虛擬語氣I
一、 條件句中的虛擬語氣
1. 條件句中虛擬語氣的形式
從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。
時間
從句謂語形式
主句謂語形式
將來
動詞過去式(be用were)
should + 動詞原形
were to + 動詞原形
would / should / might / could +
動詞原形
現(xiàn)在
動詞過去式(be 用 were)
would / should / might / could +
動詞原形
過去
had +動詞過去分詞
would / should / might / could have + 動詞過去分詞
“如果我有一千萬，我就能買一棟房子。
我有一千萬嗎？沒有。
所以我仍然沒有房子。
如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。
我有翅膀嗎？沒有。
所以我也沒辦法飛。
如果把整個太平洋的水倒出，也澆不熄我對你愛情的火焰。
整個太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？不行。
所以我并不愛你。
If I had ten million yuan, I would buy a villa(別墅). Do I have ten million yuan? No,
Therefore, I Still have no villa.
If I had wings, I could fly.
Do I have wings? No, therefore, I can not fly.
If all the water of Pacific Ocean could be poured out, it could not douse(澆滅) my love for you. Can it be? No, therefore, I don’t love you."
2. 請指出下列虛擬語氣的句子各與什么時間相反。
If I were in your shoes, I would act differently.
If I had enough money, I would run a company of my own.
You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.
If the flowers had been planted earlier, they would have been in bloom for the garden party last week.
If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.
If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.
If he were to come here, how would you tell him about this?
3. 運用條件句中的虛擬語氣時，須注意的幾個問題
(1) 混合時間虛擬句有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，須區(qū)別對待。
If you had not helped them, they would still be in New York now.
If I had studied English at school, I could read The English novel now.
If I knew your E-mail address, I would have sent E-mail to you last night.
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
If I were not busy, I would have come with you.
(2)倒裝虛擬句
當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。
(3) 有時，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導，我不會取得如此大的進步。
What would I have done without you?
In his position, I would commit suicide.
Before liberation, such floods would have caused terrible disaster.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
4.找出下面歌詞的錯誤
BECAUSE I LOVE YOU 因為我愛你
if i got down on my knees i'm pleaded with you 如果我跪下雙膝向你企求寬恕
if i cross a million oceans just to be with you. 如果我橫越億萬個海洋 只為與你相守
would you ever let me down. 是否你依然會讓我失望
if i climb the highest mountain just to hold you tight. 如果我攀上最高的山峰 只為了緊抱著你
if i said that i would love you every single night. 如果說每一個孤單的夜我都深愛著你
would you ever let me down. 是否你依然會讓我失望
well i'm sorry if it sounds kind of sad, 哦 抱歉這些話聽起來有點傷感
just that worry i'm so worry that you let me down. 只因為我很擔心 你會讓我失望
because i love you, love you, 因為我愛你 愛你
love you so don't let me down. 我愛你 所以別讓我失望
if i swam the longest river just to call your name. 如果我游過最長的河流只為了呼喚你的名字
if i said the way i feel for you would never change. .... 如果我說對你的感覺永遠不變
would you ever fool around 是否你覺得被愚弄
well i'm sorry if it sounds kind of sad, 哦 抱歉這些話聽起來有點傷感
just that worry i'm so worry that you let me down. 只因為我很擔心 你會讓我失望
because i love you, love you, 因為我愛你
love you so don't let me down. 我愛你 ……所以別讓我失望
well i'm sorry if it sounds kind of sad, 哦 抱歉這些話聽起來有點傷感
just that worry i'm so worry that you let me down. 只因為我很擔心 你會讓我失望
because i love you, love you, 因為我愛你
love you love you, love you, 愛你 愛你 愛你
虛擬語氣Ⅱ
一．虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用
☆ 常用在It is (was)+ suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised +that從句。從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。
☆ 用于本句型的形容詞并不多，常見形容詞有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。
☆ It’s (about/high) time +that V-ed(were)
Should(不省,相當于過去式的should) +V.
It’s high time that you went.
你該走了 It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.
例句：
It's important that we（should）work out a plan.
It's better that he go at once.
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is a pity that she should fare so badly.
It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．
二．虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
1). 用于表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動詞后的賓語從句，常見的動詞有suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等。賓語從句中虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動詞原形，should可以省略 如：
The doctor suggested that he （should）not go there．醫(yī)生建議他不要去那里。
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.他們堅持讓男孩跟他們走。
The judge ordered that the prisoner （should ）be remanded. 法官命令被告還押。
2)wish后面的賓語的從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。
1.與現(xiàn)在相反: V-ed（were）
其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式為 2.與過去相反: had+p.p.
3.與未來相反: would/could/might +V.
