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神話 mythology

歷史 history

藝術(shù)  art

橄欖 olives

橄欖油 olive oil

葡萄酒 wine

大劇場 theater

奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) Olympic games

民主 democracy

雕塑 sculpture

衛(wèi)城  acropolis

帕特農(nóng)神殿 Parthenon temple

……

 1, 希臘位于歐洲南部，全國總?cè)丝跒橐磺б话偃f。首都雅典。

Greece is located in southern Europe. Its total population is 11 million. The capital is Athens.

2，克里特島是希臘最大的島，位于希臘最南部。

Crete is the largest island in Greece, located in the southernmost part of Greece.

3，希臘擁有2000多座島嶼，而有人居住的有170座。

Greece has over 2,000 islands and only 170 of them are populated.

4，希臘是世界上日照最多的國家之一，每年有250個(gè)晴天。

Greece is considered to be one of the sunniest countries in the World, with over 250 sunny days each year.

5，希臘擁有一億兩千萬顆橄欖樹，其中有仍然能結(jié)出果實(shí)的800年老樹。

There are over 120 million olive trees in Greece; some of them are from the 13th century and still producing olives.

6，希臘是擁有考古遺址博物館最多的國家。

Greece is the country with the most archaeological museums.

7，雅典衛(wèi)城是雅典娜女神的崇拜圣地。

Acropolis is the sanctuary of goddess Athena.

8，奧林匹斯山是希臘最高的山，海拔2918米。希臘神話中的十二大神就住在那里。

The highest point in Greece, Mount Olympus,2918 meters above sea level,was considered to be home of the Gods.

9，伊索寓言是古希臘人伊索的動(dòng)物寓言故事集，約公元前600年。

Aesop’s fables are famous stories about animals that talk, around 600 B.C

10，荷馬史詩是傳說中盲人詩人荷馬創(chuàng)作的英雄史詩，《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》。

Homer's epic is from the legendary blind poet Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey.

11，英語單詞中有六千多個(gè)來自希臘語。如數(shù)學(xué)，學(xué)院，字母，哲學(xué)，地理等等。

There are thousands of English words that came from Greek language, words like marathon, academy, alphabet, philosophy, geography and many others.

12，希臘語有24個(gè)字母，第一個(gè)字母是Αα，最后一個(gè)字母是Ωω。

Greek has 24 letters, the first letter is Α α, and the last letter is Ω ω.

13，歐洲（Europe）大陸的名稱是以希臘神話中的公主歐羅巴的名字命名的。

Europe is named after the princess Europa of Greek mythology.

14，未經(jīng)審視的人生不值得度過?！?蘇格拉底

Unexamined life is not worth living.—— Socrates 

15，希臘人能歌善舞。

Greeks love to sing and to dance.

愛琴海 Aegean Sea

地中海 Mediterranean Sea

基克拉底群島 Cyclades

克里特島  Crete

小亞西亞Asia Minor

黑海 Black Sea

奧林匹斯山 Olympus

雅典 Athens

斯巴達(dá) Sparta

科林斯 Corinth

德爾斐 Delphi

奧林匹亞 Olympia

馬其頓 Macedonia

特洛伊 Troy

邁錫尼 Mycenae

伯羅奔尼撒半島 Peloponnese

民主   Democracy

AB字母  The Alphabet

圖書館  The Library

奧運(yùn)會(huì)  The Olympics

科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)  Science and Mathematics

建筑   Architecture

神話   Mythology

燈塔   The Lighthouse

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化醫(yī)學(xué)  Standardized Medicine

陪審團(tuán)審判  Trial by Jury

戲劇   The Theater

希臘從公元前1100年到前800年被描述為黑暗時(shí)期，因?yàn)槲覀儗@一時(shí)期發(fā)生的事情知之甚少，盡管新的考古發(fā)掘揭示了更多的東西。 這一時(shí)期，希臘人書寫技能喪失殆盡，所以沒有任何文獻(xiàn)記錄，而且其他文明國家的人、如埃及人也很少提及希臘人。

The period in Greece from 1100 to 800BC is sometimes described as the Dark Ages, as we know very little about what was happening - although new excavations are starting to reveal more. The Greeks lost the art of writing, so they left no written records, and foreigners, such as the Egyptians, hardly mention them either.

黑暗時(shí)期開始，希臘人口大幅下降。這很可能是由于邁錫尼時(shí)代末期該地區(qū)廣泛的饑荒和戰(zhàn)爭襲擊所致。 宮殿被毀壞了，整個(gè)生活方式也崩潰了。舊式的金屬和陶器制品都消失了，濕壁畫和寶石切割等技藝也被遺忘了。

By the beginning of Dark Age period, the population in Greece had fallen hugely. This was most probably due to the widespread famine and warfare that hit the region at the end of the Mycenaean period. The palaces were destroyed, and a whole way of life crumbled with them. Old styles of metalwork and pottery died out, and skills such as fresco-painting and gem-cutting were forgotten.

