英語中,句子的時(shí)態(tài)決定著謂語動詞的具體形式;句子的時(shí)態(tài)常常由時(shí)間狀語體現(xiàn)出來。
那么,同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)如何準(zhǔn)確判斷一個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)呢?
首先,查看句子末尾或者開頭的時(shí)間狀語,根據(jù)每種時(shí)態(tài)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行判定;其次,結(jié)合上下文語言環(huán)境進(jìn)行綜合判定。
英語中的時(shí)間狀語,通常位于句子末尾,少數(shù)情況下位于開頭或者主語之后。
第一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有:always(總是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時(shí)), on Sundays(每周日), every week(每周), once a week(一周一次), three times a week(一周三次)等。
(1) My mom usually gets up at 6:30 am. 我的媽媽常常在早上6:30起床。
(2) Your father will tell you as as he comes back from Paris. 你的爸爸從巴黎一回來就會告訴你。
(3) His mother always tells him stories before he goes to bed. 睡覺前,他的媽媽總是給他講故事。
第二、一般過去時(shí)
表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
一般過去時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有:…ago(…以前), yesterday(昨天), last week/term(上周/上學(xué)期), in 1989, just now(剛才), the day before yesterday(前天) 等。
(1) I bought the car last month. I have had it for a month. 上個(gè)月,我買了一輛新車。我已經(jīng)擁有它一個(gè)月了。
(2) I rode a bike to school when I was young. 年輕時(shí),我常常騎自行車去上學(xué)。
(3) I spent two hours doing my homework yesterday. 昨天,我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。
第三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示正在發(fā)生的動作或事情?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有:now(現(xiàn)在), at the moment(此時(shí)此刻), these days(這些天)等,也常用 look, listen, be quiet 等提醒對方注意正在發(fā)生的事。
(1) My mom is cooking in the kitchen when I am doing my homework. 當(dāng)我在寫作業(yè)時(shí),我的媽媽正在廚房做飯。
(2) My father is washing his car in the garden. 我的爸爸正在花園里洗車。
(3) It is raining in Chengdu these days.
(4) Look! The school bus is coming. 看!校車來了。
第四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有:this time yesterday(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候), at 9 yesterday(昨天9點(diǎn)鐘), at that time(當(dāng)時(shí)), when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), while(當(dāng)…時(shí)候)等。
(1) What were you doing at 10:00 last night ? 昨晚十點(diǎn),你在干什么呢?
(2) He was eating breakfast when I called him this morning. 今天上午,當(dāng)我給他打電話時(shí),他正在吃早餐。
(3) My parents were watching a movie when I came back home. 我回到家時(shí),我的父母正在看電影。
第五、一般將來時(shí)
表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有:tomorrow(明天), next week/term(下周/下學(xué)期), in three days(三天后), in the furture(未來)等。
(1) He is leaving for Shanghai. 他即將前往上海。
(2) Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a heavy rain. 看那些烏云!要下雨了。
(3) Will you be back in two days ? 兩天后,你會回來嗎?
(4) I am going to listen to a concert next Sunday. 下周日,我打算去聽一場音樂會。
第六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響;表示動作或狀態(tài)已從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能還要持續(xù)下去(此時(shí),要用延續(xù)性動詞)。
常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用:already(已經(jīng)), yet(還), just(剛剛), before(以前), ever(曾經(jīng)), never(從不), recently(最近), so far(迄今為止), for+時(shí)間段, in the last/past…years(在過去的…年里), since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(since last week自從上周、since three years ago自從三年前)等。
(1) He has already watched the movie. 他已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
(2) Have you ever been to Beijing ? 你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎?
(3) It is three years since his pet dog died. 他的寵物狗死了有3年了。