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三彩馬是唐代雕塑藝術(shù)的典范。漢唐以來，歷代中原王朝以追求西域良馬為中西交流的重要事務(wù)。唐代對(duì)馬政高度重視，太宗、玄宗時(shí)期國家畜養(yǎng)良馬都在幾十萬匹的規(guī)模，太宗時(shí)期著名的“昭陵六駿”、玄宗時(shí)期廄苑里的寶馬良駒都成為歷史上的美談。洛陽出土的三彩馬雄健神駿，神氣十足，飽滿圓渾而不雍腫，裝飾華麗但并不艷俗，肢體動(dòng)作豐富細(xì)膩，其出神入化的藝術(shù)手法，已臻化境，讓人感受到大唐帝國富有朝氣的情懷。
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907)
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1966年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
1966年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1981年洛陽市龍門安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
1982年洛陽市邙山徐村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Xu village, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1982
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
精神家園
唐代社會(huì)自信、開放、多元，傳統(tǒng)信俗與多元宗教相互融和。中國本土的道教、印度傳入的佛教、西方的景教、祆教、摩尼教等在唐代社會(huì)和諧共存。洛陽地區(qū)出土的唐代三彩天王俑、三彩鎮(zhèn)墓獸以及琳瑯滿目的三彩器皿，從器物造型、紋飾圖案及隨葬作用等方面，除了體現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)喪葬信仰，包含濃厚的多元宗教信仰元素。
鎮(zhèn)墓獸在戰(zhàn)國時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)，西晉時(shí)期的墓中已較為常見。唐墓中出土的鎮(zhèn)墓獸多為蹲坐式，成對(duì)出現(xiàn)，它們往往被安置在墓道或墓門]的兩側(cè)，一般分為人面和獸面兩種。
三彩人面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618- -907)
1983年洛陽市邙山唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1983
三彩獸面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1963年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1963
三彩獸面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb- guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1974年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩人面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩獸面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩人面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩人面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri- color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩獸面鎮(zhèn)墓獸
Tri- color glazed pottery tomb- guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
天王俑來源于佛教中帝釋外將的四大天王，天王是佛教中的護(hù)法神祗，分別以護(hù)國、增善根、凈天眼、揚(yáng)福德為主職。盛唐時(shí)期，天王俑的形象受佛教文化影響，又與唐代武士形象互相滲透，一般頭戴兜盔，身著華麗的“明光鎧甲”，或足踏臥牛，或腳踩小鬼，叉腰握拳，英氣逼人。
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap a la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1992年洛陽市澗西區(qū)唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1992
三彩天王俑
Tri- -color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1992年洛陽市澗西區(qū)唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1992
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap a la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618. -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokapala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1974年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩天王俑
Tri -color glazed pottery lokapa la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1974年洛陽關(guān)林出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokapala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1973年洛陽市邙山徐村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Xu village, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1973
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907)
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1970年洛陽關(guān)林地質(zhì)隊(duì)唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1970
唐人“事死如事生”的傳統(tǒng)喪葬信仰，使得洛陽地區(qū)唐墓中出土豐富的與日常生活密切相關(guān)的壺、尊、瓶、盤、碗、杯、罐等三彩器皿，其中多數(shù)為專用陪葬的明器。三彩器皿的種類、造型、紋飾和色彩等方面，不僅受到多元宗教信仰因素的影響，同時(shí)也折射著唐人對(duì)生者、逝者的人文情懷。
三彩飛雁蓮花紋三足盤
Tri-color glazed pottery tripod plate with the design of lotus and flying goose
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1984年洛陽市老城區(qū)唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at L aocheng District, Luoyang, 1984
三彩九星盤
Tri-color glazed pottery plate with one jar and eight cups
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1981年洛陽市龍]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩貼花帶蓋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with applique decoration
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩珍珠紋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with pearl pattern
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽龍門杜村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Du village, Longmen, Luoyang
三彩珍珠紋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with pearl pattern
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1973年洛陽鴻河北窯唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Beiyao, Chanhe District, Luoyang, 1973
三彩三足爐
Tri color glazed pottery tripod burner
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1964年洛陽機(jī)瓦廠出土
Excavated in Luoyang, 1964
三彩鴛鴦
Tri-color glazed pottery mandarin duck
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1981年洛陽市龍]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩雞
Tri-color glazed pottery cock
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1981年洛陽市龍i ]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
黃釉雙龍尊
Yellow glazed pottery vase with double-dragon-shaped handles
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1985年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1985
三彩獸頭壺
Tri-color glazed pottery pot with beast head
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1977年洛陽邙山葛家?guī)X出土
Excavated at Gejialing, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1977
三彩飛雁荷花紋三足盤
Tri-color glazed pottery tripod plate with the design of lotus and flying goose
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1975年洛陽.上窯唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Shangyao, Luoyang, 1975
三彩單耳杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup with single handle
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1981年洛陽市關(guān)林出土
Excavated at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1981
三彩龍首杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup in dragon-head shape body
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽苗溝出土
Excavated at Miaogou, Luoyang
絞胎瓷碗
Mix glazed pottery bowl
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1966年洛陽市關(guān)林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩牡丹紋枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow with peony design
北宋( 960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty (960- -1127)
1955年洛陽出土
Excavated in Luoyang,1955
三彩浮雕臥鹿紋枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow with deer design
北宋(960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)
洛陽市溏河區(qū)出土
Excavated at Chanhe District, Luoyang
三彩獸形枕
Tri-color glazed pottery beast shaped pillow
北宋( 960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127)
1956年洛陽出土
Excavated in Luoyang, 1956
三彩魚紋盤
Tri-color glazed pottery plate with fish design
北宋(960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127)
1955年洛陽澗西礦山廠出土
Excavated at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1955
三彩罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar
五代( 907-960 )
Five Dynasties(907-960)
1975年洛陽市瀍河區(qū)墓葬出土
Excavated from a tomb at Chanhe District, Luoyang, 1975
結(jié)語
治世出精品，盛唐出華彩。在中國古代明器(陪葬器)制作史上，唐三彩獨(dú)具匠心，使陶器披上了燦爛奪目的盛裝。唐三彩作為盛唐時(shí)期最具特色的工藝新品種，是唐代政治穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、文化昌盛、中外交流頻繁的真實(shí)社會(huì)圖景的詮釋。透過這些飽滿規(guī)整、神完氣足的三彩精品，可以領(lǐng)略洛陽作為唐代東都的京華之地、絲路與大運(yùn)河的交匯點(diǎn)、享譽(yù)世界的國際大都會(huì)時(shí)期所呈現(xiàn)的獨(dú)特人文風(fēng)情與時(shí)代風(fēng)貌。
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