大多數(shù)人都非常貧窮，可能他們種出來的莊稼僅將將夠吃。他們住在用泥磚砌成的規(guī)格很小的屋子里，屋頂是茅草搭建的。這些材料不會(huì)經(jīng)久耐用，因此這一時(shí)期的建筑物很少有保存下來的。

Most people were very poor and probably grew just enough to eat. They would have lived in small huts made of mud brick, with thatched roofs. As these materials do not last long, few buildings from this period have survived.

公元前800年后的某個(gè)時(shí)候，希臘文化顯現(xiàn)出明顯的復(fù)興跡象。這個(gè)新時(shí)代被稱為古風(fēng)時(shí)期，它一直持續(xù)到公元前500年左右。這一時(shí)期希臘人口增長，與其他地區(qū)的聯(lián)系越來越多。希臘藝術(shù)制造得到極大的改善，書寫技能得到重新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。

Sometime after 800BC, Greek culture was showing marked signs of revival. This new era, which lasted until around 500BC, is known as the Archaic Period. The Greek population grew and there was increasing contact with other lands. Greek art improved and the skill of writings rediscovered and developed.

隨著狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，人口不斷增加，貿(mào)易百廢俱興。一群一群的希臘人開始離開希臘大陸，在海外建立新的城池，也許這是為了去建立新的貿(mào)易站點(diǎn)。

這些希臘人定居的地區(qū)就叫殖民地，而且很快就成長為獨(dú)立的城邦。首當(dāng)其沖的是愛奧尼亞地區(qū)，它位于小亞細(xì)亞（現(xiàn)在的土耳其西海岸）。后來，有許多人都在地中海周圍地區(qū)定居，從法國到黑海都有。殖民地經(jīng)常建在有天然港口和良好農(nóng)田的地方，當(dāng)?shù)厝艘捕己苡押谩?/p>

As things began to recover, the population started to increase and trade resumed. Groups of people began leaving the Greek mainland to found new cities overseas, perhaps to build up new trading posts. 

The areas where these people settled, known as colonies, soon grew into independent city states. The first of these, Ionia, was on the west coast of Asia Minor (now Turkey). Later groups settled all around the Mediterranean, from France to the Black Sea. The colonies were often in places with a natural port and good farmland, where the locals were friendly.

古風(fēng)時(shí)期，希臘大陸由許多小城邦國組成，在政治上彼此獨(dú)立。 希臘語“城邦”這個(gè)詞是polis – 它就是“政治” politics一詞的詞源。 雖然這些城邦國彼此之間往往是競爭對手，有時(shí)甚至相互發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，但他們擁有相同的希臘身份 —— 共同的語言、文化和宗教，這些因素在他們之間建立了密不可分的聯(lián)系。

By the Archaic Period, mainland Greece was made up of a cluster of small city states, politically independent from each other. The word the Greeks used for a city-state was polis - which is the origin of the word “politics”. Although these states were often rivals, and sometimes fought wars against each other, they shared the same Greek identity - a common language, culture and religion – which created strong links between them.

希臘人喜歡保持小規(guī)模政體，即使是在最大的城邦雅典，也只有幾千名公民。每個(gè)城邦都是由一個(gè)城墻圍繞的城區(qū)及周圍的鄉(xiāng)村組成。城墻內(nèi)陸勢較高的地方稱為衛(wèi)城，城外還有一個(gè)用于市場交易和市政管理的開放區(qū)域，稱為集市（Agora）。

The Greeks liked to keep their political units fairly small even the largest city- state, Athens, had no more than a few thousand citizens. Each polis consisted of a single city, enclosed by walls, and its surrounding countryside. Inside the walls was an area of high ground, called an acropolis, and an open area, called an agora, which was used for markets and meetings.

古風(fēng)時(shí)期開始時(shí)，大多數(shù)希臘城邦都是由富裕的土地所有者統(tǒng)治的，他們是貴族階層， 這種統(tǒng)治機(jī)構(gòu)被稱為貴族統(tǒng)治，詞義是“由重要人士統(tǒng)治”。通常來說，他們中如果有人不受歡迎了，貴族們就會(huì)選出另一個(gè)受人尊敬的重要人物來替代，這種做法被稱為寡頭政治，意思是“少數(shù)人的統(tǒng)治”。

隨著貿(mào)易活動(dòng)的增加，中產(chǎn)階級商人和工匠開始增多，他們憎恨貴族階層，并要求在政治中擁有一席之地，而這經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致不同社會(huì)階層群體之間的暴亂。

At the beginning of the Archaic period, most Greek states were governed by groups of rich landowners, called aristocrats. This kind of government is known as an aristocracy, which means “rule by the important people”. Sometimes, if they were unpopular, the aristocrats chose respected, important men to rule instead. This is called an oligarchy, which means “rule by the few”.

