時態(tài)的一致主要是指在主從復(fù)合句中，主句與從句之間的時態(tài)一致通常主句的時態(tài)決定從句的時態(tài)。原則是：當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時與將來時，從句的謂語根據(jù)具體情況可以使用任何時態(tài)。但是，當(dāng)主句謂語使用過去時，從句必須使用過去時態(tài)。如下表：
教學(xué)難點
1、賓語從句和間接引語與主句的時態(tài)一致，符合上述原則。但如果賓語從句表示客觀事實和真理，即使主句謂語用過去時，從句的謂語也應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時：如：
Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous
我們老師告訴我們一知半解是危險的。
He said that light travels faster than sound.
他說光傳播速度比聲音快。
2、有些形容詞后可以跟從句，這種從句?？闯少e語從句，它的主、從句時態(tài)也符合上述原則。這些形容詞有：afraid, glad, sure, sorry, certain, aware, confident, delighted, lucky, surprised, worried。如：
I’m sure that he will succeed.
3、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句也要與主句的時態(tài)一致。如：
That is why he was late for school.
例題：
1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown.
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. would go
2. ________ a letter from him since he left.
A. haven’t got B. didn’t receive C. didn’t have D. haven’t feel
3. When I came in, they______ games in the room.
A. were playing B. are playing C. played D. plays
4. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
在英語中，須通過動詞的某種形式來表明句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是動作的承受者，前一種句子是主動句，后一種是被動句。
英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作是執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。如：
They build this school.
They school is built by them.
1、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
“助動詞 +（及物動詞的）過去分詞”構(gòu)成動詞被動語態(tài)的形式。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。如：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.（一般現(xiàn)在時）
The thief was arrested.（一般過去時）
A new road is being built outside my house.（現(xiàn)在進行時）
The man was being questioned by the police.（過去進行時）
Your wallet has been found.（現(xiàn)在完成時）
By the time we got there. The work had been finished.（過去完成時）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma.（過去將來時）
Your watch will be repaired.（一般將來時）
教學(xué)難點：
在英語里，有一些動詞是不及物動詞，后面不能跟賓語，所以沒有被動語態(tài)。以下動詞只有主動語態(tài)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
appear, die, happen, fall, arrive.
2、五種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例
① 一般現(xiàn)在時
A lot of books are kept in our school library.
Radio is used in everyday life.
② 一般過去時
A thief was caught last night.
They were asked to speak at the meeting.
③ 現(xiàn)在進行時
A new library is being put up in their school now.
The watch is being repaired.
④ 一般將來時
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.
The thieves will be arrested.
⑤ 現(xiàn)在完成時
My bag has been stolen.
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.
3、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)
① 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。
② 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。
③ 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語，放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必強調(diào)時，by短語可以省略。
④ 主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)兩種時態(tài)要保持一致。如：
We repaired the motor.
The motor was repaired by us.
4、幾種不同形式的被動語態(tài)
（1）含有直接賓語和間接賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，可以將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般是主動結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，這樣句子顯得自然一些。如：
He showed me his pictures.
I was shown his pictures by him.
I was sent a birthday present (by him).
A birthday present was sent to me (by him).
（2）含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒ā?/p>
① 將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補足語保留不動。如：
They call her little Li. She is called little Li.
He left the door open. The door was left open by him.
② make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, have, notice, help等動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式一般不帶to，可是當(dāng)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，后面的不定式必須帶to。如：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young.
③ 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，是由“情態(tài)動詞 + be +（及物動詞的）過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
They can not find him.
He can not be found.
④ 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)
一般說來，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才可能有動作的承受者。但有許多由不及物動詞加介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，因而也可以有被動語態(tài)。但應(yīng)注意，短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。如：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.
They will set up a new public school here.
A new public school will be set up here.
You must take good care of these trees.
These trees must be taken good care of.
被動語態(tài)的基本用法
① 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。如：
Paper is made from wood.
The house is quite old, it was built in 1950.
He was wounded in the fight.
② 需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時。如：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam.
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away.
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
③ 為使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)，或由于修辭的需要使用被動語態(tài)使句子得以更好安排。如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
Electricity is used to run machines.
