1. Accelerated Vaccine Development
迅猛發(fā)展的流行病防御疫苗
Spurred by the 2014 African Ebola epidemic and bacterial meningococcal outbreaks in the U.S., vaccine development has accelerated at unprecedented rates. The most promising Ebola vaccine emerged in only 12 months and could be available for human use this year.
2014年非洲埃博拉疫情肆虐和美國腦膜炎球菌感染的流行，促使疫苗研發(fā)以前所未有的速度加速進(jìn)行。僅12個月，最具潛力的埃博拉病毒疫苗就已經(jīng)問世，而且今年有可能供人類使用。
2. Genomics-based Clinical Trials
基于基因組學(xué)的臨床試驗
Genetic profiling will fundamentally overhaul clinical trial speed, flexibility and access. Desperate patients with specific and deadly disease mutations will be directed more quickly to the most promising experimental treatments.
遺傳特征分析將在根本上徹底改變臨床試驗的速度，適應(yīng)性和參與利用；這將指導(dǎo)患有特異性和致命性疾病突變的絕望患者，更迅速地得到最有前途的實驗性治療。
3. Gene Editing Using CRISPR
利用CRISPR技術(shù)的基因編輯
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), which cheaply identify and remove defective genes from a DNA strand, are driving hope among genetic disease patients. This year, gene editing labs will continue to pioneer DNA alteration in human embryos.
成簇規(guī)律性間隔短回文重復(fù)序列(CRISPR)技術(shù)，可以廉價地識別和剔除DNA鏈上缺陷的基因；本技術(shù)正在為遺傳疾病患者帶來希望。今年，基因編輯實驗室將繼續(xù)開拓人類胚胎DNA的改造。
4. Naturally Controlled Artificial Limbs
自然控制的假肢
The potential for brain-machine interfaces (BMI) and computer-controlled prosthetics gained momentum with the discovery that neural signals associated with limb movement can be decoded electronically. Researchers have demonstrated that sensors implanted in the brain can direct artificial limbs, wheelchairs and full-body exoskeletons.
肢體運動相關(guān)性神經(jīng)信號能夠被電子解碼的發(fā)現(xiàn)，使腦機介面(BMI)和計算機控制假肢的發(fā)展?jié)摿蓊^增加；研究人員已經(jīng)顯示植入大腦的傳感器可以直接地控制假肢，輪椅和全身外骨骼的運動。
5. Infectious Disease Prevention via Water Purification
通過水質(zhì)凈化預(yù)防傳染病
New waste treatment plants affordably convert human waste to safe drinking water while simultaneously generating electricity, offering hope to 700 million people needlessly exposed to preventable infectious diseases.
新型廢物處理廠在發(fā)電的同時，經(jīng)濟(jì)地把人類排泄物轉(zhuǎn)化為安全的飲用水；為本不該暴露于可預(yù)防性傳染病的7億人帶來希望。
6. Frictionless Remote Monitoring
和緩的遙感監(jiān)測
Needle-free glucose monitoring and a bandage that reads sweat molecules to diagnose pregnancy are just two concepts that seamlessly place vital data in a patient's hands. For diabetics, this could lead to a skin-top biosensor that eliminates the need to monitor glucose levels traditionally.
無針式血糖監(jiān)測以及能讀取汗液分子進(jìn)行妊娠診斷的綁帶，這只是為患者不斷地提供重要數(shù)據(jù)的兩個設(shè)想。對于糖尿病患者，這可能會發(fā)展為取代傳統(tǒng)血糖濃度監(jiān)測的皮表生物傳感器。
7. Cell-free Fetal DNA Testing
無細(xì)胞胎兒DNA檢測
Cell-free Fetal DNA Testing, which predicts Down and Edwards' syndromes more accurately than standard blood tests and ultrasounds, could substantially allay expecting parents' fears about genetic abnormalities and diseases.
與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)血液測試和超聲波比較，無細(xì)胞胎兒DNA檢測能更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測唐氏(Down)綜合征和愛德華氏(Edwards)綜合征；使期待孩子的父母大大減輕了對基因異常和遺傳疾病的擔(dān)憂。
8. Cancer Screening via Protein Biomarker Analysis
蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)志物分析篩查癌癥
Protein biomarker analysis, which generates real-time information on cancer's presence rather than examining genetic mutations, reportedly offers more accurate screenings and higher early detection rates by focusing on structural changes of certain proteins in the blood.
蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)志物分析能夠提供癌癥存在的實時信息，而不是檢查基因突變；通過著眼于血液中某些蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化，據(jù)報道它能夠供更準(zhǔn)確的篩查和更高的早期檢出率。
9. Neurovascular Stent Retrievers
神經(jīng)血管支架取栓裝置
These tiny, wire-caged devices inserted through a catheter and threaded through the bloodstream, eliminate blood clots more easily and quickly than traditional drug treatments, allowing speedier recoveries and improved chances of regaining independence.
這些微小的，經(jīng)導(dǎo)管順血流插入的絲籠狀裝置，能夠比傳統(tǒng)藥物治療更容易迅速地排除血栓，從而使恢復(fù)更迅速，并提高重獲獨立活動的機會。
10. First Treatment for HSDD
首款HSDD 治療藥物
In 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved flibanserin, the first medication to treat female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), or loss of sexual desire in premenopausal women. The medication is not an aphrodisiac. It is intended to restore sexual desire in women with HSDD to a personal baseline.
2015年，美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)批準(zhǔn)了第一個治療女性性欲亢奮障礙(HSDD)的藥物，氟班色林(flibanserin)。本藥不是春藥，其目的是使HSDD的女性性欲恢復(fù)到個體基線。
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