Ⅳ.名詞性從句的特殊用法：（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只用whether不用if的情況:
- 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)：e.g. Whether he can finish the work on time is not clear.
- 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)：e.g. The problem is whether the meeting will be held.
- 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)：e.g. I have no idea whether he is willing to help us.
- 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)：e.g. Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.
- 作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：e.g. We aren’t interested in whether he will agree with us or not.
- 作動(dòng)詞discuss的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：e.g. We are now discussing whether we should group these three companies.
- 其后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)：e.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
- 與or not直接連用時(shí)，用whether，即whether or not，如果分開時(shí)，兩者都可以，即whether/ if… or not。e.g. I don’t care whether or not he has a holiday.＝I don’t care whether/ if he has a holiday or not.
（二）同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
- 同位語(yǔ)從句既“說(shuō)明、修飾”先行詞，又“等同”于先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句“修飾、限制”先行詞，由“關(guān)系詞”替代先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. (同位語(yǔ)從句)Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. (定語(yǔ)從句)
- that在從句中的作用同位語(yǔ)從句中that為連接詞，只起連接作用，在從句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定語(yǔ)從句中的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴.g. The news (that) he told me surprised me. (定語(yǔ)從句)The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
- 其他引導(dǎo)詞的使用引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞除連接詞that外，還可用whether，連接代詞who，what及連接副詞when, where, how, why等；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞除that外，還有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, as以及關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
（三）wh-ever和“no matter＋wh-”:wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. Whatever/ No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me. (讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)He would believe whatever/ anything that I said. (賓語(yǔ)從句)考點(diǎn)歸納:名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句?？疾橐c(diǎn)主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序，雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點(diǎn)主要包括：
- 名詞性從句的連接詞。如：有詞義的連接代詞who, whose, whom, what, which; 連接副詞when, where, why, how; 從屬連詞that, whether, if, as if; 無(wú)詞義的that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略。
- 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。
- it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的情況。 如：It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句，It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句，It＋be＋名詞＋that從句，It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(appear, happen等)＋that從句
- 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：It is (was)＋essential (important, natural…)＋that…；It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…) that…等。
- what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。如：what＝the thing that/ anything that…；what＝the place that…；what＝the time that…；what＝the person that…等。
- whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。重點(diǎn)考查連接詞that, what的用法； 特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句； wh-ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
Ⅴ.名詞性從句的熱點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：（一）主語(yǔ)從句:
- 主要考點(diǎn):
- that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 常用it作形式主語(yǔ), 常見的句型:①It+ be+形容詞+ that從句②It+ be+名詞 (短語(yǔ))+ that從句③It+ be+過(guò)去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+ that從句④It+ 特殊動(dòng)詞 (seems/ appears/ happens/ matters)+ that從句
- what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分, 如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ), 而that引導(dǎo)從句, 不充當(dāng)成分。e.g. What you said yesterday is right. (what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 作said的賓語(yǔ))That English is important is an undoubted fact. (that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 不作任何成分, 但不可省略)
- 主語(yǔ)從句若含有“是否”意義, 其引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether, 不能用if。e.g. Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.
- 突破技巧:
- 掌握形式主語(yǔ)的句式及變化，根據(jù)句意選取合適連接詞, 除that在句子中沒有意義, 但不能省略外, 其他連接詞均在句中有意義。
- what, that, which, whether連接主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
（二）賓語(yǔ)從句:
- 主要考點(diǎn):
- 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, take (認(rèn)為), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 且賓語(yǔ)是從句時(shí), 需用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
- 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序; 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài); 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 從句需用過(guò)去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài), 但從句若表示客觀真理、規(guī)律, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g. He said that he had been to the space station.
- 由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句, 要保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外, whether與if在作“是否”講時(shí), 一般可以換用, 但在下列情況下一般只能用whether, 不用if。①引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。e.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.②從句中有or或whether or not連用時(shí)。e.g. I wonder whether or not he will come.Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick.③后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。e.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
- 突破技巧:
- 把握句意, 選取合適的連接詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序;
- 注意whether與if的互換和區(qū)別。
（三）表語(yǔ)從句:
- 考查內(nèi)容:
- 表語(yǔ)從句常跟在這些系動(dòng)詞后, 如be, look, remain, seem等。e.g. That is just what I want.
- 除常用的連接代詞、副詞外, as if/ though, because, why等也可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。e.g. It looks as if it’s going to rain.
- 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略; if不能用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。e.g. The reason is that he got up late.
- 突破技巧:
- 理解句意, 把握語(yǔ)境, 扣準(zhǔn)連接詞在句中的含義;
- 掌握系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)從句辨析that, because, if, whether。
（四）同位語(yǔ)從句:
- 考查內(nèi)容:
- 同位語(yǔ)從句中的名詞：在復(fù)合句中, 同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容, 同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)(that不能省略)?？捎糜谕徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。e.g. The news that the Shenzhou-Ⅹspaceship set off successfully is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
- 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 關(guān)系代詞that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 有實(shí)際意義, 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 可省略。同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞, 不充當(dāng)句子成分, 沒有任何意義, 但不可省略。e.g. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定語(yǔ)從句)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
- 突破技巧:
- 熟記同位語(yǔ)從句的常用名詞;
- 分析句子成分, 防止句式變化;
- 采取“意義法”區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句。
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