高考英語(yǔ)考前玩轉(zhuǎn)高頻語(yǔ)法系列13專題——句子
句子按使用的目的可分為四類：
1、陳述句 2、疑問(wèn)句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看句子可分為三種類型：
1、簡(jiǎn)單句 2、并列句 3、復(fù)合句
一、句子的種類（Kinds of Sentences）
1、陳述句：
（1） 肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)。
（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。
說(shuō)明：敘述或否定一個(gè)事實(shí)或看法。
2、疑問(wèn)句：
（1）一般疑問(wèn)句：
Are you a worker? 你是個(gè)工人嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影嗎？沒(méi)看過(guò)。
說(shuō)明：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞be開(kāi)始的問(wèn)句?；卮鹨?/span>yes或no。
（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句：
Who is the man? 這人是誰(shuí)？
When do you watch TV? 你什么時(shí)間看電視？
What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？
說(shuō)明：以一個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞開(kāi)頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語(yǔ)序（或稱為疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句）
（3）選擇疑問(wèn)句：
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他學(xué)日語(yǔ)還是學(xué)法語(yǔ)？他學(xué)法語(yǔ)。
說(shuō)明：提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的情況，選擇一個(gè)作為答案。
（4）反意疑問(wèn)句：
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng)，是嗎？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒(méi)做完作業(yè)，是嗎？
說(shuō)明：提出情況或看法問(wèn)對(duì)方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺(jué)？是嗎？
He knows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語(yǔ)，是嗎？
說(shuō)明：當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式。
（5）祈使句：
a．陳述句：
Be sure to get there at eight. 八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。
b．否定句：
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫助你的。
說(shuō)明：表示命令，請(qǐng)求，叮囑，號(hào)召等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。
（6）感嘆句：
what + n.：
What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊！
What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！
how + adj.：
How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！
how + adv. ：
How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！
How time flies! 時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀！
How + adj. + a (an) + n.
How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子??！
說(shuō)明：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。
二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences）
1、簡(jiǎn)單 句的句子的類型：
一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，例：
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。
兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，例：
Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。
一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，例：
He opened the door and left. 他打開(kāi)門出去了。
兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)或兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或更多，例：
Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.
史密斯夫婦去市場(chǎng)，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。
結(jié)構(gòu)特殊：只含有一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組，例：
Hello! 喂！
Help! Help! 救命??！救命！
Many thanks. 萬(wàn)分感謝。
2、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）
句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
（1）主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：S + Vi.，例：
Birds fly. 鳥(niǎo)飛
They disappeared. 他們消失了。
（2）主 + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)：S + V + P，例：
She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。
（3）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O，例：
He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
We help each other. 我們互相幫助。
（4）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O + O，例：
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。
（5）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O + C，例：
They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。
注：S = Subject（主語(yǔ)）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動(dòng)詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動(dòng)詞）P=Predicative（表語(yǔ)）O=Object（賓語(yǔ)）C=Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：
否定陳述句要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：
（1）否定陳述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構(gòu)成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構(gòu)成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否定形式
有些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。
否定的主語(yǔ)：
Nobody will agree with you. 沒(méi)人同意你的意見(jiàn)。
None of the students like the novel. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生喜歡這本小說(shuō)。
No student here studies Russian. 這里沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。
否定的賓語(yǔ)：
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見(jiàn)。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰(shuí)那都借不來(lái)這本書。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準(zhǔn)遲到。
否定的狀語(yǔ)：
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來(lái)的而是走著來(lái)的。
We could find him nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。
（3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句時(shí)，表示部分否定。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
這里的樹(shù)并非都是蘋果樹(shù)。（有的是蘋果樹(shù)，有的不是。）
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
這姐兒倆并不都是護(hù)士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做這件事。
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1、They___________ happy when they hear the news.
A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t
2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?”
—— “___________.”
A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my aunt is
C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does
3、We ___________satisfied with their work.
A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being
4、He___________ coffee at all. He ___________ tea.
A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer
C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of
5、She ___________ me only twice since last year.
A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen
6、My grandma___________ in the country. Now she ___________ in the city.
A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived
C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives
7、You___________ make such mistakes again.
A．should never B．should not always
C．would always not D．would not forever
8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ ___________.”
A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t
C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t
9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, ___________.”
A．I cycle there B．I walk there
C．to the work D．I’ve already been there
10、In England tea ___________ with milk or sugar in it.
A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk
C．usually is drunk D．drank usually
11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, ___________.”
A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike
C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike
12、Tom ___________ like reading at all. He___________ interested in playing basketball.
A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is
13、When___________ home from work?
A．do your parents come B．does your parents come
C．have your parents D．our parents come
14、Which of the students___________ the examination?
