都說(shuō)膳食纖維對(duì)健康重要,可是你知道膳食纖維有哪些好處嗎?今天食與心帶你詳細(xì)了解膳食纖維的好處及原因,探討膳食纖維有益同時(shí)有無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的問(wèn)題。
一. 膳食纖維種類及其來(lái)源
膳食纖維,是人體必須的第七大營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,一般認(rèn)為不能被人體胃腸道直接消化,因而無(wú)法產(chǎn)生熱量,但對(duì)于生理健康非常重要。根據(jù)在水中的溶解性和在人體腸道的發(fā)酵情況,膳食纖維可分為,可溶性纖維和不可溶性纖維,可發(fā)酵纖維和不可發(fā)酵纖維。
可溶性膳食纖維主要包括果膠、果聚糖(如菊粉和低聚果糖)、β-葡聚糖、乳糖、人乳低聚糖、低聚半乳糖、海帶多糖、棉子糖和水蘇糖等,可溶于水,可被腸道細(xì)菌發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生各種代謝產(chǎn)物,比如短鏈脂肪酸;不可溶性膳食纖維主要包括纖維素、半纖維素、抗性淀粉和木質(zhì)素等,不溶于水,但部分可被腸道微生物代謝。
膳食纖維是人體健康必須的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,膳食纖維多寡是評(píng)價(jià)飲食是否健康的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)之一。但是依賴膳食纖維供養(yǎng)的主要并不是人類本身,而是人類的腸道共生微生物;
不同膳食纖維可促進(jìn)腸道不同細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)
高纖維飲食可提升腸道健康水平
膳食纖維可通過(guò)調(diào)控腸道微生物的種類及其生長(zhǎng),改善腸道健康和腸腦功能,通過(guò)腸-腦軸、腸-肝軸、腸-腎軸、腸-心-腎軸和腸-肺軸等等促進(jìn)人體身心健康[1, 2]。
二. 膳食纖維對(duì)人有哪些好處
膳食纖維發(fā)揮有益作用,一方面是通過(guò)膳食纖維本身,一方面是通過(guò)膳食纖維的活性代謝產(chǎn)物——短鏈脂肪酸/SCFAs實(shí)現(xiàn)的,主要是三種短鏈脂肪酸——乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,人體90-95%的短鏈脂肪酸在大腸產(chǎn)生。由于人體很多器官細(xì)胞表面都有識(shí)別短鏈脂肪酸的游離脂肪酸受體,膳食纖維的影響除了消化道,還可達(dá)到全身多個(gè)器官[1-25]。下面,食與心帶你簡(jiǎn)單了解膳食纖維對(duì)人體的影響。
膳食纖維通過(guò)其代謝產(chǎn)物乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,影響全身健康
1) 預(yù)防和治療便秘
2) 增強(qiáng)腸道屏障功能,預(yù)防和改善腸漏
膳食纖維可促進(jìn)腸道有益菌生長(zhǎng),降低腸粘膜滲透性,降低腸道炎癥,增強(qiáng)腸道免疫功能
3) 解毒功能
4) 預(yù)防炎癥性腸病(包括克羅恩病和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎)
5) 降低結(jié)直腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(主要是短鏈脂肪酸中的丁酸)
6) 抗炎癥、提高免疫力
7) 促進(jìn)鈣吸收,預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松
8) 增加飽腹感,幫助減肥
9) 改善血糖調(diào)控,預(yù)防和改善二型糖尿病
10) 降低低密度膽固醇即壞膽固醇濃度
更重要的部分在后邊,比如膳食纖維的其他12項(xiàng)好處及有無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),敬請(qǐng)注意閱讀!
參考文獻(xiàn):
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