Marginal utility: The least important use to which a unit of a contemplated supply of identical goods can be put. It is this least importantor marginal use which is weighed or considered when one chooses to increase or decrease his supply by one unit, since this is the use (or value) which is tobe obtained or renounced.
邊際效用：預(yù)期一定量的同質(zhì)商品被投入使用時(shí)，最不重要的那個(gè)用途。當(dāng)一個(gè)人選擇增加或減少他的一單位供給時(shí)，正是這個(gè)最不重要的或邊際用途會(huì)被權(quán)衡或考慮，因?yàn)橐@得或放棄的正是這個(gè)用途（或價(jià)值）。
Marginal theory of value: The theory that the value assignedto any good is the importance attached to its use in removing some felt uneasiness and that the value of any unit of a supply of identical goods is the value assigned to the least important(or marginal)use for which the contemplated number of available units are expected to be used. This is so because a judgment of value always refers solely to the supply with which aconcrete choice is concerned, for it is only the use of this specific (marginal)supply that one must decide to acquire or forego. Since each additional unit of an identical good will be allocated to a lesser valued use than was previously possible, the value attached to each additional(marginal) unit will be lowerthan that assigned to previously held units. Conversely, with each decrease inthe number of units held, there will be an increase in the value of the least important(marginal) use to which the decreased available supply can be applied.The marginal theory of value is the subjective theory of value which is basic to all the theories of Austrian School of Economics.
邊際價(jià)值理論：賦予任何商品的價(jià)值，是它被用于消除被感知到的某些不適時(shí)所具有的重要性。對(duì)任何一定數(shù)量的同質(zhì)（identical）商品，其任何單位的價(jià)值是賦予最不重要（邊際）的那個(gè)用途的價(jià)值，在該用途上，預(yù)計(jì)在預(yù)期中可得的一定數(shù)量單位將會(huì)被使用。之所以如此，是因?yàn)閮r(jià)值的判斷總是，并且唯一地是與具體的選擇所涉及的供給有關(guān)，因?yàn)橹挥性谑褂眠@一特定的（邊際）供給時(shí)，人們才需要決定獲取還是放棄。因?yàn)槊恳恍略鰡挝坏耐|(zhì)商品都會(huì)被分配到相較之前可能的用途而言較為次要的用途中，每一新增（邊際）單位的價(jià)值將低于賦予之前所持單位的價(jià)值。相反，隨著所持單位的每一減少，最不重要的（邊際）用途的價(jià)值將會(huì)增加，可用于該用途的可得供給現(xiàn)在減少了。邊際價(jià)值理論是構(gòu)成奧派經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所有理論之基礎(chǔ)的主觀理論。（英文選自米塞斯《人的行動(dòng)》英文版附錄 Mises Made Easier:A Glossary to Luddwig von Mises’ Human Action，作者為PercyL.Greaves,Jr 朱海就翻譯）
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