1. 句子結構
疑問句通常包含一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句、反意疑問句四種形式。其中,反意疑問句的時態(tài)與人稱比較復雜,在中考中也容易設置陷阱,今天我們就來總結一下反意疑問句。
1. 句子結構
陳述句+附加疑問部分
其中,附加疑問部分:be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+陳述句主語對應的代詞
2. 語法原則
“前肯后否,前否后肯”(人稱和時態(tài)前后保持一致)
如:
3. 九大??继厥庥梅?
(1)當陳述句中出現(xiàn)no, nobody, never, none, neither等表否定含義的詞時,附加疑問部分用肯定形式。如:
◆ There is no rice in the bowl, is there?
(2)當陳述句中出現(xiàn)few, little, hardly, seldom等表示否定意義的詞時,附加疑問部分用肯定形式。如:
◆ There is little rice in the bowl, is there?
(3)當陳述句是There be句型的時候,附加疑問句仍然用“there”。如:
◆ There is a cat in the tree, isn't there?
(4)當陳述句為“I'm”句型時,附加疑問部分用“aren't I”。如:
◆ I am your teacher now, aren't I?
(5)肯定祈使句的附加疑問部分用“will you”或“won't you”;否定祈使句的附加疑問部分只用“will you”。如:
◆ Open the window, will you/won't you?
◆ Don't go out, will you?
(6)以Let's開頭的祈使句,其附加疑問部分用“shall we”;以Let us/sb.開頭的祈使句,其附加疑問部分用“will you”。如:
◆ Let's go and play basketball, shall we?
◆ Let us have a rest, will you?
(7)當陳述句的主語是everything, something, anything, nothing表物的不定代詞時,附加疑問部分主語用“it”。如:
◆ Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?
(8)當陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody表人的不定代詞時,附加疑問部分主語用“they”。如:
◆ Everybody knows it, don't they?
(9)當陳述句中含“I think/believe/suppose/...”等結構時,附加疑問句須與從句的主、謂保持一致。(注:主句的主語必須是第一人稱)。
◆ I don't think he will come, will he?
4. 反意疑問句的問答
對反意疑問句的回答,如果事實是肯定的,就用yes;事實是否定的,就用no。如:
—You're not good at biology, are you?
—Yes, I am.
—Tim didn't go to school yesterday, did he?
—Yes, he did, though he caught a cold.
注意:陳述句部分是否定結構、附加疑問部分用肯定式提問時,回答yes或no與漢語意思正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。
5. 解題步驟
(1)找動詞
① 如果句中有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞,附加疑問部分也相應的用助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞。如:
◆ He is a student, isn't he?
② 如果句中沒有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞,只有實義動詞時,就要借助助動詞。如:
◆ She often gets up at 6:30 every morning, doesn't she?
(2)判斷附加疑問部分是肯定還是否定,采用“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原則。如:
The students have planted many trees, haven't they?
(3)附加疑問句部分主語要用人稱代詞主格。如:
The boy can't swim, can he?
(內容由萬唯教育原創(chuàng)編輯)
★ 本期思考環(huán)節(jié):
(1)反意疑問句的語法原則你還記得嗎?
(2)反意疑問句的問答部分究竟是肯定還是否定,是考試中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)的陷阱題,你弄懂了嗎?