NAME
cat -
concatenate files and print on the standard output
/// [美] [kɑ:n´kæt?¸neit] v./a.聯(lián)系SYNOPSIS
cat[
OPTION] [
FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output. ///將一個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容連續(xù)輸出
- -A, --show-all
- equivalent to -vET
- -b, --number-nonblank
- number nonblank output lines
- -e
- equivalent to -vE
- -E, --show-ends
- display $ at end of each line
- -n, --number
- number all output lines
- -s, --squeeze-blank
- never more than one single blank line
- -t
- equivalent to -vT
- -T, --show-tabs
- display TAB characters as ^I
- -u
- (ignored)
- -v, --show-nonprinting ///顯示看不到的特殊字符
- use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <
bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for
catis maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
infoand
catprograms are properly installed at your site, the command
- info coreutils cat
should give you access to the complete manual.
NAME
tac - concatenate and
print files in reverse SYNOPSIS
tac[
OPTION]... [
FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -b, --before
- attach the separator before instead of after
- -r, --regex
- interpret the separator as a regular expression
- -s, --separator=STRING
- use STRING as the separator instead of newline
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
AUTHOR
Written by Jay Lepreau and David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <
bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for
tacis maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
infoand
tacprograms are properly installed at your site, the command
- info coreutils tac
should give you access to the complete manual.
NAME
nl - number lines of files
SYNOPSIS
nl[
OPTION]... [
FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -b, --body-numbering=STYLE
- use STYLE for numbering body lines
- -d, --section-delimiter=CC
- use CC for separating logical pages
- -f, --footer-numbering=STYLE
- use STYLE for numbering footer lines
- -h, --header-numbering=STYLE
- use STYLE for numbering header lines
- -i, --page-increment=NUMBER
- line number increment at each line
- -l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER
- group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
- -n, --number-format=FORMAT
- insert line numbers according to FORMAT
- -p, --no-renumber
- do not reset line numbers at logical pages
- -s, --number-separator=STRING
- add STRING after (possible) line number
- -v, --first-page=NUMBER
- first line number on each logical page
- -w, --number-width=NUMBER
- use NUMBER columns for line numbers
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC aretwo delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missingsecond character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
- a
- number all lines
- t
- number only nonempty lines
- n
- number no lines
- pREGEXP
- number only lines that contain a match for REGEXP
FORMAT is one of:
- ln
- left justified, no leading zeros
- rn
- right justified, no leading zeros
- rz
- right justified, leading zeros
AUTHOR
Written by Scott Bartram and David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <
bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for
nlis maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
infoand
nlprograms are properly installed at your site, the command
- info coreutils nl
should give you access to the complete manual.
***********************eg************************
[test@zao2 ~]$ nl -b a -n rz -w 3 /etc/issue
001 Fedora release 12 (Constantine)
002 Kernel \r on an \m (\l)
003