As trading activities increased, a middle class of merchants and craftsmen began to prosper. They resented the aristocracy and demanded a role in politics. This often led to riots between different social groups.

斯巴達(dá) Sparta

雅典  Athens

科林斯 Corinth

底比斯 Thebes

提洛島 Delos

羅德島 Rhodes

以弗所 Ephesus

阿爾戈斯 Argos

薩摩斯島 Samos

米提利尼 Mytilene

奧林匹斯12大神

12 Olympian Gods and Goddess

1, 阿芙洛蒂忒 Aphrodite

阿芙洛蒂忒是愛與美之女神，她是從大海中誕生的。因?yàn)樗L得特別漂亮，所以有很多愛慕者，其中之一就是戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯，他們生了小愛神厄洛斯（羅馬神話中的丘比特）。阿芙洛蒂忒的丈夫是阿瑞斯的哥哥——火神赫淮斯托斯。她的標(biāo)志是玫瑰花、 鴿子、麻雀、公羊和海豚。

Aphrodite is the goddess of Love and Beauty. She was born in the sea. She had many admirers because of her great beauty. One of them was Ares, with whom she gave birth to Eros, the god of love (Cupid in Roman mythology). Her husband was Hephaestus, the god of fire. He is the brother of Ares. Her symbols were roses, doves, sparrows, dolphins and rams.

阿芙洛蒂忒是愛與美之女神，羅馬神話中的維納斯，角色：愛、美與和平。標(biāo)志：紅玫瑰、心形、鴿子和魔幻腰帶。 

2, 阿瑞斯  Ares

阿瑞斯是戰(zhàn)神，是宙斯與赫拉的兒子，他脾氣暴躁，總愛挑起戰(zhàn)爭。 他很強(qiáng)壯而英俊，是一位戰(zhàn)爭專家，但也是嫉妒心強(qiáng)的情人。他曾經(jīng)在雅典的亞略巴古山上因謀殺罪而受審，這座小山后來成為古代雅典的法庭，并以他的名字命名。他的標(biāo)志是燃燒著的火炬、長矛、狗。

Ares is the god of war, the son of Zeus and Hera. He has a violent temper and was always picking fights. He was strong and handsome, and an expert of war but jealous lover. He once had to stand trial for murder in Athens, on the hill of the Areopagus, which was named after him. His symbols were a burning torch, a spear and dogs.  

 阿瑞斯的標(biāo)志是：火炬、矛、狗（有時(shí)是狗頭）、禿鷹、野豬頭是他的力量象征，蛇和頭盔

3 阿波羅  Apollo

阿波羅是太陽神和音樂神，是阿耳忒彌斯的弟弟作為德爾斐的保護(hù)神，他是可以在德爾斐神諭所發(fā)布神諭的預(yù)言神。他的標(biāo)志是弓和箭，里拉琴，月桂樹枝。

Apollo is the god of sun and music. He was the twin brother of Artemis. As the patron of Delphi, he is an oracular god - the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. His symbols were bow and arrows, the lyre, branch of Laurel.

 阿波羅的標(biāo)志：太陽、里拉琴（樂器）、弓箭和馬車

4 阿耳忒彌斯  Artemis

阿耳忒彌斯是月亮女神和狩獵女神。 她從未結(jié)婚，非常獨(dú)立，在復(fù)仇時(shí)可能是非常無情的。 她保護(hù)年輕女孩和孕婦，也是野生動(dòng)物的情人。 她的標(biāo)志是柏樹、鹿和狗。

Artemis was the moon goddess and huntress. She never married, was fiercely independent and could be merciless in her vengeance. She protected young girls and pregnant women and was the mistress of wild animals. Her symbols were cypress trees, deers and dogs.

 阿耳忒彌斯，羅馬神話稱為戴阿納。

角色：月亮神、狩獵女神、森林精靈保護(hù)神和少女保護(hù)神

標(biāo)志：鹿、半月、弓和箭

5 雅典娜 Athena

雅典娜是宙斯把女泰坦墨提斯變成一只蒼蠅吞下后，從宙斯的頭上出生的。雅典娜是智慧女神和女戰(zhàn)神，她也是雅典的守護(hù)神。她很少發(fā)脾氣，但如果把她激怒了，她就會(huì)致命。 她的象征是貓頭鷹和橄欖樹。

Athena was born from the head of Zeus after he swallowed the Titaness Metis in the form of a fly. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and war and the patron goddess of Athens. She rarely lost her temper, but if angered she could be deadly. Her symbols were the owl and the olive tree.

