更多知識總結和學習方法，可在公眾號發(fā)送“學習方法”
一、常見體裁
（一）記敘文——情節(jié)性
1、特點：故事性、情節(jié)性、理解較容易。
2、明確六個要素：時間、地點、人物、故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結局。
3、核心：故事的展開。
4、做題：明確事件內容、理清故事發(fā)展線索。
（二）說明文——條理性
了解主題明確條理是關鍵。認知過程從段落、分層次、分要點等逐步展開。
（三）議論文——邏輯性
了解觀點（論點）和論據(jù)（道理）。闡述觀點，自圓其說（正反雙方），環(huán)環(huán)相扣，表達嚴謹。
（四）常見題材
社會生活、人物傳記、科技文化、歷史地理、政治經濟。因此考生平時要廣聞博覽、針對性閱讀，豐富閱讀面。
二、題目設計特點
（一）首句不設空
（二）上下文邏輯關系
完形填空不僅考察詞匯、搭配、語法等獨立知識，而且還考察它們不同語境下構成的相應意義。做完形填空試題時必須首先明確上下文的的邏輯關系和意義。
1、因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that, due to, owing to…
2、列舉：for instance, for example, that is , namely, specifically, one example is , such as…
3、遞進：not only…but also,,,. as well as, moreover, besides, and, neither…nor…, both…and…
4、比較：compare with / to, like, in the same way, similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast…
5、對比：although, while, but, but at the same time, despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of , nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet…
6、轉折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,in spite of…
7、強調：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, in fact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course…
8、條件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as long as…
9、時間：after that, from now on, next, from then on, first, then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since, since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until, immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far, when…
10、空間：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across, between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,near to, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left…
11、順序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too…
12、總結：in short, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in summary, on the whole…
（三）語義干擾
設置語義干擾可以在有限篇幅盡可能地多考察知識點、語言點，全面考查語言功底和語言運用能力。
1.炸藥威力相當——詞義相近
例1：Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 15 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “Once we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.”
A) refuse B) prohibit
C) prevent D) avoid
例2：Friendship appears to be a unique form of human bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by 8 .
A) discipline B) law
C) rule D) regulation
2.炸藥類型相同——詞性相同
We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to 89 in a difficult language.
A) telling B) uttering
C) saying D) speaking
3.糖衣花色相似——詞形相近
Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be easily connected to loss of international 74 .
A) competitiveness B) comprehension
C) community D) commitment
4.引爆裝置相似——語法結構
…but a bird has a single alarm cry, 75 means “danger!”
A) this B) that C) which D) it
（四）語法知識
常考語法項目有：
1、名次單復數(shù)；2、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；
3、形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和最高級；
4、分詞結構和不定式；
5、定語從句；6、賓語從句；
7、虛擬語氣；8、倒裝結構。
（五）習慣用法與固定搭配
Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class, and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world.
A) to B) by
C) in D) with
（六）詞匯辨析
Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the performance between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the position every time she leaned over to talk to him. Why do Americans display such 75 in a public place ?
A) attraction B) attention
C) affection D) motion
三、解題策略與應試技巧
（一）通讀全文：
完形填空離不開文章，解題離不開上下文。通讀，了解文章大意，才能做到有的放矢。
（二）重視首句：
文章第一句話很重要，有指導性作用，理解中心思想。
（三）分析文章結構及展開方式：
體裁分析。記敘文要把握故事發(fā)展脈絡；說明文要搞清文章范疇；議論文明確論點理順論證方式。
（四）分析文章時態(tài)：
時態(tài)提供了有效的背景信息，對選擇正確答案有提示作用。
Since we 4 all morning and were now feeling very tired, it's a pleasure to sit down.
A) shopped
B) had been shopping
C) were shopping
D) have been shopping
18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.
A) By B) During
C) In D) Towards
（五）尋找信息詞：
一種反復出現(xiàn)的信息詞是提示文章中心內容的關鍵詞。另一種則在一句或一段話中有暗示作用。
No one, least 4 all management, wants to listen to hysterical roar （歇斯底里的咆哮）.
A) over B) on
C) of D) towards
（六）借助語法知識：
1.名詞單復數(shù)
arm---arms; glass---glasses; time---times; paper---papers;fruit---fruits; food---foods; silk---silks; fish---fishes.
2.形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和最高級
（1）同級：as/ so…as; not so … as；not as…as…
（2）比較：twice, four times, ten times等 與as…as結構
a bit, a little, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many, much=不定量；
far, completely, still=程度進一步—
（3）最高：one of…of/ among all +三者以上名詞/代詞
3.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
全文時態(tài)、上下文關系以及時間狀語很重要。
4.分詞結構和動詞不定式
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞：主動和被動；現(xiàn)在和完成, 作狀語。表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨；也可作定語修飾名詞；注意分詞和邏輯主語搭配。
The more significant the task is , the more careful the planning 4 .
A) making B) prepared
C) required D) looks
5.定語從句
（1）關系代詞和關系副詞
Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 18 the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful.
A) there B) when
C) which D) where
（2）限制性和非限制性定語從句
（3）只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a. there be句型中只能用that,不用which;
b. 不定代詞anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little只能用that,不用which;
c. 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時用that；
d. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時用that；
e. 先行詞既有人又有物時要用that。
6.賓語從句
（1）引導賓語從句的各種連詞
a. 連詞that起連詞作用，不作句子成分，口語中省略；
b. 連詞if , whether 起連接作用，不作句子成分，意義為“是否”，口語省略。
c. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how起連接作用，在句子中作成分，各自有各自意義。
（2）賓語從句的語序： “主句+連接詞+主語+謂語”
（3）主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應
如果主句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)由實際情況決定；如果主句為過去時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)要隨之變化。
7.虛擬語氣
（1）用于條件狀語從句時，主句和從句謂語形式：
a.與過去事實相反：
從句：had+過去分詞，
主句：should/would/could/might + have +過去分詞;
b.與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
從句：一般過去時(be用were),
主句：would/should/could/might +動詞原形；
c.與將來事實相反：
從句：一般過去時或should/were to+動詞原形
主句：would/should/could/might +動詞原形；
（2）用于主語、表語、同位語、賓語從句時，注意“主觀愿望”的表達
8.倒裝結構
（1）部分倒裝
a. 句首有否定詞時，句子要倒裝；
b. so+adj./adv. 放在句首時表示程度，句子要倒裝；
c. 虛擬語氣條件句省略if 時，條件句主謂部分倒裝；
d. 由as 和however (no matter how)讓步從句倒裝；
e. “only +狀語”置于句首時句子（從句）要倒裝
f. “so/ such…that…”結構用于句首時句子要倒裝。
（2）全部倒裝
a.以介詞開頭的地點狀語置于句首；
b.副詞out, in, along, then, now, up, down, away, here, there等位于句首；
c.代詞so, neither, nor, no more 置于句首
（七）瞻前顧后，靈活答題
完形填空答題絕對不能“目光短淺，就事論事”。正確的選擇答案離不開句子，更離不開整篇文章。要多看看上下文，多從各個角度考慮和分析。
（八）復校全篇
