學(xué)會了英語48個音素的正確發(fā)音后，我們是否就能正確地拼讀單詞呢？回答是否定的，音素學(xué)會了不等于就會正確拼讀單詞，就如學(xué)會了七個音符不等于會唱歌識譜一樣的道理。單個音素的發(fā)音是沒有節(jié)奏與調(diào)式的，而單詞是一個表意語音單位，我們在拼讀時要有一定的節(jié)奏與調(diào)式，有的音素在單詞中的發(fā)音還會發(fā)生變化。
（１）音節(jié)的構(gòu)成
我們唱歌或跳舞時，要按一定的節(jié)拍進(jìn)行，語言的聲音是樂音，具有節(jié)奏。漢語中一個字為一個音節(jié)，漢字的音節(jié)由聲母、韻母與聲調(diào)三個部分組成。對于學(xué)漢語的外國人來說，漢字音節(jié)中難以把握的部分就是聲調(diào)，一個外國留學(xué)生想問老師一個問題，由于聲調(diào)把握不準(zhǔn)，結(jié)果他說成：“老師，我可以問（吻）你一下嗎？”
英語音節(jié)是單詞的基本語音構(gòu)成單位，一個單詞至少由這樣一個語音單位構(gòu)成。學(xué)好英語音節(jié)對單詞的拼讀與記憶有重要意義，我們記單詞是按音節(jié)來記的，而不是一個一個字母地去記，而且音節(jié)是影響字母在單詞中讀音的重要因素之一。
英語音節(jié)一般由節(jié)首、核心和韻尾三個部分組成。節(jié)首在前，核心居中，韻尾在后，英語音節(jié)構(gòu)成的一般模式為：節(jié)首+核心+韻尾。節(jié)首和韻尾一般由一個或多個輔音來承擔(dān)，核心一般由一個元音來承擔(dān)，比如：last(l+a+st), match(m+a+tch), club(cl+u+b) , prize(pr+i+ze) 。
一個音節(jié)可以沒有節(jié)首如：（am ，at ）, 也可以沒有韻尾如：（my , too），甚至可以節(jié)首和韻尾同時沒有如：（I），但必須有一個核心。一個單詞由多少個音節(jié)構(gòu)成就看它有多少個核心。
（２）音節(jié)的分類
1.開音節(jié)
根據(jù)不同的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，音節(jié)可以分出不同的音節(jié)類型。音節(jié)根據(jù)韻尾的有無可以分出開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié)，沒有韻尾的音節(jié)為開音節(jié)。一個音節(jié)如果沒有韻尾，也就是說這個音節(jié)的末尾是其核心，核心是由元音來擔(dān)任的，元音在發(fā)音時氣流不受阻礙，發(fā)音通道比較開闊，故稱之為開音節(jié)。例如：go (g+o )， no (n+o)，so(s+o) ，to(t+o)，see (s+ee),sea (s+ea),free(fr+ee),my (m+y),shy(sh+y ) ,try (tr+y),hi (h+i ) 等。
2.閉音節(jié)
有韻尾的音節(jié)為閉音節(jié)。韻尾由輔音來承擔(dān)，輔音在發(fā)音時氣流受到一定的阻礙，發(fā)音通道比較閉塞，故有韻尾的音節(jié)為閉音節(jié)。例如：at (a+t) ,fat (f+a+t), fan (f+a+n ), must (m+u+st ),bus (b+u+s) ,fresh (fr+e+sh) ,east (ea+st) ,best (b+e+st ) ,bread (br+ea+d) 等。
3.相對開音節(jié)
相對開音節(jié)有韻尾，但這個韻尾必須是一個輔音加上一個不發(fā)音的元音字母E一起構(gòu)成。相對開音節(jié)是一種特殊的開音節(jié)。例如：fine (f+i+ne)， nice (n+i+ce) ，like (l+i+ke) face (f+a+ce) ，make (m+a+ke)， date (d+a+te) ，place(pl+a+ce) ，use (u+ce) tape (t+a+pe) ，shine (sh+i+ne) 等。
4.成音節(jié)
音節(jié)的核心通常由元音承擔(dān)，但個別發(fā)音較響亮的輔音，如通音、鼻音、邊音可以跟其它的輔音結(jié)合起來構(gòu)成音節(jié)的核心，也就是說不需要元音作為音節(jié)的核心，輔音自成音節(jié)，故稱之為成音節(jié)（自成音節(jié)）。例如：table（ta/ble），cotton（cot /ton），bottom（bot /tom），apple （ap/ple）trouble （trou /ble），kind(ki / nd ) ，find (fi/nd) 等。
5.R音節(jié)
R音節(jié)就是由五個元音字母分別加輔音字母R一起構(gòu)成音節(jié)的核心，它們分別是：ar ，er ，ir ，or ，ur。例如： car , far , sir , first , sur/prise , la/ter , ac/tor , re/cord 等。
（３）音節(jié)的劃分