6 德墨忒耳 Demeter

德墨忒耳是大地女神、植物和收獲女神。她的女兒珀?duì)柸椭?。但?dāng)珀耳塞福涅被冥王普路斯綁架成為他的妻子時(shí)，德墨忒耳去尋找她。她的象征是一捆小麥或大麥。

Demeter was the goddess of the earth, plants and harvests. She was helped by her daughter Persephone, but when Persephone was kidnapped by Pluto to be his wife, Demeter abandoned her duties to go in search of her. Her symbol was a sheaf of wheat or barley.

左邊是德墨忒耳，大地女神和生育女神，她在給年輕的王子特里普托勒摩斯（Triptolemos）玉米，他將把農(nóng)業(yè)知識傳授給人類。 右邊矗立著手持火炬的珀?duì)柸?，她從地下世界回來，象征使農(nóng)作物生機(jī)勃勃的季節(jié)變化。

To the left Demeter, goddess of the earth and fertility, is shown giving corn to the young Triptolemos, who will pass on the knowledge of agriculture to humankind. On the right stands Persephone with her torch, who having returned from the underworld symbolizes the turning of the seasons that enables agriculture to flourish.

7 宙斯 Zeus

宙斯是眾神之神，與他的妹妹赫拉結(jié)婚。 他有兩個(gè)兒子和兩個(gè)女兒：阿瑞斯，赫淮斯托斯，厄里斯（糾紛女神）和赫柏（青春女神）。 但他與赫拉的關(guān)系非常具有爆炸性。 這是因?yàn)樗c凡人（人）女人有許多戀情，以許多不同的偽裝出現(xiàn)在他們身上 - 如公牛，天鵝或金色淋浴。 他的象征是霹靂，鷹和橡樹。

Zeus, the ruler of gods, was married to his sister, Hera. He had two sons and two daughters by her: Ares, Hephestus, Eris and Hebe. But his relationship with Hera was very explosive. This was because he had many love affair with mortal (human) women, appearing to them in many different disguises - as a bull, a swan, or a shower of gold. His symbols were the thunderbolt, the eagle and the oak tree.

8 赫拉 Hera

赫拉是克羅諾斯（天空神）和瑞亞（大地女神）的女兒，也是宙斯的姐妹和妻子。作為婦女和婚姻的保護(hù)者，她很驕傲，同時(shí)也嫉妒心很強(qiáng)。她大部分時(shí)間都在追逐她丈夫的許多情人，并以巧妙和殘酷的方式對她們進(jìn)行懲罰。 赫拉的標(biāo)志是孔雀和石榴。

Hera was the daughter of Cronos and Rhea, and the sister and wife of Zeus. As the protector of women and marriage, she was proud and jealous, and spent much of her time chasing her husband's many lovers and punishing them in ingenious and cruel ways. Hera's symbol was the peacock and pomegranate.

9 赫淮斯托斯 Hephestus

赫淮斯托斯是工匠的守護(hù)神，他很勤勞，善于制造和做善事，但生活對他來說不盡人意。 小時(shí)候，他就被脾氣暴躁的母親赫拉從奧林匹斯山上扔了出去，他從此就成了瘸子。阿芙羅狄蒂違背自己的意愿被迫嫁給他，這使他不斷地遭受妻子的不忠之苦。

Hephestus is the patron of craftsmen, was hard-working, skilled at making things and kind, but life was unkind to him. As a child he was crippled after being thrown from Olympus by his bad-tempered mother Hera. Aphrodite was forced to marry him against her will and he suffered ever after from her constant infidelities.

10 波塞冬 Poseidon

Poseidon was the brother of Zeus and Hera, and King of the Oceans. He lived in an underwater palace, rode a gold chariot with white horses, and controlled storms, sea monsters and earthquakes. His symbols were a trident, dolphins and horses.

波塞冬是宙斯和赫拉的兄弟，是海洋之主宰。 他住在水下宮殿里，駕著一輛白馬金色戰(zhàn)車。他控制著風(fēng)暴、海怪和地震。他的標(biāo)志是三叉戟、海豚和馬匹。

11 赫斯提亞 Hestia

赫斯提亞是女灶神，也是家庭住所的保護(hù)神，因此她很受歡迎。每個(gè)家庭都有一個(gè)供奉她的神龕。 她安靜溫和，從不卷入奧林匹斯山上不斷爆發(fā)的爭風(fēng)吃醋。 她最終放棄了她在奧林匹斯山上位置，由酒神狄俄尼索斯取而代之。

Hestia is the goddess of the Hearth. She was very popular, as she protected people’s homes. Every family had a shrine dedicated to her. She was quiet and gentle and did not get involved in the jealous quarrels that blew up all the time on Mount Olympus. She eventually gave up her place on Olympus to Dionysus.

