Education Industry
About the industryCentury Dragon Industry ResourcesCentury Dragon Services The Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Education Industry and its Development
The education industry will energetically implement the strategy of developing China through science and technology in line with the Resolution of the Communist Party of China's Central Committee and the State Council on Deepening Educational Reform and Promoting Quality Education, the Resolution of the State Council on Reform and Development of Elementary Education and the Action Plan of Vitalizing Education in the Face of the 21st Century.
China aims to build up a vigorous socialist education system with Chinese characteristics. The system will not only meet the needs of the socialist market economy and social development, but also provide qualified personnel and a solid knowledge base for China to realize its strategic targets in modernization construction.
Targets for 2010:
Pre-school education will be improved to meet social demand; conditions for running schools and the teaching level will be significantly enhanced; more people will receive nine-year national compulsory education; the gross enrollment rate of junior middle schools will exceed 95 percent; the gross enrollment rate of senior middle schools will also be greatly augmented; high school education will be popularized in cities and developed areas.
By 2010 the number of students enrolled in colleges and universities will reach 23 million, including one million postgraduates; the gross enrollment rate of colleges and universities will reach 20 percent.
The renovation capability and service capacity of colleges and universities will be further strengthened; the reform of education and teaching methods will be intensified; network education will reach a comparatively high level; the modernization of education will be realized in some areas; the structure of the educational layout nationwide will be more rational; educational exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries will be expanded; a life-long education system will be established.
Overview of the development of education in China
Compulsory education:
In 2001 there were 491,300 primary schools nationwide with 99.05 percent of children at the primary school age; full-time teachers with formal academic credentials accounted for 96.81 percent. As for junior middle schools, 66,600 such schools had an enrollment of 88.7 percent at the middle-school level, including 88.72 percent of full-time teachers with academic credentials.
Pre-school education and special education:
There were 111,700 kindergartens in China in 2001 with 20.2184 enrolled (including those receiving pre-school education) 20.2184 million with 630,100 kindergarten teachers. Meanwhile, there were 1,531 special-education schools with 56,000 disabled students. The total number of disabled children in schools was 386,400 in 2001.
High school education:
There were 34,300 high schools in China in 2001, including ordinary, professional, specialized and skilled workers' high schools, adult schools and adult specialized schools, with a combined enrollment of 9.8799 million students. Later, the total number of students in schools reached 26.0093 million.
Higher education:
There were 1,911 colleges and universities in China in 2001. Of the 728 units qualified to offer postgraduate courses, 411 are colleges and universities and 317 are research institutes. China enrolled 165,200 postgraduates in 2001 of which 32,100 are doctoral students and 133,100 are masters candidates. The total number of postgraduates in schools reached 393,300 in 2001, including 85,900 doctoral students and 307,400 masters candidates. Some 67,800 postgraduates graduated in 2001, with 12,900 obtaining a doctor's degree and 54,900 a master's degree.
Colleges and universities had a combined enrollment of 4.6421 million students in 2001 -- 2.6828 million in ordinary college education and 1.9593 million in adult higher education. The total number of students in colleges and universities reached 11.7505 million in 2001 and the number of student graduates that year was 1.9669 million. Meanwhile, 13.3943 million people took part in the higher-education exams for the self-taught people and 641,000 obtained a diploma that year. Administrative and teaching staff at colleges and universities numbered 1.3882 million in 2001, including 619,900 full-time teachers.
Adult training and literacy education:
Some 2.5769 million adults completed courses offered by colleges and universities in 2001. Although there are many technical training courses for adults, the quality and level of such courses must be improved.
China's educational capacity is falling short of the increasing social demand. This is a key problem that China's education industry will face in the future.
By 2002 there were 111,800 nursery schools in China with 20.3602 million enrolled infants and 659,300 nursery teachers. Meanwhile, there were 1,540 special-education schools with a total 374,500 disabled students in 2002. There were 456,900 primary schools nationwide with 121.5671 million primary students -- 98.58 percent of children at the primary-level school age. The rate of students entering junior high schools was 97.02 percent. As for junior middle schools, the number of students reached 65,600; the entrance rate for senior high school students was 58.3 percent with a gross enrollment of 90 percent. The total number of junior students amounted to 66.8743 million.
There were 33,200 high schools in China in 2002, including ordinary, professional and adult high schools, secondary specialized schools, adult specialized schools and technical schools, with a total number of 29.1385 million students. The gross enrollment for senior high schools was 42.8 percent.
There were 2,003 colleges and universities in China in 2002. The total number of students receiving education reached 16 million with a gross enrollment of 15 percent. In 2002, the number of undergraduates and higher vocational students (professional training) was 5.4282 million. In 2002 China registered 202,600 postgraduates; the total number of postgraduates in schools reached 501,000 in 2002.
By 2002 the number of schools run by locals was 61,200 with 11.1597 million students.
[Source: Ministry of Education]
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