當(dāng)一個單詞由兩個或兩個以上的音節(jié)構(gòu)成時，我們需要對音節(jié)進(jìn)行劃分。不同的音節(jié)劃分，會影響音節(jié)的類型，進(jìn)而影響音節(jié)中元音字母的讀音，如“China”這個單詞為雙音節(jié)，那么怎么劃分這兩個音節(jié)呢？有兩種可能，一是把兩個核心中間的“n”劃給前面的音節(jié)作為韻尾，二是把兩個核心中間的“n”劃給后面的音節(jié)作為節(jié)首，如果把“n”劃給前面的音節(jié)作為韻尾，那么前面的音節(jié)就為閉音節(jié)，根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則應(yīng)讀為/ ‵t?in ?；如果把“n”劃給后面的音節(jié)作為節(jié)首，那么前面的音節(jié)就為開音節(jié)，根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則應(yīng)讀為/ ‵t?ain ?。
音節(jié)劃分的一般原則
英語音節(jié)的劃分一般規(guī)則叫最大節(jié)首原則。英語音節(jié)的劃分一般規(guī)則可以用一句話概括為：一靠后，二分手，多個中間偏左右，字母組合算一個。
一靠后是指當(dāng)兩個核心之間只有一個輔音字母時，根據(jù)節(jié)首最大原則，應(yīng)把這個輔音劃給后面一個音節(jié)作為節(jié)首。例如：baby（ba+by） open（o+pen） today（to+day） color （co+lor）about（a+bout） idea（i+dea） behind （be+hind）water （wa+ter）delicious（de+li+cious） sugar（su+gar）
二分手是指當(dāng)兩個核心之間有兩個輔音字母時，前一個輔音字母劃給前一個音節(jié)做韻尾，后一個輔字母劃給后一個音節(jié)做節(jié)首。例如：hello （hel+lo）after（af+ter） number（num+ber） twenty （twen+ty）yellow （yel+low）summer（sum+mer） winter（win+ter） swimming（swim+ming） actor（ac+tor） sunny（sun+ny） letter（let+ter） little（lit+tle）
多個中間偏左右是指兩核心之間有三個或三個以上的輔音字母（不包括字母組合），在這種情況下，先把最靠左的一個輔音字母劃給前一個音節(jié)作為韻尾，最靠右的一個輔音字母劃給后一個音節(jié)做為節(jié)首，剩下的劃到前面或后面都可以，因?yàn)椴挥绊懬昂笠艄?jié)的類型。例如：translate （tran+slate\trans+late）sculpture（scul+pture\ sculp+ture） impress （im+press\imp+ress）describe（des+cribe\desc+ribe）
英語單詞中經(jīng)常有些字母組合在一起，有的字母組合在一起發(fā)同一個音，有的字母組合則發(fā)不同的幾個音，字母組合算一個指的是發(fā)同一個音的不同字母組合。字母組合算一個，根據(jù)一靠后原則與二分手來劃分。例如：teacher（tea+cher） weather（wea+ther） brother（bro+ther） healthy （heal+thy）elephant （e+le+phant）country （coun+try）
（４）重讀音節(jié)
音節(jié)是否重讀是影響音節(jié)中元音字母讀音的重要因素之一，單詞的重讀音節(jié)也會影響單詞的詞性及意思。單音節(jié)單詞都是重讀音節(jié)，無須用重讀符號來標(biāo)注。在遇到新單詞，我們?nèi)绻麑ζ渲刈x音節(jié)沒有把握時，最可靠的辦法是查詞典，詞典上都會分別用符號（‵）和（、）來標(biāo)注重讀音節(jié)和次重讀音節(jié)。影響音節(jié)的是否重讀的因素有：音節(jié)數(shù)的多寡，單詞詞性及其構(gòu)詞方式等，音節(jié)的重讀也有以下一般規(guī)律。
1.雙音節(jié)單詞
雙音節(jié)單詞，若為動詞，其重讀音節(jié)絕大多數(shù)落在第二個音節(jié)之上，例如：begin [bi`gin] enjoy [in'd??i] describe[di'skraib] compare[k?m'pe?] receive [r?'si?v] excuse [ik'skju:s]
若雙音節(jié)單詞為其它詞性，則其重讀音節(jié)往往落在第一個音節(jié)之上，例如： morning ['m?:ni?] number ['n?mb?] twenty ['twenti] English ['i?ɡli?] pencil ['pens?l] yellow ['jel?u] autumn ['?:t?m]
2.多音節(jié)單詞
多音節(jié)單詞的重讀音節(jié)比較復(fù)雜，三音節(jié)單詞其重讀音節(jié)一般落在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)之上。例如： tomorrow [t?'m?r?u] telephone ['telif?un] eleven [i'lev?n] family ['f?mili] photograph ['f?ut?ɡrɑ:f] hospital ['h?spit?l] furniture ['f?:nit??]