12狄奧尼索斯Dionysus

狄俄尼索斯是從宙斯的大腿中出生的。 怎么回事？他是酒神和戲劇之神。 他游走世界各地，教人們?nèi)绾斡闷咸厌勗斐銎咸丫啤?他過著狂野而快樂的生活，身邊總有一大群狂熱的追隨者，其中男性叫薩堤爾，女性叫邁那得斯。

Dionysus was born from the thigh of Zeus. How come? He was the god of wine and plays. He journeyed around the world, teaching people how to make wine from grapes. He led a wild, pleasure –filled life, attended by fanatical followers, male creatures called Satyr, female called Maenads.

13 普路托  Pluto

冥王普路托是宙斯和波塞冬的兄弟，也是地下世界的主宰。希臘神話中他叫哈得斯（希臘語：?δη?） 他駕駛的是黑馬戰(zhàn)車，小心翼翼地守著死人。冥王非常富有，擁有大地中的所有寶石和金屬。大地女神德墨忒耳的女兒珀?duì)柸Ｄ撬钠拮印?/p>

Pluto was the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, and King of underworld. He drove a chariot with black horses and guarded the soul of dead people. Pluto was extremely rich, as he owned all the precious stones and metals inside the Earth. Persephone, the daughter of Demeter, was his wife.

14 美麗的海倫 The beautiful Helen

The beautiful Helen, was said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. She was married to King Menelaus of Sparta but was abducted by Prince Paris of Troy after the goddess Aphrodite promised her to him in the 'Judgement of Paris'.  

美麗的海倫據(jù)說是世界上最美麗的女人，與斯巴達(dá)國王墨涅勞斯結(jié)婚，但是她被特洛伊王子帕瑞斯誘拐了，這是阿佛洛狄忒女神在“帕瑞斯的審判”中向他作出許諾之后發(fā)生的。

 海倫與墨涅勞斯，阿提卡黑繪陶瓶，約公元前550年。

Helen and Menelaus. Attic black-figure amphora, ca. 550 BCE.

15 潘神 Pan

潘神是半人半羊神。他是森林之神，通常用山羊腿和角、手持排簫來描繪。作為一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村神，供奉潘神不是在神殿中，而是在天然的洞穴里。他看起來很狂野。英語“恐慌”（panic）這個(gè)詞來源于潘神的名字。

Pan is a half-human, half-goat deity. He was a nature god of forest, and usually depicted with the legs of a goat, horns and carrying a pan-pipe.  Being a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples but in natural caves. He looks very wild. The word panic derives from the god of Pan.

 阿芙洛蒂忒、潘神、小愛神厄洛斯。

Aphrodite, Pan and Eros.

16珀耳塞福涅 Persephone

珀?duì)柸Ｄ侵嫠购偷媚呐畠?，她幫助母親收獲莊稼。 她被冥王綁架，成了冥界的女后，但是她非常不開心。 作為討價(jià)還價(jià)的結(jié)果：她一年中有三個(gè)季節(jié)（春夏秋），與她的母親在一起，一個(gè)季節(jié)（冬）與冥王相伴。 珀?duì)柸Ｄ臉?biāo)志是石榴。

Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter and helped her mother with harvest. She was kidnapped by Pluto to be Queen of the Underworld, but she was very unhappy. So a bargain was struck: she spent three seasons of the year with her mother (spring, summer and autumn), and one season with Pluto (winter). Persephone's symbol was the pomegranate.  

17 潘多拉的盒子 Pandora’s Box

宙斯創(chuàng)造了潘多拉，作為世界上的第一位女性給普羅米修斯做妻子。他要求赫淮斯托斯用泥土塑造她的形象，然后為她注入生命。他給了她一個(gè)漂亮的盒子，卻禁止她打開。 但有一天，她的好奇心戰(zhàn)勝了她，她打開了蓋子。 隨著可怕的嘩嘩聲，從盒子里飛出了世界上所有的罪孽惡行、生老病死。最后飛出來是希望。它意味著，盡管有許多恐怖的事情，人們還是不應(yīng)該絕望。

Zeus created Pandora, the first woman of the world, as a wife for Prometheus. He asked Hephaestus to shape her out of clay, and then breathed life into her. He gave her a beautiful box, which he forbade her to open. But one day her curiosity overcame her, and she opened the lid. With a terrible rushing sound, out of the box flew all the evils of the world – sin, sickness, age and death. Finally, one last thing flew out. It was Hope, and it meant that despite these horrors, people should not despair.

