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利用LVS+Keepalived 實現(xiàn)高性能高可用負載均衡服務器 - 負載均衡 - IT運...

2009.10.20

利用LVS+Keepalived 實現(xiàn)高性能高可用負載均衡服務器

發(fā)布: 2008-10-27 17:49 | 作者: NetSeek | 來源: IT運維專家網(wǎng)

作者:NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org(IT運維專家網(wǎng)|集群架構|性能調(diào)優(yōu))
歡迎轉(zhuǎn)載,轉(zhuǎn)載時請務必以超鏈接形式標明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明.
更新時間:2008-10-27

背景:
隨著你的網(wǎng)站業(yè)務量的增長你網(wǎng)站的服務器壓力越來越大？需要負載均衡方案！商業(yè)的硬件如F5又太貴，你們又是創(chuàng)業(yè)型互聯(lián)公司如何有效節(jié)約成本，節(jié)省不必要的浪費？同時實現(xiàn)商業(yè)硬件一樣的高性能高可用的功能？有什么好的負載均衡可伸張可擴展的方案嗎？答案是肯定的！有！我們利用LVS+Keepalived基于完整開源軟件的架構可以為你提供一個負載均衡及高可用的服務器。

LVS+Keepalived 介紹
LVS
LVS是Linux Virtual Server的簡寫，意即Linux虛擬服務器，是一個虛擬的服務器集群系統(tǒng)。本項目在1998年5月由章文嵩博士成立，是中國國內(nèi)最早出現(xiàn)的自由軟件項目之一。目前有三種IP負載均衡技術（VS/NAT、VS/TUN和VS/DR）；
十種調(diào)度算法（rrr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|lblcr|dh|sh|sed|nq）。

Keepalvied
Keepalived在這里主要用作RealServer的健康狀態(tài)檢查以及LoadBalance主機和BackUP主機之間failover的實現(xiàn)
二. 網(wǎng)站負載均衡拓樸圖

IP信息列表：
名稱 IP

CODE:

LVS-DR-Master       192.168.0.89
LVS-DR-BACKUP       192.168.0.90
LVS-DR-VIP       192.168.0.87
WEB1-Realserver       192.168.0.253
WEB2-Realserver       192.168.0.10
GateWay       192.168.0.1       三. 安裝LVS和Keepalvied軟件包
1. 下載相關軟件包

CODE:

   #mkdir /usr/local/src/lvs
   #cd /usr/local/src/lvs
   #wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
   #wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz2. 安裝LVS和Keepalived

CODE:

#lsmod |grep ip_vs
      #uname -r
      2.6.18-53.el5PAE
      #ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-53.el5PAE-i686/  /usr/src/linux

      #tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
      #cd ipvsadm-1.24
      #make && make install
      #find / -name ipvsadm  # 查看ipvsadm的位置

      #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
      #cd keepalived-1.1.15
      #./configure  && make && make install
      #find / -name keepalived  # 查看keepalived位置

      #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
      #cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
      #mkdir /etc/keepalived
      #cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
      #cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
      #service keepalived start|stop    #做成系統(tǒng)啟動服務方便管理.四. 配置LVS實現(xiàn)負載均衡
  1． LVS-DR，配置LVS腳本實現(xiàn)負載均衡
注: 此腳本在于演示方便大家理解lvs,在keepalived方案中不要啟動此腳本，所以看后面有注掉，很多朋友對此有問題。關于LVS的keepalvied的HA方案，完全由keepalived.conf一個文件搞定，特此聲明！

CODE:

   #vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh
   #!/bin/bash
      # description: start LVS of DirectorServer
      #Written by :NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org

      GW=192.168.0.1
      # website director vip.
      SNS_VIP=192.168.0.87
      SNS_RIP1=192.168.0.253
      SNS_RIP2=192.168.0.10

   ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

      logger $0 called with $1

      case "$1" in

      start)
      # set squid vip
      /sbin/ipvsadm --set 30 5 60
      /sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $SNS_VIP broadcast $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP up
      /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev eth0:0
      /sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $SNS_VIP:80 -s wrr -p 3
      /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP1:80 -g -w 1
      /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP2:80 -g -w 1
      touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1

   ;;
stop)
      /sbin/ipvsadm -C
      /sbin/ipvsadm -Z
      ifconfig eth0:0 down
      route del $SNS_VIP
      rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1
      echo "ipvsadm stoped"
   ;;

status)

      if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then
            echo "ipvsadm stoped"
            exit 1
      else
            echo "ipvsadm OK"
      fi
   ;;

*)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
      exit 1
esac

exit 0
   2．配置Realserver腳本.

