美國(guó)精神病學(xué)家Cleckley用了一生時(shí)間研究反社會(huì)人格,最后將反社會(huì)人格障礙患者的特征歸納為以下16條:
1.表面迷人和良好的智力;
2.沒(méi)有妄想或者其他荒謬的思維障礙;
3.沒(méi)有其他精神病、神經(jīng)癥的癥狀;
4.不可靠,沒(méi)有責(zé)任感;
5.不真實(shí)、不忠誠(chéng);
6.沒(méi)有悔過(guò)或自責(zé)的心理;
7.反社會(huì)行為缺乏充分的動(dòng)機(jī);
8.判斷力差,不能從過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中吸取教訓(xùn);
9. 病理性自我中心和不能真正地愛(ài)和依戀別人;
10.缺乏主要的情感反應(yīng);
11.缺乏內(nèi)??;
12.在一般的人際關(guān)系中不協(xié)調(diào);
13.無(wú)論是否飲過(guò)酒,都出現(xiàn)古怪而令人討厭的行為;
14.很少有自殺行為;
15.輕浮而不正當(dāng)?shù)男陨睿?br>
16.對(duì)生活沒(méi)有計(jì)劃和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。
這16條稱(chēng)為Cleckley標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是診斷反社會(huì)人格的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(感覺(jué)翻譯的很多地方不到位,把原文貼上,大家細(xì)細(xì)看)
1.superficial charm and good 'intelligence'
2.absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking
3.absence of 'nervousness' or psychoneurotic manifestations.
4.unreliablity
5.untruthfulness and insincerity.
6.lack of remorse or shame.
7.inadequately motivated antisocial behavors
8.poor judgement and failure to learn by experience.
9.pathologic egocentricity and incapablity for love.
10.general poverty in major affective reactions.
11. specific loss of insight.
12.unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations.
13.fantastic and uninviting behaviors with drink or sometimes without.
14.suicide rarely carried out.
15.sex life impersonal,trivial,and poorly integrated.
16.failure to follow any life plan.
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