18 普羅米修斯 Prometheus

普羅米修斯使天神宙斯很煩惱，因?yàn)樗焉窠绲拿孛芙探o了人類。他告訴人們?nèi)绾畏N植莊稼，如何馴服馬匹，還有如何將植物做成藥物。當(dāng)他向人類介紹如何使用火這個(gè)秘密時(shí)，宙斯非常憤怒，于是就設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)非常可怕的懲罰辦法。 普羅米修斯被鎖綁在高加索山的一塊巖石上，每天都有一只禿鷲來叼食他的肝臟。 而每天晚上，肝部都會(huì)長好。多年的折磨之后，普羅米修斯終于被赫拉克勒斯救了出來。

Prometheus upset Zeus, the king of the gods, by teaching the gods’ secrets to humans. He showed them how to grow crops, tame horses and use plants as medicines. When he gave humans the secret of fire, Zeus was furious and devised a terrible punishment. Prometheus was chained to a rock on Mount Caucasus, and every day a vulture came and tore out his liver. Every night, it grew back. After many years of this torture, Prometheus was finally rescued by Heracles.

19 阿波羅與達(dá)夫妮 Apollo and Daphne

阿波羅愛上了美麗的達(dá)芙妮，但是達(dá)夫妮根本不想得到阿波羅的愛。她跑去向大地女神祈禱來拯救她。當(dāng)阿波羅即將抓住她的時(shí)候，她的祈禱得到了回應(yīng)，大地女神把她變成了一棵月桂樹。從那以后，阿波羅就總戴著月桂花環(huán)，這是為了紀(jì)念達(dá)夫妮。

Apollo fell in love with a beautiful Daphne. But she didn't want his attention, and she ran away praying to Mother Earth to save her. Just as Apollo was about to catch her, her prayers were answered and she was turned into a laurel tree. From then on, Apollo wore a wreath of laurel leaves in her memory.

20 忒修斯與米諾怪牛 Theseus and the Minotaur

忒修斯是雅典國王愛琴（Aegeus）的兒子。雅典人每年被迫將十四名童男童女送到克里特島，給那里的米諾怪牛作食物，這頭怪牛住在由代達(dá)羅斯建造的迷宮之中。忒修斯決定乘船前往克里特島殺死這頭怪牛。他告訴父親，如果他成功的話，他會(huì)把船換上白帆返航回家。假若回來時(shí)是黑帆，那么國王愛琴就會(huì)馬上知道忒修斯死了。

在克里特島，米諾斯國王的女兒阿里阿德納愛上了忒修斯。她給了他一把劍來殺死怪牛，還給了他一個(gè)線團(tuán)，忒修斯將線團(tuán)的一頭綁在迷宮的入口，這樣就幫助他找到出口。他找到了怪牛，將其殺死并逃脫。

然后他和阿里阿德納及雅典人一行從克里特島逃離。在返回雅典的途中，他們在納克索斯島停留。這時(shí)，忒修斯對阿里阿德涅感到厭倦了。一天晚上，當(dāng)她沉睡時(shí)，忒休斯獨(dú)自啟航。眾神懲罰他的怯懦，故意讓他忘記換白風(fēng)帆。當(dāng)老國王愛琴看到了遠(yuǎn)處的黑帆船，相信他的兒子已經(jīng)死了，于是就跳海自盡了。這片海域現(xiàn)在被稱為愛琴海。

Theseus was the son of King Aegeus of Athens. Once a year the Athenians were forced to send fourteen young men and women to Crete as food for the Minotaur, a monster which lived in a maze called the Labyrinth, built by Daedalus. Theseus decided to sail to Crete with the victims to kill the Minotaur. He told his father that when he came home he would put white sails on his ship if he had been successful. If the ship had its usual black sails, Aegeus would know Theseus was dead.

In Crete, King Minos's daughter Ariadne fell in love with Theseus. She gave him a sword to kill the Minotaur and a ball of thread, which Theseus tied to the entrance of the Labyrinth to help him find his way out. He found the Minotaur, killed it and escaped. Then he, Ariadne and the other Athenians fled from Crete On the way back to Athens, they stopped at the island of Naxos. By now Theseus was bored of Ariadne and one night, when she was asleep, he set sail without her. The gods punished him for his cowardice by making him forget to hoist his white sails. Aegeus saw the black sails and, believing his son was dead, threw himself off a cliff. The sea where he died is now called the Aegean Sea.

21 赫拉克勒斯 Heracles

赫拉克勒斯是最受歡迎的希臘神話英雄。 他是宙斯的兒子，母親是叫阿萊梅恩（Alcmene）。宙斯的妻子赫拉非常嫉妒她，于是就試圖殺死赫拉克勒斯。 當(dāng)赫拉克勒斯還是個(gè)嬰兒的時(shí)候，她就派了兩條致命的蟒蛇來到他的搖籃里咬他。而小赫拉克勒斯赤手空拳扼殺了蟒蛇，這讓每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。