（５）單詞的正確拼讀
1.單音節(jié)單詞的拼讀
我們可以用“輕重緩急”四個字來概括單詞的拼讀。輕重緩急意思是單詞中的輔音音素我們要讀得輕而快，單音節(jié)單詞中的元音音素是音節(jié)的核心，也是重讀音節(jié)所在，我們要讀得重而慢。當(dāng)兩個或多個輔音連綴在一起時，前面的輔音只做發(fā)音動作，而沒有實(shí)際發(fā)出聲音。試正確朗讀以下單音節(jié)單詞：please [pli:z] spell [spel] clock [kl?k] grade [greid] seven ['sevn] desk [desk] friend [frend] class [kla:s] glad [gl?d] clothes [kl?uez] next ['nekst]
2.多音節(jié)單詞的拼讀
多音節(jié)單詞的正確拼讀首先要突出重讀音節(jié)，重讀音節(jié)要讀得重而緩，有次重讀音節(jié)的要突出次重讀音節(jié)。試正確朗讀以下多音節(jié)單詞：number ['n?mb?] hello [h?'l?u] English ['i?gli?] sharpener ['?ɑ:p?n?] computer[k?m'pju:t?] America [?'merik?n] grandmother ['gr?nd,m?e?] potato [p?'teit?u] exercise ['eks?saiz] hometown ['h?um'taun]
3.濁化
輔音的清音與濁音一般都成對出現(xiàn)，濁化是指把清輔音讀成濁輔音。濁化發(fā)生在三個爆破音中（p-b , t-d , k-g ），當(dāng)爆破音緊跟在摩擦音[ s ]后面時，應(yīng)把清爆破音發(fā)成相應(yīng)的濁爆破音。
P—b：sport , , spell , , space , speak , spy
t—d： mistake , stay , star , store , student , stage
k—g : describe , excuse , school , scream , skirt , sky , skate
tr—dr : strawberry , strange , street , strict
4.失去爆破
發(fā)單個的爆破音時，無論是清音還是濁音都是送氣的，爆破音在單詞中的發(fā)音有送氣音與不送氣音之分，在下面幾種情況爆破音應(yīng)發(fā)成不送氣音，這種現(xiàn)象稱為失去爆破。
當(dāng)一個爆破音后緊跟著另一個爆破音時，前一個爆破音發(fā)不送氣音例如： empty , bookcase , notebook , bedtime , write down , set down , what time, next door , take care , hard times等。
當(dāng)一個爆破音后緊跟著一個摩擦音或破擦音時，前面爆破音發(fā)不送氣音。例如： picture , bike trip , a sweet dream ,a cold drink, great change , a good job , a fast train等。
當(dāng)一個爆破音后緊跟著一個鼻音時，前面爆破音發(fā)不送氣音。例如：fitness , good morning , help me , good news , not now等。
當(dāng)一個爆破音后緊跟著邊音時，前面爆破音發(fā)不送氣音。例如：middle , cycle , headline , little , gentleman , outline , friendly , temple等。
（1）字母與音素
眾所周知單詞是由字母組成的。26個字母中有5個純元音字母（A E I O U），20個純輔音字母。字母Y為半元音字母，當(dāng)Y位于詞首時為輔音字母，位于詞中或詞尾時為元音字母，其讀音與字母I相同。一般來講，元音字母在單詞中讀成元音音素，輔音字母在單詞中讀成輔音音素。字母在單詞中的讀音分為三種情況：一是一個字母讀一個音素，二是字母組合在一起讀一個音素，三是字母在單詞中不發(fā)聲（voiceless）。
我們可以形象地把讀一個音素的字母比作漢字中的筆畫，在英語中這個筆畫是形聲的，把讀一個音素的字母組合比作漢字中形聲偏旁。因此，掌握字母及字母組合的讀音規(guī)則就如學(xué)習(xí)漢字中的筆畫與部首偏旁一樣，是掌握英語單詞拼寫和拼讀的關(guān)鍵。
英語中音素有48個，而字母只26個，字母跟音素既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系。字母跟音素的關(guān)系是一種不完全對稱的關(guān)系，掌握英語26個字母及字母組合在單詞中的讀音一般規(guī)則是學(xué)好英語重要的一步。
（2）字母與單詞
構(gòu)成漢字的最小單位是筆畫，漢字基本筆畫有28個，通過不同筆畫的組合可以構(gòu)成大量的漢字。漢字有獨(dú)體字與合體字之分，獨(dú)體字是由筆畫構(gòu)成，合體字由筆畫與不同的部件構(gòu)成，如果我們一筆一畫地去記漢字，記起來會比較困難，比較容易的方法是通過漢字的構(gòu)字部件來記住漢字。構(gòu)字部件是大于筆畫而小于或等于字的基本構(gòu)字單位，即所謂的偏旁，通過部件來記漢字可以化整為零，使?jié)h字的識記變得更簡單，更容易。
我們可以用同樣的方法來記英語單詞。英語單詞最小構(gòu)詞單位是26個字母。英語單詞跟漢字一樣，有“獨(dú)體字”與“合體字”之分，由字母直接構(gòu)成的單詞（bus run get sky fan）相當(dāng)于漢字的獨(dú)體字，由字母與字母組合構(gòu)成的單詞（o+th+er c+ar c+ou+n+tr+y b+e+c+au+se l+au+gh）相當(dāng)于漢字的合體字。
我們學(xué)寫漢字時先學(xué)筆畫，筆畫就相當(dāng)于英語字母，相信所有學(xué)過英語的人26個字母應(yīng)該是過關(guān)了，也就是說筆畫過關(guān)了，那么接下來該學(xué)習(xí)用筆畫組成獨(dú)體字，再接著就該學(xué)習(xí)漢字的構(gòu)成部件了，也就是我們通常所說的偏旁了。漢字根據(jù)新華字典里給出的偏旁就有200多個，如果我們能像漢字偏旁一樣掌握一兩百個字母組合，相信我們記單詞也能像記漢字那么簡單。
英語為拼音文字，英語里的偏旁有兩種，一種是字母組合在一起發(fā)一個音的字母組合，這就好比漢字里形聲偏旁，另一種是字母組合在一起發(fā)的不是一個音，但表達(dá)了一定的詞匯或語法意義，這種組合就是英語里所謂的詞根與詞綴，它相當(dāng)于漢字會意的偏旁。
（１）元音字母在音節(jié)中讀音一般規(guī)則
一般來講元音字母在單詞中讀元音，輔音字母在單詞中讀輔音，理論上每個元音字母要有四種讀音才能滿足20個元音音素的讀音需要。我們把元音字母的四種讀音分別稱為：重開音、重閉音、非重音、協(xié)同音。
重開音是指元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)的讀音，元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中一般讀字母本身的音或長音。重閉音是指元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音，為了方便記憶我們可以把五個元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)的讀音與單詞對應(yīng)起來，分別是：A讀cat ;E讀egg ; I讀pig ;O讀dog ;U讀 bus。