CODE:

      #vi /usr/local/sbin/realserver.sh
      #!/bin/bash
      # description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp
      #Written by :NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org

      SNS_VIP=192.168.0.87

      . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

      case "$1" in
      start)
            ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
            /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
            echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
            echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
            echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
            echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
            sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
            echo "RealServer Start OK"

            ;;
      stop)
            ifconfig lo:0 down
            route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
            echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
            echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
            echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
            echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
            echo "RealServer Stoped"
            ;;
      *)
            echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
            exit 1
      esac

      exit 0
   或者采用secondary ip address方式配置
      # vi /etc/sysctl.conf

CODE:

      net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
      net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
      net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
      net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
      [code]
      #sysctl –p
      #ip addr add 192.168.0.87/32 dev lo
      #ip add list 查看是否綁定
  3. 啟動lvs-dr腳本和realserver啟本，在DR上可以查看LVS當前狀態(tài):
      #watch ipvsadm –ln五．利用Keepalvied實現(xiàn)負載均衡和和高可用性
  1.配置在主負載均衡服務器上配置keepalived.conf
  #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

CODE:

  ! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
      cnseek@gmail.com
}
notification_email_from sns-lvs@gmail.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
  # smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

# 20081013 written by :netseek
# VIP1
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER          #備份服務器上將MASTER改為BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 # 備份服務上將100改為99
advert_int 1
authentication {
      auth_type PASS
      auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
      192.168.0.87
      #(如果有多個VIP，繼續(xù)換行填寫.)
}
}

virtual_server 192.168.0.87 80 {
delay_loop 6                #(每隔10秒查詢realserver狀態(tài))
lb_algo wrr                #(lvs 算法)
lb_kind DR                #(Direct Route)
persistence_timeout 60       #(同一IP的連接60秒內(nèi)被分配到同一臺realserver)
protocol TCP             #(用TCP協(xié)議檢查realserver狀態(tài))

real_server 192.168.0.253 80 {
      weight 3             #(權重)
      TCP_CHECK {
      connect_timeout 10    #(10秒無響應超時)
      nb_get_retry 3
      delay_before_retry 3
      connect_port 80
      }
}
real_server 192.168.0.10 80 {
      weight 3
      TCP_CHECK {
      connect_timeout 10
      nb_get_retry 3
      delay_before_retry 3
      connect_port 80
      }
   }
}
   2. BACKUP服務器同上配置，先安裝lvs再按裝keepalived,仍后配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，只需將紅色標示的部分改一下即可.

3. 停掉lvs_dr.sh演示腳本
vi /etc/rc.local
#/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh  將lvs-dr.sh這個腳本注釋掉。
#/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh stop 停止lvs-dr腳本
#/etc/init.d/keepalived start  啟動keepalived 服務，keepalived就能利用keepalived.conf 配置文件，實現(xiàn)負載均衡和高可用.
   整個LVS負均衡HA方案，由keepalived.conf一個文件即可搞定！

4. 查看lvs服務是否正常
  #watch ipvsadm –ln

CODE:

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddressort Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddressort          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.0.87:80 wrr persistent 60
  -> 192.168.0.10:80          Route 3    0       0
  -> 192.168.0.253:80          Route 3    0       0#tail –f /var/log/message  監(jiān)聽日志，查看狀態(tài)，測試LVS負載均衡及高可用性是否有效。

5．停Master服務器的keepalived服務，查看BAKCUP服務器是否能正常接管服務。

四．相關參考
  1．LVS 基礎知識匯總
LVS的算法介紹             http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=69
學習LVS的三種轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)模式    http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=77
LVS中的IP負載均衡技術    http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=68
更多的請到http://www.linuxtone.org 負載均衡版查看

Keepalived 相關參考資料。
http://www.keepalived.org/documentation.html

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