赫拉克勒斯后與梅加拉結(jié)婚，因力大無比且勇猛頑強(qiáng)而聞名。 這時(shí)赫拉開始嫉妒他的幸福家庭，于是使壞讓他在瘋狂中殺死了自己的妻子和孩子。當(dāng)他事后看到自己所做的事情時(shí)，感到非常震驚，他并向德爾斐神諭所祈求神諭，詢問如何彌補(bǔ)損失。 他被告知自己是梯林斯國王歐律斯透斯（Eurystheus）的奴隸，要完成他交給赫拉克勒斯的十二個(gè)“不可能”的任務(wù)（被稱為赫拉克勒斯十二偉業(yè)），包括殺死怪物和尋找稀有物品等。 如他能夠做到這一切，將能洗清他的罪孽。

在眾神的幫助下，赫拉克勒斯成功完成了十二項(xiàng)任務(wù)，并獲得永生。

Heracles was the Greeks' most popular hero. He was the son of Zeus and a human named Alcmene, Zeus' wife Hera was jealous of Alemene and so she tried to kill Heracles. When he was still a baby, she sent two deadly serpents to bite him in his cradle. But he amazed everyone by strangling the serpents with his bare hands.

Heracles married Megara, and became famous for his great strength and courage. But Hera was jealous of his happiness and drove him insane, so that he killed his wife and children. When he saw what he had done, he was horrified and asked the Oracle at Delphi how he could make amends. He was told to offer himself as a slave to King Eurystheus of Tyrins, who gave Heracles twelve 'impossible' tasks (known as the Twelve Labours of Heracles) involving killing monsters and finding rare objects. If he was able do them all he would be cleansed of his guilt.

With the help of the gods, Heracles succeeded and became immortal.

22 俄狄浦斯  Oedipus

俄狄浦斯是底比斯國王萊烏斯和王后喬卡斯塔的兒子。一個(gè)神諭預(yù)言到，俄狄浦斯會(huì)殺死他的父親并娶他的母親，于是嬰兒俄狄浦斯就被拋棄在山上等死。 一位牧羊人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他，并將他帶到科林斯，讓科林斯國王和王后領(lǐng)養(yǎng)他。 多年以后，俄狄浦斯聽到了這個(gè)神諭預(yù)言，就逃離了科林斯，因?yàn)樗詾榭屏炙沟膰鹾屯鹾缶褪撬嬲母改浮?/p>

在前往底比斯的途中，他與一個(gè)陌生人爭斗并殺死了他，他沒有意識到這才是他真正的父親萊烏斯。 然后，在破解了一條謎語并擊敗了那個(gè)斯芬克斯怪物（獅身人面怪獸）之后，他當(dāng)上了底比斯國王，并與王后喬卡斯塔——他是真正的母親結(jié)婚。當(dāng)真相大白時(shí)，王后喬卡斯塔羞愧地將自己絞死，俄狄浦斯也戳瞎了自己的眼睛。 他隨后逃離了底比斯，并死于阿提卡半島。

Oedipus was the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes. An oracle predicted that Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother, so baby Oedipus was left on a mountain to die. A shepherd found him and took him to Corinth where the king and queen adopted him. Years later, Oedipus heard the oracle's prophecy and ran away from Corinth, believing the king and queen were his real parents.

On the way to Thebes, he killed a stranger in a fight, not realizing that it was his real father Laius. Then, after solving a riddle and defeating a monster called the sphinx, he became King of Thebes and married the queen, Jocasta - his real mother. When the truth came out, Jocasta hanged herself in shame and Oedipus blinded himself. He fled from Thebes and died at Attica.

23 帕爾修斯與美杜莎 Perseus and Medusa

珀?duì)栃匏故侵嫠沟膬鹤樱赣H名叫達(dá)娜厄。 美杜莎是戈耳工三姐妹中的一員， 她有著一頭蛇發(fā)，她的眼光可以把人變成石頭。 眾神幫助了珀?duì)栃匏埂Ｑ诺淠冉o了他一面鏡子，所以他不必直接看到美杜莎。 珀?duì)栃匏箽⑺懒怂?，并割下她的頭部，將其獻(xiàn)給雅典娜。雅典娜將這個(gè)頭貼在了她的盾牌中間。

Perseus was the son of Zeus and a woman named Danae.  Medusa is one of the three gorgons. She had snakes for hair and her eyes could turn people to stone. But the gods helped Perseus, and Athene gave him a mirror so he wouldn't have to look directly at Medusa. Perseus killed her, cut off her head and gave it to Athene to stick in the middle of her shield.

24 伊阿宋與阿爾戈船 Jason and the Argonauts

 伊阿宋是艾歐科斯國國王埃森的兒子，是合法的國王繼承人。當(dāng)伊阿宋長大后，他向霸占王位的叔叔佩利亞斯要回國王寶座。而佩利亞斯說，伊阿宋必須首先取回金羊毛才可以得到王位。這是一種有魔法的公羊毛，掛在阿瑞斯的小樹林中，并由一條龍守護(hù)著。伊阿宋用了一條叫做阿爾戈斯的船，船上有一群英雄，統(tǒng)稱為阿爾戈斯英雄，他們出發(fā)去抓金羊毛。 他后來娶了幫助他贏得了羊毛的美女美迪亞。

Jason was the son of Aeson, the rightful King of lolkos, When he grew up throne of Iolkos from Aesons brother Pelias, who had seized it. Pelias said Jason must first fetch the Golden Fleece, a magic ram's fleece which hung in the grove of Ares, guarded by a dragon. Jason took a ship, the Argos, and a band of heroes, the Argonauts, and set off to get the Golden Fleece. He then married Medea, an enchantress, and she helped him win the fleece.