非重音指的是元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)的讀音，元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)一般有[ ? ]與 [i]兩種讀音。協(xié)同音是指元音字母在單詞中的讀音受到前面或后字母影響的讀音。元音字母在音節(jié)中的讀音一般規(guī)則可以歸納為下表：
元音字母Ａ在音節(jié)中的讀音
1. 字母Ａ讀重開音
1）字母Ａ在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[ei ]：
name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i'reis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table ['teibl] late [leit] favourite ['feiv?rit] face [feis] plane [plein] potato [p?'teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station ['stei??n] tomato[t?'meit?u] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby ['beibi] paper ['peip?] famous ['feim?s] later ['leit?] radio ['reidi?u] patient ['pei??nt]
2）字母Ａ在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[a:]:
banana [b?'nɑ:n?] father ['fɑ:e?] rather ['rɑ:e?]
2.字母Ａ讀重閉音
字母Ａ在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：
map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple ['?pl] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k] catch [k?t?] hamburger ['h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit ['r?bit] bank [b??k] accident ['?ksid?nt] happen ['h?p?n] exam [ig'z?m] cabbage ['k?bid?] fact [f?kt]
3.字母Ａ讀非重音
1）字母Ａ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[?]：
American [?'merik?n] China ['t?a?n?] capital ['k?pit?l] husband ['h?zb?nd] hospital ['h?spit?l] vegetable ['ved?it?bl] laboratory [l?'b?r?t?ri] library ['laibr?ri] about [?'baut] agree [?'gri:]
2) 字母Ａ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[i]：
orange ['?:rind?] language ['l??gwid?] manager ['m?nid??] village ['vilid?] temperature ['temprit??] message ['mesid?] cabbage ['k?bid?] chocolate ['t??k?lit]
４.字母Ａ讀協(xié)同音
１）字母A在W后讀[?]或[?:] ：
washroom ['w??rum] watch [w?t?] water ['w?:t?] wash [w??] was [w?z] Washington ['w??i?t?n]
２）字母A在S/ n前讀[a:]：
class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket ['bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster ['hed'mɑ:st?]
３）字母A在L前讀[?:]：
ball [b?:l] wall [w?:l] small [sm?:l] tall [t?:l] all [?:l] talk [t?:k] call [k?:l] walk [w?:k] already [?:l'redi] although [?:l'e?u] hall[h?:l] salt [s?:lt] false[f?:ls] almost[??:lm??st] also [??:ls??]
５.字母A讀音不規(guī)則音：
have [h?v] family ['f?mili] many ['meni] any ['eni] animal ['?nim?l] madam ['m?d?m] manager ['m?nid??]
元音字母Ｅ在音節(jié)中的讀音
1. 字母Ｅ讀重開音
１）字母Ｅ在重讀開音節(jié)讀字母音[i:]：
these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening ['i:vni?] be [bi:] even ['i:v?n] Chinese['t?ai'ni:z] Japanese[,d??p?'ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre ['mi:t?]
2）字母E在重讀開音節(jié)讀[e]：
very ['veri] America [?'merik?n] vegetable ['ved?it?bl] medicine ['medisin] melon ['mel?n] second ['sek?nd] never ['nev?] together [t?'gee?] celebrate ['selibreit] elephant ['elif?nt]
２. 字母Ｅ讀重閉音
字母E在重讀閉音節(jié)讀[e]：
ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome ['welk?m] let [let] address [?'dres] dress [dres] next ['nekst] leg [leg] empty ['empti] rest [rest] letter ['let?] better['bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri'memb?] invent [in'vent] December [di'semb?] wet [wet] message ['mesid?]
3.字母Ｅ讀非重音
１）字母Ｅ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[i]:
college ['k?lid?] toilet ['t?ilit] chicken ['t?ikin] harvest ['hɑ:vist] forest ['f?rist] pocket ['p?kit]racket ['r?kit] wallet ['w?lit] knowledge ['n?lid?]
