天氣轉(zhuǎn)涼
該囤點脂肪過冬了
西餐，韓國料理，日本料理風靡中國，但是，作為博大精深的中國文化的一部分，我也希望中國菜出現(xiàn)在世界的各個角落。
除了成語、古詩和中藥，就是中文的菜名最難翻譯，比如“紅燒獅子頭”（Stewed Pork Ball in Brown Sauce）、“回鍋肉”（Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili）、“糖醋排骨”（Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs）等等。
象中國詩詞，出色的翻譯也只能傳達給外國人基本含義，中國菜也不例外。我們總結了以下規(guī)則在翻譯中國菜名時可供參考：
翻 譯 技 巧
一
以主料為主，配料或配汁為輔的翻譯原則
1. 菜肴的主料和配料
主料(名稱/形狀) with 配料
如：松仁香菇 Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts
2.菜肴的主料和配汁
主料 with /in 湯汁(Sauce)
如：冰梅涼瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce
二
以烹制方法為主，原料為輔的翻譯原則
1.菜肴的做法和主料
做法(動詞過去分詞) 主料(名稱/形狀)
如：拌雙耳 Tossed Black and White Fungus
2.菜肴的做法、主料和配料
做法(動詞過去分詞) 主料(名稱/形狀) 配料
如：豌豆辣牛肉 Sautéed Spicy Beef and Green Peas
3.菜肴的做法、主料和湯汁
做法(動詞過去分詞) 主料(名稱/形狀) with /in 湯汁
如：川北涼粉 Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce
三
以形狀、口感為主，原料為輔的翻譯原則
1.菜肴形狀或口感以及主配料
形狀/口感 主料
如：玉兔饅頭 Rabbit-Shaped Mantou 脆皮雞 Crispy Chicken
2.菜肴的做法、形狀或口感、做法以及主配料
做法(動詞過去分詞) 形狀/口感 主料 配料
如：小炒黑山羊 Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley
四
以人名、地名為主，原料為輔的翻譯原則
1.菜肴的創(chuàng)始人(發(fā)源地)和主料
人名(地名) 主料
如：
麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)
廣東點心 Cantonese Dim Sum
2.介紹菜肴的創(chuàng)始人(發(fā)源地)、主配料及做法
做法(動詞過去式) 主輔料 人名/地名 Style
如：四川辣子雞 Spicy Chicken, Sichuan Style 北京炸醬面 Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style
五
體現(xiàn)中國餐飲文化，使用漢語拼音命名或音譯的翻譯原則
1.具有中國特色且被外國人接受的傳統(tǒng)食品，本著推廣漢語及中國餐飲文化的原則，使用漢語拼音。
如：餃子 Jiaozi 包子 Baozi 饅頭 Mantou 花卷 Huajuan 燒麥 Shaomai
2.具有中國特色且已被國外主要英文字典收錄的，使用漢語方言拼寫或音譯拼寫的菜名，仍保留其原拼寫方式。
如：豆腐 Tofu 宮保雞丁 Kung Pao Chicken 餛飩 Wonton
3. 中文菜肴名稱無法體現(xiàn)其做法及主配料的，使用漢語拼音，并在后標注英文注釋。
如：
佛跳墻 Fotiaoqiang (Steamed Abalone with Shark's Fin and Fish Maw in Broth)
鍋貼 Guotie (Pan-Fried Dumplings)
窩頭 Wotou (Steamed Corn/Black Rice Bun)
蒸餃 Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings)
油條 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks)
湯圓 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)
粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)
元宵 Yuanxiao (Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival)
驢打滾兒 Lǘdagunr (Glutinous Rice Rolls Stuffed with Red Bean Paste)
豆汁兒 Douzhir (Fermented Bean Drink)
艾窩窩 Aiwowo (Steamed Rice Cakes with Sweet Stuffing)
六
可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)使用原則
菜單中的可數(shù)名詞基本使用復數(shù)，但在整道菜中只有一件或太細碎無法數(shù)清的用單數(shù)。
如：
蔬菜面 Noodles with Vegetables
蔥爆羊肉 Sautéed Lamb Slices with Scallion
七
介詞in和with在湯汁、配料中的用法
1.如主料是浸在湯汁或配料中時，使用in連接。
如：豉汁牛仔骨 Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce
2.如湯汁或蘸料和主料是分開的，或是后澆在主菜上的，則用with連接。
如：泡椒鴨絲 Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers
八
酒類的譯法原則
進口酒類的英文名稱仍使用其原文，國產(chǎn)酒類以其注冊的英文為準，如果酒類本身沒有英文名稱的，則使用其中文名稱的漢語拼音。
英 文 翻 譯
八大菜系
Eight Famous Cuisines
魯菜 Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
川菜 Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
粵菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
閩菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
