致；
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2. 名詞性從句；
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無(wú)任何意義，而后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。
3. 定語(yǔ)從句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改為 which
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that
5. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。
（三）語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試 語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試包括：
1.上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；
2.上下文中的代詞是否一致；
3.上下文中的邏輯是否一致；
4.上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。
四、復(fù)習(xí)建議：
除了多做改錯(cuò)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)外，也要做與短文改錯(cuò)題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比如：1.在平時(shí)寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。2.還可以通過(guò)看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時(shí)也可有意識(shí)地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯(cuò)”。3.平時(shí)還可以多進(jìn)行單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，逐漸體會(huì)和把握短文改錯(cuò)這一題型的規(guī)律。
（一）改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來(lái)就改，這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目標(biāo)是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)及行文邏輯。記敘文強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件四要素，在通讀全文理解全文的同時(shí)把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯(cuò)誤先改好
（二）分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)。在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個(gè)句子，這時(shí)就要對(duì)文中的詞法、句法和語(yǔ)篇（詳見(jiàn)考查要點(diǎn)）角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及 到以上錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型的詞多斟酌一下。
（三）做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無(wú)不符合邏輯,語(yǔ)句不通暢,不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題。
改錯(cuò)真題
1.（2011·陜西卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I
came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my
camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the
time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I
was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right
there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck-not only did I had my photo
taken wuth him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
2.（2011·全國(guó)II）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
Dear George,
It's been a week after we left your family and we are now 76._______
back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 77.______
your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 78._______
we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C., 79._______
where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond 80._______
of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 81．________
another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 82.________
work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It 83．________
was really a nice experience. If you'd like to make trip to 84._______
our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._______
Yours,
Mike
3.（2011·四川卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
Tom was having much troubles getting up in the 66.
Morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to 67.
fire him if he didn’t start coming on time,but he went to 68.
the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some 69.
medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. 70.
The man did is told and slept.leally will,wake up before 71.
the alam had even gone off.He had time for a properly 72.
breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.”Boss,”he 73.
said ,”that medicine really works!””I’m pleasing to hear 74.
it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?”
4.（2011·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）
My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a
ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to
Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag
from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my
money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange
to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots
of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
5.（2011·重慶卷） 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1份，滿(mǎn)分10分）
Today is Sunday .I′ve been in Canada for two months .
This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a 76.
long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77.
soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 78.
many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 79.
friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 80.
is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81.
usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised 82.
that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 83.
we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 84.
will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85.
to China several times.I just can’t wait.
【答案】
1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I
came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my
making actors
camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get ∧. Unfortunately,
so/and it
by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen
had
everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out ∧ a
anywhere disappointed of
building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck-not only
did I had my photo taken wuth him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
have
2.（2011·全國(guó)II）
76.after---since 77.them---us 78.for---with 79.正確 80.去掉much 81.staying---stay
82.day----days 83.fly---flew 84.trip前a 85.better----more
3.（2011·四川卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
66、改troubles為trouble 67、改with 為for 68、改but 為so
69、去a 70、改them 為it 71、改wake為waking
72、改properly為proper 73、reach前加to 74、改pleasing為pleased
75、√
4.（2011·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）
My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a
buy改為buying
ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to
here改為there
Xiamen for∧ long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag
for后加A but改為and
from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my
money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange
on改為in，was改為were
to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots
luggages改為luggage friend改為friend’s
of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
feel改為felt
5.（2011·重慶卷） 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1份，滿(mǎn)分10分）
Today is Sunday .I′ve been in Canada for two months .
This is the first time that I′ve been away ^ my family for such a 76. from
long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77. mine
soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 78. living
many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 79. is
friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 80. met
is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81. hard
usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised 82. families
that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 83. and
we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 84. the
will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85. whom
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