倉媽導(dǎo)語：
今天倉媽整理了小學(xué)階段必備的英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)，句型，常用詞大全，你需要的都在這兒了，多讀幾遍，記在腦子里哦！
——倉媽
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,listen,look等詞連用 結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞ing. 問句將be動(dòng)詞移前，否定句在be動(dòng)詞后+not. 如：It is raining now. 外面正在下雨 It is six o’clock now. 現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. 我父母正在客廳看報(bào)紙 Look! The children are having a running race now. 看！孩子們正在賽跑 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等詞連用。 結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動(dòng)詞原形； 問句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面動(dòng)詞一定要還原。注意：當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后加s或es. 如：We have an English lesson every day. 我們每天都要上英語課 Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. 男孩比女孩跑的快嗎？是的 一般過去時(shí) 表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，常與just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。 結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞的過去式（was; were）或主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式。 問句有be動(dòng)詞將be動(dòng)詞移前，沒有be動(dòng)詞借助于did，后面動(dòng)詞還原； 否定句有be動(dòng)詞在后面加not，沒有借助于didn't后面動(dòng)詞還原。 注意：be動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞過去式不可同時(shí)使用。 如：My earphones were on the ground just now. 我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢。 Where were you last week? I was at a camp. 你上個(gè)星期去哪了？我去野營了 What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm 你昨天去干嘛了？我去參觀農(nóng)場了。 一般將來時(shí) 表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動(dòng)原或主語+will +動(dòng)原。 問句將be動(dòng)詞或will移前；否定句在be動(dòng)詞或will后加not. 如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic. 你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。 The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week. 孩子們下個(gè)星期將參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening. Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。
如：The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.
女孩不會(huì)游泳，但是會(huì)滑冰
Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再課上說話，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。
祈使句
肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭；否定祈使句以don’t加動(dòng)詞原形開頭。
如：Open the box for me ,please.
請為我打開盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.
劉濤，明天請?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床！
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走！
Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.
海倫！不要爬樹。
go的用法
去干嘛用go +動(dòng)詞ing
如: go swimming; go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing…
比較
than 前用比較級(jí)；as…as之間用原級(jí)。
如：My mother is two years younger than my father.
我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。
喜歡做某事
用like +動(dòng)詞ing或like+ to + 動(dòng)原。
如：Su Yang likes growing flowers.
蘇陽喜歡種花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。
用于肯定句中，在否定句和問句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時(shí)仍用
如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
代詞
人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動(dòng)詞前，主格分別是 I you he she it we you they
賓格做賓語用，一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后。
形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用，分別是my your his her its our your their
名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞，它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞，分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。
介詞
介詞后要么不加動(dòng)詞，加動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)詞ing形式
如：be good at running;
do well in jumping;
時(shí)間介詞
季節(jié)前，月份前用介詞in
具體的哪一天如星期幾，幾月幾日用介詞on
在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at
只在上下午晚上用in
但在夜間用at night。
另：季節(jié)，月份和星期前不好加the.
如：
in summer；in March
on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
at a quarter to four;
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法
有規(guī)則的有：
(1)直接在名詞后加s
如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es
如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(4)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為v＋es
如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）
不規(guī)則的有：
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加s
如：run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es
如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
如：study—studies; carry—carries;
現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing
如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)雙寫詞尾加ing
如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing
如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成
有規(guī)則的有：
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed
如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d
如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed
如：study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)雙寫詞尾加ed
如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不規(guī)則的有：
am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
形容詞副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成
有規(guī)則的有：
(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er
如；small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的加r
如：late—larer;
(3)雙寫詞尾加er
如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er
如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不規(guī)則的有：
good, well—better(最高級(jí)為best); many, much--- more(最高級(jí)為most); far---farther;
rain與snow的用法
(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞
如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作為動(dòng)詞意思是下雨和下雪，有四種形式分別是：
動(dòng)詞原形rain， snow；
第三人稱單數(shù)rains ，snows；
現(xiàn)在分詞raining；snowing
過去式rained；snowed;
如：
①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。
②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。
③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如：It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我將呆在家里。
比較級(jí)
注意只有同類事物才可進(jìn)行比較。
如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.
have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數(shù))；
There is/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有
注意There be 句型的就近原則
單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were.
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