A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed
15、They___________ trouble lifting the heavy box.
A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of
C．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of
16、—— “Did you have breakfast this morning?
—— “___________.”
A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have.
17、___________ colour is the cover of the dictionary?
A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose
18、 “___________ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”
A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times
19、There are many pictures on the wall. ___________do you like best?
A．What B．Which one
C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture
20、Since when___________ her?
A．did you know B．have you known
C．do you know D．you know
21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “___________.”
A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t
22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “___________.”
A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait
C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back
23、 “___________ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”
A．Which number B．What number
C．What size D．What
24、 “___________ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”
A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which
25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ___________ ?
A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not
26、___________ is the distance between these two villages?
A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much
27、___________ do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.
A．How many time B．How much
C．How long D．How often
28、How ___________ it in English?
A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak
29、___________is the population of the city?
A．How much B．How many C．How D．What
30、___________ did she get this information?
A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What
31、___________does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.
A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive
32、About___________ do you want to know more?
A．Whom B．who C．which D．what
33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
——What do you suppose___________ to her.
A．was happening B．to happen
C．has happened D ．having happened
34、——Have you heard the news about Jim?
——No. What ___________?
A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are
35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air?
—— ___________ .
A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t
C．Yes, by air D．By air
36、___________ I go or___________ you go yourself?
A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall
37、——Do you think the question easy or not?
——___________ .
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy
38、Shall we stay at home or___________ to the park?
A．to go B．going C．go D．will go
39、___________ writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which
40、——___________ was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?
——It was open to traffic in 1968.
A．What B．What time C．How long D．When
二、感嘆句、祈使句
41、___________ from Beijing to London!
A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is
C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it
42、Oh, John, ___________ you gave us!
A．How a pleasant sur prise B．How pleasant surprise
C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise
43、___________ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A．How a B．What a C．How D．What
44、___________ girl she is!
A．What bright a B．How a bright
C．How bright a D．What a bright
45、___________ we have today?
A．How fine day B．What fine day
C．How a fine day D．What a fine day
46、How ___________flowers are!
A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that
47、How ___________!
A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time
48、What___________ work he does!
A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest
49、___________ careful our monitor is!
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
50、___________ advice he gave us!
A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How
51、___________ picture it is!
A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful
C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a
52、___________ I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!
A．How do B．What do C．What D．How
53、___________ hardworking students they are!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
54、___________ long time it lasted!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
55、___________ down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.
A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned
56、Let’s ___________ football in the street.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
57、___________ careful when you cross the street.
A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do
58、___________ the child___________ all day long!
A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry
C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry
59、___________ afraid of make mistakes!
A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not
60、___________ me again before coming.
A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call
三、反意疑問(wèn)句
61、You’d like some coffee, ___________?
A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you
62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ___________?
A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I
63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, ___________.
A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
64、His father knows little about it, ___________he?
A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t
65、We all like reading story books, ___________?
A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you
66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre, ___________she?
A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t
67、Your father___________ promised to buy a computer for you, ___________he?
A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did
68、Be sure to write to us, ___________?
A．will you B．aren’t you C．would you D．can you
69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ___________ you?
A．do you B．will you C．would D．can
70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ___________?
A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we
71、Mary has few friend in Japan, ___________ she?
A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t
72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ___________?
A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it
73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ___________?
A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there
74、He comes late sometimes, ___________?
A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he
75、——You are not a new comer, are you?
——___________. I came here only yesterday.
A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not.
76、She could hardly believe it, ___________?
A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she
77、You needn’t go, ___________?
A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you
78、You must work hard from now on, ___________?
A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you
79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, ___________ you?
A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t
80、He must have left home yesterday, ___________ he?
A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ___________?
A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I
82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, ___________ you?
A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t
83、You need to come earlier, ___________you?
A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t
84、You dare not go alone, ___________ you?
A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t
85、He shouldn’t drink so much, ___________ he?
A．should B．ought C ．would D．will
86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ___________ ?
A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it
87、I’m late for the meeting, ___________?
A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you
88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ___________?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they
89、None of the workers attended the party, ___________?
A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they
90、Everything is right here, ___________?
A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it
91、A lovely day, ___________?
A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ___________?
A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it
93、My sister often needs help with her study, ___________?
A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she
94、Y ou should have watered the flower earlier, ___________?
A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t you D．haven’t you
95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ___________?
A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
96、What a pretty girl, ___________?
A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she
97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ___________?
A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he
98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ___________?
A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I
99、Let us do it for you, ___________?
A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we
100、They have to face the difficulty, ___________they?
A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t
【答案】：
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A
7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A
13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D
19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C
31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C
37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C
43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B
49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B
55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D
61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B
67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B
73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C
79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C
85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A
91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D
97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B
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