蘇菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
常見菜譜
1.北京烤鴨 roast Beijing duck
2.辣子雞丁 saute diced chicken with hot peppers
3.宮爆雞丁 saute diced chicken with peanuts
4.紅燒鯉魚 braised common carp
5.茄汁蝦仁 saute fish slices with bamboo shoots
6.涮羊肉 instant boiled sliced mutton
7.糖醋里脊 pork fillets with sweet&sour sauce
8.炒木須肉 saute shredded pork with eggs&black fungus
9.榨菜肉絲湯 pork with Sichuan cabbage soup
10.生炒肚片 saute fish maw slices
11.回鍋肉 saute pork in hot sauce
12.糖醋排骨 saute chops with sweet&sour sauce
13.家常豆腐 fride beancurd with sliced pork&pepper
14.醋溜白菜 saute cabbage&pepper in sweet&sour sauce
15.魚香茄子 saute eggplant with fish flavor
16 麻婆豆腐 stwed beancurd with minced pork in pepper sauce
17.韭菜炒蛋 saute leek sprouts&eggs
面食與糕點
1肉/雞絲湯面 noodles in soup with pork/chicken
2.擔擔面 noodles with sesame paste&pea sprouts
3.龍須面 saute fine noodles with shredded chicken
4.炒米線 saute rice noodles with green bean sprouts
5.雜醬面 soy beans in minced meat&noodles
6.酸辣湯面 noodles in sour pungent soup
7.排骨面 soup noodles with pork rib
8.陽春面 noodles in superior soup
9.涼拌面 cool braised noodles
10.肉包 steamed meat dumpling
11.豆沙包 bean paste dumpling
12.水晶包 stuffde bread with lard&sugar
13.叉燒包 stuffed bread with roast pork
14.水煎包 lightly fried Chinese bread
15.花卷 twist
16.小籠包 steamed small meat dumpling in basket
17.餛飩 ravioli;hun-tun
18.大餅 bannock
19.油條 twistde cruller
20.豆腐腦 beancurd jelly
21.茶葉蛋 egg boiled with salt&tea
22.八寶飯 steamed glutinous rice with eight treasures
23.蔥油餅 green onion pie
24.黃橋燒餅 crisp short cakes
25.月餅 moon cake
26.酒釀 sweet ferment rice
27.麻花 fried dough twist
28.元宵 rice glue ball
中式早點
燒餅 Clay oven rolls
油條 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水餃 Boiled dumplings
蒸餃 Steamed dumplings
饅頭 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
飯團 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋餅 Egg cakes
皮蛋 100-year egg
咸鴨蛋 Salted duck egg
豆?jié){ Soybean milk
稀飯 Rice porridge
白飯 Plain white rice
油飯 Glutinous oil rice
糯米飯 Glutinous rice
鹵肉飯 Braised pork rice
蛋炒飯 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
餛飩面 Wonton ＆ noodles
刀削面 Sliced noodles
麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles
麻醬面 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
烏龍面 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉絲面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蠣細面 Oyster thin noodles
板條 Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
魚丸湯 Fish ball soup
貢丸湯 Meat ball soup
蛋花湯 Egg ＆ vegetable soup
蛤蜊湯 Clams soup
牡蠣湯 Oyster soup
紫菜湯 Seaweed soup
酸辣湯 Sweet ＆ sour soup
餛飩湯 Wonton soup
豬腸湯 Pork intestine soup
肉羹湯 Pork thick soup
魷魚湯 Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup
愛玉 Vegetarian gelatin
糖葫蘆 Tomatoes on sticks
長壽桃 Longevity Peaches
芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls
麻花 Hemp flowers
雙胞胎 Horse hooves
點 心
牡蠣煎 Oyster omelet
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
油豆腐 Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd
蝦片 Prawn cracker