2) 字母Ｅ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[?]:
science ['sai?ns] hello [h?'l??] open ['?up?n] listen ['lis?n] seven ['sev?n] different ['dif?r?nt] even ['i:v?n]
4.字母Ｅ讀協(xié)同音
字母E在ri/ro前讀[i?]：
zero ['zi?r?u] serious ['si?ri?s] period ['p??r??d] experience [?k'sp??r??ns] series ['s??ri?z]
元音字母Ｉ在音節(jié)中的讀音
1.字母I讀重開音
1）字母I在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音 [ai] ：
hi [hai] nine [nain] Chinese['t?ai'ni:z] fine [fain] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi'said] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [ik'saiti?] lion ['lai?n] tiger ['taig?] quite [kwait] diary ['dai?ri] science ['sai?ns] invite [in'vait]
2）字母I重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[i:]：
police [p?'li:s] machine [m?'?i:n] policeman [p?'li:sm?n] magazine [,m?g?'zi:n]
2.字母Ｉ讀重閉音
字母I在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[i] ：
six [siks] think [θi?k] picture ['pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k] chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner ['din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter ['wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village ['vilid?]
３.字母Ｉ讀非重音
１）字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[i]
family ['f?mili] tennis ['tenis] favorite ['feiv?rit] America [?'merik?] capital ['k?pit?l] office ['?fis] important [im'p?:t?nt] animal ['?nim?l]
2）字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:
pencil ['pens?l] cousin ['k?z?n] festival ['fest?v?l] holiday [?h?l?de?]
4.字母Ｉ讀協(xié)同音
字母I在gh前讀[ai] ：
right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]
５.字母I讀音不規(guī)則音：
river ['riv?] give [giv] city ['siti] visit ['vizit] finish ['fini?] cinema ['sinim?]digital ['did?it?l] after ['ɑ:ft?]
元音字母O在音節(jié)中的讀音
１.字母Ｏ讀重開音
1）字母O在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[?u] ：
no [n?u] hello [h?'l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over ['?uv?] phone [f?un] open ['?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken ['br?uk?n] close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?k't?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?'g?u] notice ['n?utis]
2）字母O在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[u:] ：
who [hu:] do[du:] improve [?m'pru?v] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z]
２.字母Ｏ讀重閉音
字母O在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：
not [n?t] clock [kl?k] doctor ['d?kt?] lock [l?k] from [fr?m] shop [??p] hot [h?t] hospital ['h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby ['h?bi] problem ['pr?bl?m] dollar['d?l?] college ['k?lid?] dolphin ['d?lfin] soccer ['s?k?] rock [r?k] concert ['k?ns?t] song [s??] pocket ['p?kit] lost [l?st]
３.字母Ｏ讀非重音
字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:
together[t??gee?] today [t?'dei] welcome ['welk?m] police [p?'li:s] carrot ['k?r?t] history ['hist?ri] lesson ['les?n] lion ['lai?n]
４.字母Ｏ讀協(xié)同音
字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前讀[?] ：
mother ['m?e?] brother ['br?e?] love [l?v] some [s?m] money ['m?ni] glove [gl?v] other ['?e?] Monday ['m?ndei] another[?'n?e?] nothing ['n?θi?] monkey ['m??ki] front [fr?nt] month [m?nθ]
５.字母O讀不規(guī)則音：
colour ['k?l?] body ['b?di] woman ['wum?n] popular ['p?pjul?] post [p?ust] most[m?ust] both [b?uθ]
字母U在音節(jié)中的讀音
１.字母Ｕ讀重開音
1）字母U在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[j u:] ：
computer[k?m'pju:t?] excuse [iks'kju:z] student ['stju:d?nt] use [ju:z] music ['mju:zik] usually ['ju:?u?li] refuse [ri'fju:z] human ['hju:m?n] produce [pr?'dju:s] scuba ['skju:b?] pupil ['pju:pl] universe ['ju:niv?:s] huge [hju:d?] duty ['dju:ti]
2）字母U在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[u:] ：
