好了,我決定要嚴(yán)肅地說(shuō)一下這個(gè)事,英語(yǔ)很重要!英語(yǔ)很重要!英語(yǔ)很重要!
好了,我說(shuō)完了……
不要打我!事實(shí)是這樣的,很多小公(xue)舉(zha)跑來(lái)跟小猿抱怨說(shuō):小猿啊,短文改錯(cuò)啊,滿篇都是正確的啊,到底哪錯(cuò)了??!
就不說(shuō)啥廢話了,直接上干貨,小猿告訴你哪里是短文改錯(cuò)的“錯(cuò)點(diǎn)”,來(lái)跟我一起,預(yù)備!念!
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù)
注意形和副
連,冠容易出錯(cuò)誤
動(dòng)詞搭配要記住
介,代也不能疏忽
邏輯關(guān)系理清楚
為了更清楚地理解這個(gè)口訣,乃們就細(xì)細(xì)聽小猿道來(lái):
一、“動(dòng)詞形”
所謂“形”,就是動(dòng)詞的表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的形態(tài):時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1.時(shí)態(tài):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用:
【例子】
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→ think 改為 thought
The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.(2015浙江)→→ is 改為 was(通篇為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),敘述過(guò)去的事情)
對(duì)策:通讀全文,對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容有整體上的把握,注意文中所用的時(shí)態(tài),敘事的人稱等,弄清短文內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,才能發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
(2)and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致:
【例子】
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.→→visiting 改為visited
A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→telling改為told
對(duì)策:and通常連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)文意分析并列的成分是哪些。如第二句話中,看似telling與crying并列,但語(yǔ)義不通順,tell與saw動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者同為woman,故其與saw為并列關(guān)系,而非cry。
2.語(yǔ)態(tài)
【例子】
Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→刪除been
Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→begun改為began
對(duì)策:分清楚動(dòng)作的主體和承受者,如第一句中,studies是動(dòng)作show的發(fā)出者,其作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
二、“名詞數(shù)”
所謂“數(shù)”就是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1.單復(fù)數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用:
【例子】
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→parent 改為 parents
As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015四川卷)→→friend 改為 friends
2.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用:
【例子】
The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→airs 改為 air
It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.(2015四川)→→many改為 much
三、“注意形和副”
也就是說(shuō)要注意形容詞、副詞的用法,避免被錯(cuò)用:
【例子】
Global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→seriously改為serious
Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→terrible 改為 terribly
系動(dòng)詞
(be/become/seem/appear/prove/turn out/grow),感官性動(dòng)詞(smell/feel/sound/taste等)后用形容詞,用于表明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),特性等;形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞。
四、“連,冠容易出錯(cuò)誤”
1.連詞錯(cuò)誤:
關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系,連詞and/or/but錯(cuò)用尤其多見,分析主從句邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵。
【例子】
There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→or 改為 and
In fact,I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.(2015四川)→→so 改為 but
2.冠詞錯(cuò)誤:
主要有兩種誤用:
(1)誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定)
【例子】
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!(2014陜西卷)→→a 改為 an
(2)誤用a/an和the(固定搭配中;或泛指,特指混淆;多冠詞或少冠詞)
Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→在 countryside 前添加 the
At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked…(2015陜西)→→將第一個(gè)a改為the
對(duì)策:
a) 不定冠詞a/an用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表泛指;在一些詞組中,可以表達(dá)one/any/the same/every的意思,如A square has four sides.(表any)/The two flowers look different, but they are of a kind.(表the same)/eight hours a day(表every)。
b) 定冠詞the用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表特指;用于序數(shù)詞,最高級(jí),方位名詞前,西洋樂器,復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前;用于形容詞或過(guò)去分詞前,表一類人或物;用在世界上讀一無(wú)二的事物名詞之前。
c)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞可表泛指。
五、動(dòng)詞搭配要記住
記住一些常用的動(dòng)詞搭配也會(huì)使你判斷“錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)”更加迅速哦~有固定短語(yǔ)、固定句型、固定搭配,查看是否有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)。
【例子】
He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→將very去掉
We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川)→→將 sing 改為 singing
I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)→→將 sit 改為 sitting
I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江)→→在 hurry 之前添加 a
六、介,代也不能疏忽
1.介詞錯(cuò)誤:
詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。
【例子】
Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→on 改為 with
Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→on改為in
Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015四川)→→將with刪除
2.代詞錯(cuò)誤:
(1)反身代詞使用錯(cuò)誤:
He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.(2013新課標(biāo)I)→→將himself改為him
(2)代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤:
Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江)→→將 them 替換為 it
(3)代詞指代錯(cuò)誤:
We must find ways to protect your environment.(2015新課標(biāo)I)→→將your 改為our
(4)多代詞或少代詞:
Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→在parents之前加his
(5)從句中的關(guān)系代詞和副詞(如見有定語(yǔ)從句以及其他名詞性從句,查看是否有關(guān)系詞使用不當(dāng)):
he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015新課標(biāo)II)→→將where去掉或?qū)here改為that
七、邏輯關(guān)系理清楚
這個(gè)是很重要的啦,包括上邊的動(dòng)詞、名詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞等等都算邏輯關(guān)系啦~不過(guò)小猿這里重點(diǎn)講主謂一致。
有并列主語(yǔ),從句作主語(yǔ),不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ),時(shí)間、距離、金錢作主語(yǔ),together with , along with , besides , but , except , including , as well as 等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),檢查是否有主謂不一致。
【例子】
What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.(2010陜西卷)→→將were 改為 was(主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ))
Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively . (2011重慶卷)→→將are 改為 is(句子的主語(yǔ)是Katia,而非many other Russian girls)
Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study.(2012重慶卷)→→將 are 改為 is(together with 連接兩個(gè)并列部分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致)
好啦,說(shuō)完了,所以,你們看完之后記下了這個(gè)口訣咩?有沒有了然于心,明然于目的趕腳?嘿嘿。
不過(guò)捏,有些同學(xué)很擅長(zhǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)“錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)”,卻會(huì)在修改的步驟中出錯(cuò),那么,在修改中要記住這幾個(gè)原則:
以保持句子原意為原則;以改動(dòng)最少為原則;實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則;虛詞以添加或刪除為原則。
做完了之后,還是不放心怎么辦?應(yīng)該檢查哪些方面呢?通過(guò)研究近幾年的真題,小猿總結(jié)了幾個(gè)短文改錯(cuò)“潛規(guī)則”(這個(gè)時(shí)候,你會(huì)不會(huì)更愛我一點(diǎn)?):
1.核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí),若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多詞1個(gè),缺詞1個(gè),錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。
2.核對(duì)改正的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3.核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范,位置是否準(zhǔn)確,看看有無(wú)遺漏符號(hào),忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問(wèn)題。
看完也是累了哦,休息一下~么么噠~~小猿愛你哦~~
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