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Understanding Colorectal Cancer

兩分鐘了解結直腸癌

Cancer in the large intestine is called colorectal cancer. The parts of your large intestine are the colon, rectum, and anal canal. Most colorectal cancer starts in the colon, in small clumps of cells called polyps. Most polyps are benign, which means they contain abnormal cells that aren't cancer and won't spread to the rest of the body. They are only in the thin layer of tissue lining the inside of the intestine. 

大腸癌又稱結直腸癌（colorectal cancer）。大腸包括結腸、直腸和肛管。大多數(shù)結直腸癌始于結腸息肉，即結腸部位的小細胞團。多數(shù)息肉是良性的，它們含有非癌細胞，不會擴散到身體其他部位，只存在于腸內(nèi)壁的薄層組織中。

If the abnormal cells become cancer cells, the polyp can grow bigger and invade deeper into the wall of the large intestine. If not treated, cancer cells can enter the blood stream and spread to nearby lymph nodes. Over time, these cells can travel to other organs and form more tumors. You may have a higher risk for getting colorectal cancer if you have a family history of colorectal cancer, have colon polyps, are aged 50 or older, are obese, smoked cigarettes, aren't physically active, drink too much alcohol, or have a disease that inflames your colon such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 

異常細胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘┘毎螅⑷馍L得更大，并深入大腸壁內(nèi)。如果不治療，癌細胞將進入血流，并擴散到鄰近的淋巴結。隨著時間的推移，這些細胞轉(zhuǎn)移到其他器官，形成更多腫瘤。結直腸癌風險因素包括：結直腸癌家族史、結腸息肉、年齡≥50歲、肥胖、吸煙、體育鍛煉少、過度飲酒、或者潰瘍性結腸炎或克羅恩病等引起結腸發(fā)炎的疾病。

Symptoms for colorectal cancer can include a change in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or having stools more narrow than usual, bright red or dark blood in the stool, feeling unable to empty your bowel, belly pain, bloating or cramps, unexplained weight loss, feeling weak or very tired, and vomiting. It's important to know that these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than colon cancer. And it's possible to have colorectal cancer without any symptoms, especially in the early stages. If you have questions about colorectal cancer, talk to your healthcare provider.

結直腸癌癥狀包括排便習慣改變，如腹瀉、便秘或便頻，大便帶鮮紅色或暗紅色的血，排便不盡感，腹痛，腹脹或絞痛，不明原因體重減輕，無力感或非常疲倦，以及嘔吐。大家要注意，這些癥狀也可能由結腸癌之外的其他疾病引起。此外，結直腸癌患者也可能不出現(xiàn)癥狀，尤其是早期階段。如對結腸癌存在疑問，請咨詢醫(yī)務人員。