SpringMVC的各種參數(shù)綁定方式
1. 基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型(以int為例,其他類(lèi)似):
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(int count) {}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><input name='count' value='10' type='text'/>......</form>
表單中input的name值和Controller的參數(shù)變量名保持一致,就能完成數(shù)據(jù)綁定,如果不一致可以使用@RequestParam注解。需要注意的是,如果Controller方法參數(shù)中定義的是基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型,但是從頁(yè)面提交過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)為null或者”'的話(huà),會(huì)出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換的異常。也就是必須保證表單傳遞過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)不能為null或”',所以,在開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,對(duì)可能為空的數(shù)據(jù),最好將參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型定義成包裝類(lèi)型,具體參見(jiàn)下面的例子。
2. 包裝類(lèi)型(以Integer為例,其他類(lèi)似):
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(Integer count) {}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><input name='count' value='10' type='text'/>......</form>
和基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型基本一樣,不同之處在于,表單傳遞過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)可以為null或”',以上面代碼為例,如果表單中num為”'或者表單中無(wú)num這個(gè)input,那么,Controller方法參數(shù)中的num值則為null。
3. 自定義對(duì)象類(lèi)型:
Model代碼:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }}
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(User user) {}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><input name='firstName' value='張' type='text'/><input name='lastName' value='三' type='text'/>......</form>
非常簡(jiǎn)單,只需將對(duì)象的屬性名和input的name值一一匹配即可。
4. 自定義復(fù)合對(duì)象類(lèi)型:
Model代碼:
public class ContactInfo { private String tel; private String address; public String getTel() { return tel; } public void setTel(String tel) { this.tel = tel; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; }}public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; private ContactInfo contactInfo; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public ContactInfo getContactInfo() { return contactInfo; } public void setContactInfo(ContactInfo contactInfo) { this.contactInfo = contactInfo; }}
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(User user) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName()); System.out.println(user.getLastName()); System.out.println(user.getContactInfo().getTel()); System.out.println(user.getContactInfo().getAddress());}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><input name='firstName' value='張' /><br><input name='lastName' value='三' /><br><input name='contactInfo.tel' value='13809908909' /><br><input name='contactInfo.address' value='北京海淀' /><br><input type='submit' value='Save' /></form> User對(duì)象中有ContactInfo屬性,Controller中的代碼和第3點(diǎn)說(shuō)的一致,但是,在表單代碼中,需要使用“屬性名(對(duì)象類(lèi)型的屬性).屬性名”來(lái)命名input的name。
5. List綁定:
List需要綁定在對(duì)象上,而不能直接寫(xiě)在Controller方法的參數(shù)中。
Model代碼:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }}public class UserListForm { private List<User> users; public List<User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(List<User> users) { this.users = users; }}
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(UserListForm userForm) { for (User user : userForm.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName() ' - ' user.getLastName()); }}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><table><thead><tr><th>First Name</th><th>Last Name</th></tr></thead><tfoot><tr><td colspan='2'><input type='submit' value='Save' /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td><input name='users[0].firstName' value='aaa' /></td><td><input name='users[0].lastName' value='bbb' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[1].firstName' value='ccc' /></td><td><input name='users[1].lastName' value='ddd' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[2].firstName' value='eee' /></td><td><input name='users[2].lastName' value='fff' /></td></tr></tbody></table></form>
其實(shí),這和第4點(diǎn)User對(duì)象中的contantInfo數(shù)據(jù)的綁定有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似,但是這里的UserListForm對(duì)象里面的屬性被定義成List,而不是普通自定義對(duì)象。所以,在表單中需要指定List的下標(biāo)。值得一提的是,Spring會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)以最大下標(biāo)值為size的List對(duì)象,所以,如果表單中有動(dòng)態(tài)添加行、刪除行的情況,就需要特別注意,譬如一個(gè)表格,用戶(hù)在使用過(guò)程中經(jīng)過(guò)多次刪除行、增加行的操作之后,下標(biāo)值就會(huì)與實(shí)際大小不一致,這時(shí)候,List中的對(duì)象,只有在表單中對(duì)應(yīng)有下標(biāo)的那些才會(huì)有值,否則會(huì)為null,看個(gè)例子:
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><table><thead><tr><th>First Name</th><th>Last Name</th></tr></thead><tfoot><tr><td colspan='2'><input type='submit' value='Save' /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td><input name='users[0].firstName' value='aaa' /></td><td><input name='users[0].lastName' value='bbb' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[1].firstName' value='ccc' /></td><td><input name='users[1].lastName' value='ddd' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[20].firstName' value='eee' /></td><td><input name='users[20].lastName' value='fff' /></td></tr></tbody></table></form>
這個(gè)時(shí)候,Controller中的userForm.getUsers()獲取到List的size為21,而且這21個(gè)User對(duì)象都不會(huì)為null,但是,第2到第19的User對(duì)象中的firstName和lastName都為null。打印結(jié)果:
aaa - bbbccc - dddnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nullnull - nulleee - fff
6. Set綁定:
Set和List類(lèi)似,也需要綁定在對(duì)象上,而不能直接寫(xiě)在Controller方法的參數(shù)中。但是,綁定Set數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),必須先在Set對(duì)象中add相應(yīng)的數(shù)量的模型對(duì)象。
Model代碼:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }}public class UserSetForm { private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>(); public UserSetForm() { users.add(new User()); users.add(new User()); users.add(new User()); } public Set<User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(Set<User> users) { this.users = users; }}
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(UserSetForm userForm) { for (User user : userForm.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName() ' - ' user.getLastName()); }}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><table><thead><tr><th>First Name</th><th>Last Name</th></tr></thead><tfoot><tr><td colspan='2'><input type='submit' value='Save' /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td><input name='users[0].firstName' value='aaa' /></td><td><input name='users[0].lastName' value='bbb' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[1].firstName' value='ccc' /></td><td><input name='users[1].lastName' value='ddd' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users[2].firstName' value='eee' /></td><td><input name='users[2].lastName' value='fff' /></td></tr></tbody></table></form>
基本和List綁定類(lèi)似。
需要特別提醒的是,如果最大下標(biāo)值大于Set的size,則會(huì)拋出org.springframework.beans.InvalidPropertyException異常。所以,在使用時(shí)有些不便。
7. Map綁定:
Map最為靈活,它也需要綁定在對(duì)象上,而不能直接寫(xiě)在Controller方法的參數(shù)中。
Model代碼:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }}public class UserMapForm { private Map<String, User> users; public Map<String, User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(Map<String, User> users) { this.users = users; }}
Controller代碼:
@RequestMapping('saysth.do')public void test(UserMapForm userForm) { for (Map.Entry<String, User> entry : userForm.getUsers().entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() ': ' entry.getValue().getFirstName() ' - ' entry.getValue().getLastName()); }}
表單代碼:
<form action='saysth.do' method='post'><table><thead><tr><th>First Name</th><th>Last Name</th></tr></thead><tfoot><tr><td colspan='2'><input type='submit' value='Save' /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td><input name='users['x'].firstName' value='aaa' /></td><td><input name='users['x'].lastName' value='bbb' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users['y'].firstName' value='ccc' /></td><td><input name='users['y'].lastName' value='ddd' /></td></tr><tr><td><input name='users['z'].firstName' value='eee' /></td><td><input name='users['z'].lastName' value='fff' /></td></tr></tbody></table></form>
打印結(jié)果:
x: aaa - bbby: ccc - dddz: eee - fff