Arrays工具類提供了一些比較實(shí)用的方法,比如sort, binarySearch, fill等。其中還有一個
asList方法,此方法能夠?qū)⒁粋€變長參數(shù)或者數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)換成List。
但是,這個生成的List,它是固定長度的,如果對其進(jìn)行add或者remove的操作,會拋出UnsupportedOperationException,為什么會這樣呢?
帶著疑問,查看一下Arrays的源碼,可以得到問題的結(jié)果。
- /**
- * Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array. (Changes to
- * the returned list 'write through' to the array.) This method acts
- * as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs, in
- * combination with Collection.toArray. The returned list is
- * serializable and implements {@link RandomAccess}.
- *
- *
This method also provides a convenient way to create a fixed-size
- * list initialized to contain several elements:
- *
- * List stooges = Arrays.asList('Larry', 'Moe', 'Curly');
- *
- *
- * @param a the array by which the list will be backed.
- * @return a list view of the specified array.
- * @see Collection#toArray()
- */
- public static List asList(T... a) {
- return new ArrayList(a);
方法asList返回的是new ArrayList
(a)。但是,這個ArrayList并不是java.util.ArrayList,它是一個Arrays類中的重新定義的內(nèi)部類。
具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
- /**
- * @serial include
- */
- private static class ArrayList extends AbstractList
- implements RandomAccess, java.io.Serializable
- {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -2764017481108945198L;
- private Object[] a;
- ArrayList(E[] array) {
- if (array==null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- a = array;
- }
- public int size() {
- return a.length;
- }
- public Object[] toArray() {
- return (Object[])a.clone();
- }
- public E get(int index) {
- return (E)a[index];
- }
- public E set(int index, E element) {
- Object oldValue = a[index];
- a[index] = element;
- return (E)oldValue;
- }
- public int indexOf(Object o) {
- if (o==null) {
- for (int i=0; i<>
- if (a[i]==null)
- return i;
- } else {
- for (int i=0; i<>
- if (o.equals(a[i]))
- return i;
- }
- return -1;
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- return indexOf(o) != -1;
- }
- }
從這個內(nèi)部類ArrayList的實(shí)現(xiàn)可以看出,它繼承了類AbstractList,但是沒有重寫add和remove方法,沒有給出具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)。查看一下AbstractList類中對add和remove方法的定義,如果一個list不支持add和remove就會拋出UnsupportedOperationException。
- public abstract class AbstractList extends AbstractCollection implements List {
- /**
- * Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically
- * implicit.)
- */
- protected AbstractList() {
- }
- /**
- * Appends the specified element to the end of this List (optional
- * operation).
- *
- * This implementation calls add(size(), o).
- *
- * Note that this implementation throws an
- * UnsupportedOperationException unless add(int, Object)
- * is overridden.
- *
- * @param o element to be appended to this list.
- *
- * @return true (as per the general contract of
- * Collection.add).
- *
- * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add method is not
- * supported by this Set.
- *
- * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
- * prevents it from being added to this set.
- *
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException some aspect of this element prevents
- * it from being added to this collection.
- */
- public boolean add(E o) {
- add(size(), o);
- return true;
- }
- /**
- * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list
- * (optional operation). Shifts the element currently at that position
- * (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their
- * indices).
- *
- * This implementation always throws an UnsupportedOperationException.
- *
- * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted.
- * @param element element to be inserted.
- *
- * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add method is not
- * supported by this list.
- * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
- * prevents it from being added to this list.
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some aspect of the specified
- * element prevents it from being added to this list.
- * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException index is out of range (index
- * 0 || index > size()).
- */
- public void add(int index, E element) {
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
- }
- /**
- * Removes the element at the specified position in this list (optional
- * operation). Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one
- * from their indices). Returns the element that was removed from the
- * list.
- *
- * This implementation always throws an
- * UnsupportedOperationException.
- *
- * @param index the index of the element to remove.
- * @return the element previously at the specified position.
- *
- * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the remove method is
- * not supported by this list.
- * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the specified index is out of
- * range (index < 0 || index >= size() 0 || index >).
- */
- public E remove(int index) {
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
- }
- }
至此,為什么Arrays.asList產(chǎn)生的List是不可添加或者刪除,否則會產(chǎn)生UnsupportedOperationException,就可以得到解釋了。
同時我們可以用List來接受Arrays.asList(array)返回的參數(shù)、原因是Arrays.asList(array)返回的雖然不是java.util.ArrayList但是返回的ArrayList同理也繼承自AbstractList
我們的AbstractList實(shí)現(xiàn)自List接口、所以可以用list接口來引用Arrays.asList(array);
如果我們想把一個變長或者數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)變成List, 而且期望這個List能夠進(jìn)行add或者remove操作,那該怎么做呢?
我們可以寫一個類似的方法,里面直接采用java.util.ArrayList即可。
比如:
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Collections;
- import java.util.List;
- public class MyArrays {
- public static List asList(T... a) {
- List list = new ArrayList();
- Collections.addAll(list, a);
- return list;
- }
- }
測試代碼如下:
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.List;
- public class Test {
- @SuppressWarnings('unchecked')
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List stooges = Arrays.asList('Larry', 'Moe', 'Curly');
- print(stooges);
- List<>> seasonsList = Arrays.asList(retrieveSeasonsList());
- print(seasonsList);
- /*
- * 自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一個asList方法,能夠添加和刪除。
- */
- List list = MyArrays.asList('Larry', 'Moe', 'Curly');
- list.add('Hello');
- print(list);
- }
- private static void print(List list) {
- System.out.println(list);
- }
- private static List retrieveSeasonsList() {
- List seasonsList = new ArrayList();
- seasonsList.add('Spring');
- seasonsList.add('Summer');
- seasonsList.add('Autumn');
- seasonsList.add('Winter');
- return seasonsList;
- }
- }
輸出結(jié)果:
[Larry, Moe, Curly]
[[Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter]]
[Larry, Moe, Curly, Hello]
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