ruler ['ru:l?] true [tru:] July [d?u:'lai] June [d?u:n] pollute [p?'lu:t] rule [ru:l]
２.字母U讀重閉音
字母Ｕ在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：
number ['n?mb?] cup [k?p] bus [b?s] much [m?t?] us [?s] husband ['h?zb?nd] uncle ['??kl] must [m?st] lunch [l?nt?] hundred ['h?ndr?d] hungry ['h??gri] jump [d??mp] run [r?n] fun
３.字母Ｕ讀非重音
1)字母Ｕ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:
upon [?'p?n] stadium['steidi?m] minus['main?s] success [s?k'ses]Augest [??:g?st] autumn[??:t?m] support[s??p?:t]supply [s??pla?] suppose [s??p??z] success [s?k?ses]
2)字母Ｕ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[i]:
minute ['minit]
４.字母Ｕ讀協(xié)同音
字母 U在q/g后讀[w] ：
question ['kwest??n] quickly ['kwikli] language ['l??gwid?] quiet ['kwai?t] quarrel ['kw?r?l] penguin ['pe?gwin]
５.字母U讀不規(guī)則音：
study ['st?di] busy ['bizi] business ['biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [pu?] pull [pul]
（２）輔音字母讀音一般規(guī)則
英語輔音字母有21個，輔音音素28個，相對于元音字母輔音字母的讀音比較對稱。大多數(shù)輔音字母在單詞中讀字母音的節(jié)首音或韻尾音，少數(shù)輔音字母對應(yīng)多個讀音，也有個別輔音字母不發(fā)音。輔音字母在單詞中的讀音如下表：
輔音字母讀音一般規(guī)則
１.字母Ｃ的讀音規(guī)則
1）字母C在E、I、Y讀[s] ：
nice [nais] certainly ['s?:t?nli] rice [rais] price [prais] cent [sent] century ['sent?uri] celebrate ['selibreit] concert ['k?ns?t] necessary [?nes?s?ri] recently [?ri:sntli]success [s?k?ses] city ['siti] medicine ['medisin] exciting [ik'saiti?] cinema ['sinim?] decide [di'said]circle ['s?:kl]cycle [?sa?kl] exercise ['eks?sa?z]
2）. 字母C在ie、io、ia前讀[?]：
delicious [di'li??s] especially [is'pe??li] appreciate [??pri:?ie?t] precious [?pre??s] social[?s???l] associate [??s???ie?t] ocean [????n] official[??f??l] ancient [?e?n??nt] special ['spe??l]
2.字母N的讀音
字母N在K或G前讀[?]：
think [θi?k] thanks [θ??ks] thing [θi?] long [l??] strong [str??] singer ['si??] song [s??] ring [ri?] finger ['fi?g?] sink [si?k] pink [pi?k]
3.字母S的讀音
1）字母S讀輕音[s]：
six [siks] plus [pl?s] minus ['main?s] spell [spel] secret ['si:krit] desk [desk] bus [b?s] sorry ['s?ri] ] seven ['sevn] sister ['sist?] same [seim] sit [sit] see [si:] address [?'dres] guess [ges] must [m?st] sky [skai] dress [dres] past [pɑ:st]
2) 字母S讀濁音[z]
is [iz] please [pli:z] blouse [blauz]Chinese['t?ai'ni:z] his [hiz] excuse [iks'kju:z] these [ei:z] husband ['h?zb?nd] cousin ['k?z?n] cheese [t?i:z] because [bi'k?z] busy ['bizi] eraser [??re?z?(r)] rise[raiz] rose [r??z] easy [?i:zi]
3）.字母S在u、 ure、 ia、 iao前讀[?]、[?]：
sure [?u?] Russian ['r???n] sugar ['?ug?] discussion [d??sk??n] pleasure ['ple??] television ['teli'vi??n] usually [?ju:?u?li] decision [d??s??n]
4.字母T的讀音
1）字母T在ia、 ie、 io前讀[?]
station ['stei??n] patient ['pei??nt] question ['kwest??n] mention ['men??n] information invitation [??nv??te??n] education [?ed?u?ke??n]direction [d??rek?n]
2）字母T在前ure讀[t?]：
picture ['pikt??] century ['sent?uri] temperature ['temprit??] future ['fju:t??]
5.字母X的讀音
1）字母X讀清音[ks]：
excuse[?k?skju:s] exchange[?ks?t?e?nd?] except[?k?sept] experience [?k?sp??ri?ns] experiment [?k?sper?m?nt] explain [?k?sple?n] expensive[?k?spens?v] extraordinary [?k?str?:dnri]
2）字母X讀濁音[gz]：
exact [?g?z?kt] exam[?g?z?m] example [?g?a:mpl] exist [?g?z?st] exhaust [?g?z?:st] executive [?g?zekj?t?v]
6.字母Y的讀音
1) 字母Ｙ在節(jié)首讀[j]：
yes [jes] yellow ['jel?u] year [ ji?] young [j??] your [j?:(r)] yard [jɑ:d]
2)字母Ｙ在重讀音節(jié)核心讀[ai]:
my [mai] bye [bai] eye [ai]why [wa?] buy [bai]by[bai] type [ta?p]
3) 字母Ｙ在非重讀音節(jié)核心讀[i]：
twenty ['twenti] very ['veri] really ['ri?li] many ['meni] any ['eni] library ['laibr?ri] candy ['k?ndi] healthy ['helθi]
（1）35個字母組合表
（２）字母組合的讀音
1. 十個雙元音字母組合的讀音
1）.AI組合的讀音
AI組合在重讀音節(jié)中讀[ei]：
afraid [?'freid] wait [weit] rain [re?n] painting['peinti?] railway ['reilwei] main[mein] train[trein] raise[reiz] pain[pein] explain [?k'sple?n]
AI組合在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?/i] ：
