1.查詢(xún)一張表: select * from 表名;
2.查詢(xún)指定字段:select 字段1,字段2,字段3….from 表名;
3.where條件查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2,字段3 frome 表名 where 條件表達(dá)式;
例:select * from t_studect where id=1;
select * from t_student where age>22;
4.帶in關(guān)鍵字查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]in(元素1,元素2);
例:select * from t_student where age in (21,23);
select * from t_student where age not in (21,23);
5.帶between and的范圍查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]between 取值1 and 取值2;
例:select * frome t_student where age between 21 and 29;
select * frome t_student where age not between 21 and 29;
6.帶like的模糊查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2… frome 表名 where 字段 [not] like ‘字符串’;
“%”代表任意字符;
“_”代表單個(gè)字符;
例:select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三”;
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三%”;
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘%張三%”;//含有張三的任意字符
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三_”
7.空值查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 字段 is[not] null;
8.帶and的多條件查詢(xún):
select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 條件表達(dá)式1 and 條件表達(dá)式2 [and 條件表達(dá)式n]
例:select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年級(jí)’ and age=23;
9.帶or的多條件查詢(xún)
select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 條件表達(dá)式1 or 條件表達(dá)式2 [or 條件表達(dá)式n]
例:select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年級(jí)’ or age=23;//或者,條件只要滿(mǎn)足一個(gè)
10.distinct去重復(fù)查詢(xún):select distinct 字段名 from 表名;
11.對(duì)查詢(xún)結(jié)果排序order by:select 字段1,字段2…from 表名 order by 屬性名 [asc|desc]
例:select * frome t_student order by age desc;//降序,從大到小
select * frome t_student order by age asc;//升序,asc默認(rèn)可以不寫(xiě)
12.分組查詢(xún)group by
group by 屬性名 [having 條件表達(dá)式][with rollup]
1.單獨(dú)使用(毫無(wú)意義,不能單獨(dú)使用);
2.與group_concat()函數(shù)一起使用;
例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
3.與聚合函數(shù)一起使用;
例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
4.與having一起使用(顯示輸出的結(jié)果);
例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName having count(stuName)>3;
5.與with rollup 一起使用(最后加入一個(gè)總和行);
例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName with rollup;
13.limit 分頁(yè)查詢(xún):select 字段1,字段2,…from 表名 limit 初始位置,記錄數(shù);
例子:select * from t_student limit 0,5;
多表連接查詢(xún)
表一:t_book
表二:t_bookType
表三:t_priceLevel
select * from t_book,t_bookType;
1.內(nèi)連接查詢(xún)(兩張或以上的表連接起來(lái)查詢(xún)需要的數(shù)據(jù))
根據(jù)表一的bookTypeId查詢(xún)出所有bookTypeName
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
查詢(xún)某幾個(gè)字段:
select bookNme,author from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
2.外連接查詢(xún)(兩張或以上的表連接起來(lái)查詢(xún)某張表的信息)
3.左連接查詢(xún)
select * from t_book left join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
如下圖:表一(左邊表)t_book的數(shù)據(jù)全部查出 表二沒(méi)有的字段用null代替
4.右連接查詢(xún)
select * from t_book right join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
查出表二(右邊表)的所有信息,表一沒(méi)有的用null代替
5.多條件連接查詢(xún)
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id and t_book.price>70;
子查詢(xún)
1.帶in關(guān)鍵字的子查詢(xún)(一個(gè)查詢(xún)語(yǔ)句的條件可能落在另一個(gè)select語(yǔ)句的查詢(xún)結(jié)果中)
select * from t_book where bookType in(select id from t_bookType);
select * from t_book where bookType not in(select id from t_bookType);
2.帶比較運(yùn)算符的子查詢(xún)(子查詢(xún)可以使用比較運(yùn)算符)
select * from t_book where price>=(select price from t_priceLevel where priceLevel=1);
3.帶exists關(guān)鍵字的子查詢(xún)(加入子查詢(xún)查詢(xún)到記錄,則進(jìn)行外層查詢(xún),否則,不執(zhí)行外層查詢(xún))
select * from t_book where exists(select * from t_booktype);
select * from t_book where not exists(select * from t_booktype);
4.帶any關(guān)鍵字的子查詢(xún)(any關(guān)鍵字表示滿(mǎn)足其中任一條件)
select * from t_book where price>= any(select price from t_priceLevel);
5.帶all關(guān)鍵字的子查詢(xún)(all關(guān)鍵字表示滿(mǎn)足所有條件)
select * from t_book where price>= all(select price from t_priceLevel);
合并查詢(xún)
1.union
使用union關(guān)鍵字是,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)會(huì)將所有的查詢(xún)結(jié)果合并到一起,然后去掉相同的記錄;
select id from t_book union select id from t_bookType;
2.union all
使用union all,不會(huì)去除掉重復(fù)的記錄;
select id from t_book union all select id from t_bookType;