蝦球 Shrimp balls
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
碗糕 Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding
紅豆糕 Red bean cake
綠豆糕 Bean paste cake
糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes
蘿卜糕 Fried white radish patty
芋頭糕 Taro cake
肉圓 Taiwanese Meatballs
水晶餃 Pyramid dumplings
肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings
豆干 Dried tofu
冰 類
綿綿冰 Mein mein ice
麥角冰 Oatmeal ice
地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice
紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice
八寶冰 Eight treasures ice
豆花 Tofu pudding
果 汁
甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice
酸梅汁 Plum juice
楊桃汁 Star fruit juice
青草茶 Herb juice
雞鴨鴿
Poultry
1.脆皮炸子雞(半)Fried Chicken (Half)
2.紅燒石岐項鴿Roast Pigeon
3.豉油皇乳鴿Pigeon w/ Soy Sauce
4.姜蔥油淋雞(半)Green Onion Chicken (Half)
5.北京片皮鴨Peking Duck
6.酸甜明爐燒鴨(半)Roast Duck (Half)
7.檸檬雞球Lemon Chicken
8.西芹腰果雞球Vegetable Cashew Chicken
9.咖喱雞Curry Chicken
10.豉汁炒雞球Chicken w/ Black Bean Sauce
11.四川炒雞球Szechuan Chicken
12.菜遠雞球Chicken w/ Tender Green
13.宮保雞球Kung Pao Chicken
14.豉汁黃毛雞(半)Chicken w/ Soy Sauce
15.咕嚕雞Sweet & Sour Chicken
16.八珍發(fā)菜扒鴨(半)Combination Duck (Half)
17.子羅炒雞片Ginger & Pineapple Chicken
18.游龍戲鳳Chicken, Shrimp, Squid w/ Mixed Vegetable
19.龍鳳琵琶豆腐Egg, Chicken, Shrimp, Steam Tofu
豬牛肉類
Meat
1.酸甜咕嚕肉Sweet & Sour Pork
2.菜遠炒排骨Spareribs w/ Tender Green
3.豉椒排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean Sauce
4.涼瓜炆排骨Bitty Melon Spareribs
5.京都骨Peking Spareribs
6.椒鹽排骨Pepper Salt Spareribs
7.豉椒燜排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean, Pepper
8.菜遠炒牛肉Broccoli Beef
9.涼瓜炒牛肉Bitty Melon Beef
10.黑椒牛仔骨Black Pepper Short Rib
11.椒鹽牛仔骨Pepper Salt Short Rib
12.中式牛柳Chinese Style Beef
13.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef
14.干扁牛柳絲String Beef
15.檸檬牛肉Lemon beef
16.麻婆豆腐Mar-Boh Tofu
素菜類
Vegetarian
1.豪油冬菇Oyster Sauce Mushroom
2.什笙上素Bamboo Vegetable
3.紅燒豆腐Fried Tofu
4.炒素丁Vegetable Roll
5.羅漢腐皮卷Vegetable Egg Roll
6.素咕嚕肉Vegetarian Sweet and Sour
7.蒸山水豆腐Steam Tofu
8.鮮菇扒菜膽Mushroom Tender Green
9.炒雜菜Mixed Green Tender
10.清炒芥蘭Chinese Green Tender
11.鹽水菜心Salt Green Tender
12.干扁四季豆String Bean Western Style
13.上湯芥菜膽Mustard Green Tender
炒粉、面、飯
Rice Plate
1.龍蝦干燒伊面Lobster Teriyaki Noodle
2.上湯龍蝦撈面Lobster Noodle
3.楊州炒飯Yang Chow Fried Rice
4.蝦仁炒飯Shrimp Fried Rice
5.咸魚雞粒炒飯Salted Egg Chicken Fried Rice
6.蕃茄牛肉炒飯Tomato w/ Beef Fried Rice
7.廚師炒飯House Fried Rice
8.生菜絲炒牛肉飯Beef Fried Rice w/ Lettuce
9.招牌炒面House Chow Mein
10.雞球炒/煎面Chicken Chow Mein
11.蕃茄牛肉炒面Tomato Beef Chow Mein
12.海鮮炒/煎面Seafood Chow Mein
13.蝦子姜蔥撈面Ginger Green Onion Noodle
14.干燒伊面Teriyaki Noodle
15.雞絲上湯窩面Chicken Noodle Soup
16.菜遠炒牛河Vegetable Beef Chow Fun
17.豉椒排骨炒河Sparerib w/ Black Bean Chow Fun
18.星洲炒米粉Singapore Noodle (Hot Spice)
19.鴛鴦饅頭Shanghai Buns (12)
20.上湯水餃Dumpling Soup
21.上湯云吞Won Ton soup
22.絲苗白飯Steam Rice
甜 品
Dessert
1.雪哈紅蓮Bird Nest Red Bean Soup
2.椰汁燉雪哈Coconut Bird Nest
3.玫瑰紅豆沙Red Bean Soup
4.椰汁西米露Coconut Tapioca
5.百年好合Red Bean Fresh Lily Bulb
文拓視野 譯悅心靈