certainly ['s?:t?nli] mountain ['mauntin] Britain ['brit?n] captain ['k?ptin]
AI組合讀[e]：
again [?'gen] against[?'genst]
2). OA 組合讀音
OA 組合讀[?u] ：
coat [k?ut] boat[b?ut] coast [k??st] coach[k?ut?] road[r?ud]
3）. 字母EE組合讀音
EE組合讀[i:]：
meet [mi:t] three [θri:] see [si:] fifteen ['fifti:n] green [gri:n] tree [tri:] between [bi'twi:n] beef [bi:f] cheese [t?i:z] sweep [swi:p]
4.）字母EA組合讀音
字母EA組合讀[i:]：
please [pli:z] teacher ['ti:t??] meat [mi:t] bean [bi:n] tea [ti:] leaf [li:f] clean [kli:n]
EA組合讀[e]:
weather ['wee?] ready ['redi] sweater ['swet?] ready ['red?] heavy ['hev?] head [hed] health [helθ] heaven ['hevn]
EA組合讀[i?]：
idea [ai'di?] theatre ['θi?t?] really ['ri?li]
EA組合讀[ei]
break [breik] great [greit]
5）. 字母IE組合讀音
IE組合讀[i:]：
piece[pi:s] believe [b?'li?v] field['fi:ld] thief [θi:f] achieve [??t?i:v
IE組合讀[ai]：
tie [tai] die [dai] pie [pai] lie[lai]
6. 字母EI組合讀音
EI組合讀[ei]：
eight [eit] eighty ['eiti] weight [we?t] seize[seiz]
EI組合讀[i:] ：
deceive [d??si:v] conceive [k?n?si:v] perceive [p??si:v] receive [r??si:v]
7）. 字母OO 組合讀音
OO 組合讀[u:]：
too [tu:] cool [ku:l] room [ru:m] food [fu:d] tooth [tu:θ] zoo [zu:] bamboo [b?m'bu:] choose [t?u:z] soon[su:n]
OO組合讀[u]：
look [luk] cook [kuk] good [gud] cook [kuk] wool [wul] wood [wud]
OO組合讀[?]：
flood [fl?d] blood [bl?d]
8.） 字母OI組合讀音
OI組合讀[?i]：
toilet ['t?ilit] coin [k?in] oil [?il] noise [n?iz] voice [v?is] soil [s?il] point [p?int] join [j?in]
9.） 字母OU組合讀音
OU組合讀[au]：
about [?'baut] house [haus] mouse [maus] thousand ['θauz?nd] out [aut] underground [??nd?'graund] around [?'raund] shout[?aut] mouth [ma?θ]
OU組合讀[?]：
cousin ['k?z?n] country ['k?ntri] young [j??] trouble['tr?bl] enough[i'n?f] touch[t?t?]
OU組合讀[u:/u]：
you [ju:] could [kud] should [?ud] soup [su:p] through [θru:]
10）. AU組合讀音
AU組合讀[?:]：
autumn ['?:t?m] daughter ['d?:t?] because [bi'k?z] sausage ['s?s?d?] Australian [?? 'strel??n] August [??'g?st] cause[k?:z] astronaut [??str?n?:t]
AU組合讀[ɑ:]：
aunt [ɑ:nt] laugh [lɑ:f]
2. 五個Ｒ雙字母組合的讀音
1).AR組合的讀音
AR組合在重讀音節(jié)讀[a:]：
farm [fɑ:m] start [stɑ:t] park [pɑ:k] large [lɑ:d?] card [kɑ:d] scarf [skɑ:f] star [stɑ:] hard [hɑ:d] car [kɑ?] market['mɑ?k?t] garden ['gɑ?d(?)n] dark [dɑ:k ] arm [ɑ?m]
AR組合在W后讀[?:]：
warm [w?:m] towards [t?'w?:dz] war[w?:] warn[w?:n] wardrobe ['w?:dr?ub] rewarding [ri'w?:di?]
AR組合在非重讀音節(jié)讀 [?]
dollar['d?l?] popular ['p?pjul?] sugar ['?ug?] forward ['f??w?d] grammar ['gr?m?]
2)．ER組合的讀音
ER在重讀音節(jié)中讀[?:]:
term [t?:m] certainly ['s?:t?nli] person ['p?:sn] university [,ju:ni'v?:siti] Germany ['d??:m?ni] serve [s?:v] prefer [pri'f?:] deserve [di'z?:v] nervous ['n?:v?s] expert [ek'sp?:t]
ER在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:
tiger ['taig?] finger ['f??g?] offer['?f?] perhaps [p??h?ps] number ['n?mb?] ruler ['ru:l?] father ['fɑ:e?] after ['ɑ:ft?]
3.)IR組合的讀音
IR在重讀音節(jié)中讀[?:]:
girl [g?:l] bird [b?:d] first [f?:st] thirty ['θ?:ti] skirt [sk?:t] birthday ['b?:θdei] circle ['s?:kl] dirty ['d?:ti]
4）．OR組合的讀音
or在重讀音節(jié)中讀[?:]：
sport [sp?:t] forty ['f?:ti] for [f?:] important [im'p?:t?nt] short [???t] horse [h??s] storm[st?:m] afford [?'f?:d]
or在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]
doctor [d?kt?] monitor ['m?n?t?] conductor [k?n'd?kt?] scissors ['siz?z] comfortable ['k?mf?t?bl]
or在W后讀[?:]
worker ['w?:k?] world [w?:ld] word [w?:d] worse[w?:s]
5）．UR組合的讀音
UR在重讀音節(jié)中讀[?:]：
nurse [n?:s] turn [t?:n] purple ['p?:pl] hurt[h?:t] purse [p?:s] disturb [dis't?:b] return [ri't?:n] surfing ['s?:fi?] Turkey ['t?:ki]
UR音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中讀 [?]:
surprise[s?'praiz] Saturday ['s?t?di]
3.五個H雙字母組合的讀音
1).CH組合的讀音
CH組合讀[t?]：
China ['t?a?n?] chicken ['t?ikin] much [m?t?] lunch [l?nt?] child [t?aild] chalk [t???k] change [t?e?n(d)?] church [t??:t?] rich [r?t?] each [i?t?]
