總結(jié) 房顫的主要危害是卒中風(fēng)險升高,然而OAC可能造成出血。房顫卒中的危險因素主要包括年齡增高和高血壓等,出血風(fēng)險則主要與抗凝藥物的使用有關(guān)。 CHA2DS2-VASc評分和HAS-BLED評分分別用于房顫卒中風(fēng)險和出血風(fēng)險的評估,近年來更加重視基于生物標(biāo)志物進行出血風(fēng)險評分。要平衡房顫管理時的凝血和抗凝血,就得根據(jù)CHA2DS2-VASc評分和HAS-BLED評分結(jié)果實行“三步走”策略。 參考來源:[1]Tae-Hoon Kim,et al.Age Threshold for Ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation.Stroke.2018:49:00-00.doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021047.S[2]Mitsuru Ishii.Relationship of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure With the Risk of Stroke or Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Fushimi AF Registry.Am J Hypertens. 2017 Nov 1;30(11):1073-1082. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx094[3]Ruff C.T. et al.Cardiovascular Biomarker Score and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Subanalysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Cardiol.2016:1:999-1006[4]Hindricks G, et al.2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC.Eur Heart J.2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498.doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612.