25阿拉克妮編織比賽 The weaving contest

雅典娜是智慧與戰(zhàn)爭女神，也是手工藝女神。當(dāng)一位名叫阿拉克妮的公主吹噓自己是比女神更會(huì)織布時(shí)，雅典娜非常生氣，她向阿拉克妮發(fā)起了一場挑戰(zhàn)比賽。而當(dāng)女神發(fā)現(xiàn)阿拉克妮真的能盡其所能編織精美的編織物時(shí)，她的煩惱就變成了憤怒。

雅典娜一把撕毀了阿拉克妮的編織物，這讓阿拉克妮非常害怕，試圖上吊自殺。 雅典娜對自己所做的事情感到羞恥，她將阿拉克妮從死亡中拯救了出來，并將她變成了一個(gè)蜘蛛。 從那以后，蜘蛛就能編織漂亮的蜘蛛網(wǎng)了。

Athene was the goddess of wisdom and war, and also of handicrafts.

When a princess called Arachne boasted that she was an even better weaver than the goddess, Athene was so annoyed that she challenged Arachne to a contest. But her irritation turned to fury when she discovered that Arachne really could weave as beautifully as she could.

Athene tore up Arachne's weaving, and Arachne was so frightened that she tried to hang herself. Ashamed of what she had done, Athene saved Arachne from death by turning her into a spider. Ever since, spiders have woven beautiful webs.

26 阿伽門農(nóng) Agamemnon

邁錫尼國王阿伽門農(nóng)是特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭希臘聯(lián)軍的統(tǒng)帥。阿伽門農(nóng)在特洛伊?xí)r，他的妻子克呂泰涅斯特拉（Clytemnestra）因仇恨她的丈夫?yàn)榱藥椭ＥD人贏得戰(zhàn)爭而犧牲了他們的女兒伊菲革涅亞（Iphigenia），愛上了阿伽門農(nóng)（Agamemnon）的堂兄加敵人埃癸斯托斯（Aegisthus）。當(dāng)阿伽門農(nóng)戰(zhàn)后回家時(shí)，這對夫婦假裝把他作為英雄來歡迎，但后來卻謀殺了他。

阿伽門農(nóng)的兒子俄瑞斯忒斯（Oreste）在他的妹妹厄勒克特拉（Electra）的支持下，殺死他們兩人，替父報(bào)了仇。但是，因殺死他的親生母親，俄瑞斯忒斯犯了一個(gè)滔天大罪，他瘋掉了。 最后，在受夠磨難之后，眾神原諒了他，并使他成為邁錫尼國王。

Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, led the Greek armies in the Trojan War. While Agamemnon was at Troy his wife Clytemnestra, who hated her husband for sacrificing their daughter Iphigenia to help the Greeks win the war, fell in love with Aegisthus, Agamemnon's cousin and enemy. When Agamemnon came home, the couple pretended to welcome him asa hero but then murdered him.

Agamemnon's son Oreste, supported by his sister Electra, took revenge on the murderers by killing them both. But by killing his mother, Orestes had committed a terrible crime, and he went insane. At last, as he had suffered enough, the gods forgave him and he became the King of Mycenae.

27 奧德賽 THE ODYSSEY

特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，希臘聯(lián)軍重要人物之一——伊薩卡國王奧德修斯揚(yáng)帆返鄉(xiāng)。但他的船被狂風(fēng)吹來吹去了，他在海里徘徊了十年。 他在旅程中遇到了許多怪物，這就是荷馬史詩《奧德賽》的主題。

奧德修斯的隨從都被殺害了。當(dāng)他獨(dú)自回到故鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的宮殿里到處都是試圖強(qiáng)迫他的妻子佩內(nèi)洛普嫁給他們的求婚王子。奧德修斯在一場巨大的爭斗中殺死了這些王子，并重新奪回了他的王國。

After the Trojan War, King Odysseus of Ithaca, one of the Greek leaders, set off for home. But his ships were blown off course and he wandered the seas for ten years. He met many monsters on his journey, or odyssey' - which was the subject of Homer's epic poem, The Odyssey.

Odysseus's men were killed, and he arrived home alone, to find his palace full of princes trying to force his wife Penelope to marry them. Odysseus killed the princes in a huge battle and reclaimed his kingdom.