CH組合讀[k]:
school [sku:l] ache [e?k] stomach[?st?m?k] mechanics [m??k?n?k] chemistry [?kem?stri]
CH組合讀[?]:
machine [m?'?i:n] chef [?ef]
2).GH組合的讀音
GH組合讀[f]:
laugh [lɑ:f] tough[t?f] rough[r?f] enough [??n?f] cough [k?f]
GH組合不發(fā)音：
right [rait] light[la?t] high [hai] fight [fa?t]
3).PH組合的讀音
PH組合讀[f]:
telephone ['telif?un] photo['f?ut?u] geography [d?i'?gr?fi] elephant ['elif?nt] dolphin ['d?lfin] geography [d?i'?gr?fi] physics ['fiziks] telegraph ['teligrɑf]
4).SH組合的讀音
SH組合讀[?]:
she [?i:] shop [??p] fresh[fre?] finish ['fini?] push[pu?] ship[??p]
5).TH組合的讀音
TH組合讀清音[θ]：
thank [θ??k] maths [m?θs] everything['evr?θ??] bath ['bɑ?θ] mouth [ma?θ] through [θru?] both[b??θ] path [pɑ:θ]
TH組合讀濁音[e]
this [eis] that [e?t] brother ['br?e?] these [ei:z] they [eei] with [wie] then [een] together [t?'gee?]
4. W雙字母組合的讀音
1）．字母AW組合讀讀音
AW組合讀[?:]：
draw [dr?:] law[l?:] saw [s ?:] awful [??:fl] flaw [fl?:] lawn[l?:n] jaw[d??:] paw[p?:]
２）.字母EW組合讀音
EW組合讀音[ju:]：
news [nju:z] few [fju:] chew [t?u:] crew [kru:]jewelry ['d?u:?lr?] Jewish [?d?u:??]
３）字母OW組合讀音
OW組合讀[au]：
how [hau] down [daun] now [nau] flower ['flau?] brown [braun] cow [kau] town [taun] shower ['?au?] crow [kr?u] allow [?'lau]
OW組合讀[?u]：
row [r?u] know [n?u] window ['wind?u] yellow ['jel?u] throw [θr?u] borrow ['b?r?u] tomorrow [t?'m?:r?u] follow ['f?l?u] grow [gr?u] slow [sl?u] show [??u] snow [sn?u] below [bi'l?u] Moscow ['m?sk?u] own [?un] bowl [b?ul]
5.Y雙字母組合的讀音
1）字母AY組合讀音
AY組合讀[ei]：
today [t?'dei] way [wei] play [plei] say [sei] day [dei] away [?'wei] player ['plei?] may [mei] stay [stei] maybe ['meibi] relay [ri'lei] lay [lei] pay[pei]
２）字母EY組合讀音
EY組合讀雙無間[ei]或長元音[i:]：
hey[hei] they [eei] grey [grei] key [ki:]
EY組合讀讀[i]：
money ['m?ni] Sydney ['sidni] turkey ['t?:ki] monkey ['m??ki]
３）字母OY組合讀音
OY組合讀[?i]：
boy [b?i] toy [t?i] employ [im?pl?i] enjoy [in?d??i]
6.RE三字母組合讀音
1)ARE組合讀音
ARE組合讀[??]：
careful ['ke?ful] compare[k?m'pe?] square[skwe?(r)] prepare[pri'pe?]
2)ERE組合讀音
ERE組合讀 [ i?]:
here [hi?] sincere [s?n?s??(r)] atmosphere [??tm?sf??(r)] merely [?m??li]
ERE組合讀[e?]：
where [hwe?] there [ee?]
3)IRE組合讀音
IRE組合讀讀[ai?]:
fire ['fa??] tire ['tai?] fireplace ['fai?pleis] hire[hai?] wire [?wa??(r)]
4)ORE組合讀音
ORE組合讀讀[?:]:
before [bi'f?:] score [sk??] more [m??] store [st??] explore [iks'pl?:]
5)URE組合讀音
URE組合讀讀[?]:
furniture ['f?:nit??] picture ['pikt??] future ['fju?t??] nature [?ne?t??(r)] measure [?me??(r)] pleasure [?ple??(r)]
URE組合讀讀[u?]:
sure [?u?(r)] cure [kju?(r)]
7. R三字母組合讀音
1) 字母AIR組合讀音
AIR組合讀 [??]:
chair [t? e?] air[e?] hair [he?] pair [pe?] stairs[ste?z] fair [fe?(r)] repair [ri'p??]
2）字母EAR組合讀音
EAR組合讀[e?]:
pear [pe?] wear [we?] tear [te?] bear[be?]
EAR組合讀[i?]:
dear [di?] ear [i?] year[ji?] hear[hi?] clear [kli?] nearby ['ni?bai] appear [?'pi?]
EAR組合讀[ ?:]:
search [s?:t?] earth [?:θ] early [??:li] earn[?:n] learn[l?:n]
3）字母OAR組合讀音
OAR組合[?:]：
oar [?:] keyboard ['ki:b?:d] blackboard ['bl?kb?:d] boar [b?:]
4）字母OUR組合讀音
OUR組合讀[?:]：
your [j?:] four [f?:] course [k?:s] pour [p?:]
OUR組合讀[ ?:]：
journalist ['d??:n?list] journey ['d??:ni]