I wish (that) I were a bird and could freely in the sky. (現(xiàn)在)
I wish you would stay a little longer. （將來）
I wish you had called yesterday．（過去）
3)would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
表示所發(fā)生的時間
虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)
過去
had + 過去分詞；
現(xiàn)在
過去時(be 用were )
將來
過去時(be 用were )
I would rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我寧愿她把重活留給別人。
4)If only…(要是...就好了) 與現(xiàn)在相反: V-ed（were）與過去相反: had+p.p.
與未來相反: would/should/could/might +V.
If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!
三．虛擬語氣在表語從句中的應(yīng)用
名詞suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主語，其后的表語從句中的謂語動詞一般使用虛擬語氣，用should +動詞原形或省略should。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well.
我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.
他提出一個要求，要求她立刻離開這個地方。
My suggestion is that we （should） tell him.
我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我們唯一的請求就是盡快解決這個問題。
注意：虛擬語氣也可以用于同位語從句。如：
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。
四．虛擬語氣在定語從句中的應(yīng)用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定語從句常用虛擬過去式。如：
It is time the children went to bed. 孩子們早該上床睡覺了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早該開始考慮如何與錢打交道。
It is time we left.我們該走了?！ t is time we went to bed.我們該去睡覺了。
五．虛擬語氣在狀語從句的應(yīng)用
1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引導的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為： should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。
(2) 在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。如:
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
2. 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他親自來也不知該怎么辦。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及時華佗再世也就不了他。
3. 方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
as if, as though引導的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
表示所發(fā)生的時間
虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)
發(fā)生在主句動作之前
had + 過去分詞
與主句動作同時發(fā)生
過去時(be 用were )
發(fā)生在主句動作之后
would / could / might / should+原形動詞
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ識很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。
☆如果所敘述的情況是真實的,則用陳述語氣He looks as if he is angry about the disturbing thing.
4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
① should + 原形動詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。
② should + 完成式, 指過去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃驚，父親竟指導我昨天所作的事情.
選修六 unit 1 虛擬語氣
一．Fill in the blanks.
1)I would rather (that) you ______ (pay)me now.
2)I would rather (that) you ___________(attend)
the meeting yesterday.
3)Don’t come. I would rather you ______(come) tomorrow.
4) He insisted that he_______(right) and that he___________________________(apologize).
5) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
6) He insisted that she ___ (be)seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospitals at once.
7) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
8)His concerned face suggested that he ___ (be) worried.
9)It’s suggested that the plan . (carry out)
10)My demand is that she to see me once a week. (come)
11)All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory . (close)
12)我們該去睡覺了。It’s time that we _____(go)to bed. / It’s time that we ________ to bed.
How I wish I_____________(work)hard.
How I wish he_______________(come)to see me tomorrow.
How I wish I__________(be)a bird now.
If Tom ____________hard,he ___________ (pass)the coming exam.
二-Multiple choice.
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain
D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him.
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be
C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today.
---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today.
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
名題精練
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet.
A. would have taken part in B. took part in
C. had taken part in D. would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not
B. C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going.
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leave B. If he had left
C. Did he to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He __busy yesterday, or he __you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped
C. had been;would have helped D. were;would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb
C.had not been;could have climbed D.hadn’t been;could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news
---I would as soon you _____her about it.
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ___home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness?
----Yes, but ____it.
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done
C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car.
A.hadn’t lost B.wouldn’t lose C.didn’t lose D.haven’t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son.
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more.
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem.
A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held
三、Complete the following sentences.
1. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone. She （一定經(jīng)受了）a lot of hardships. (go)
2. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you (see)（就看到了美麗的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)
3. It is demanded that the books （須歸還）the school library within two weeks. (return)
4. It is suggested that （運動會推遲）till next Friday. (put off)
5. Were （下雨）tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)
6. I supported him in time, otherwise he bike（從自行車上摔下來）. (fall)
7. Which doctor （你建議派來）immediately? (suggest)
8. It (一定下著大雨)when he got back home, for he was wet all over. (rain)
9. （如果他不努力）so hard, he wouldn’t have passed the exam. (work)
10. You （本不需要）a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take)
11. You (最好沒責備) her. After all, she did her best. (better).
12. What a pity!We (寧愿聽取) our teacher’s advice yesterday. (would rather)
13. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He (不可能) Beijing. (go)
14. We (還是…好) stay where we are. (may)
15. I (本想?yún)⒓? your party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. (would like)
16. Mr. Bush is always on time for everything, (怎么可能) that he was late for the opening ceremony? (can)
17. You (本該來) to the conference yesterday, what was the reason for your absence? (come)
18. It is high time that we (采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)
19. With a little more car you (能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)
20. When the police took the suspect to the police station, he insisted that he (沒偷) the lady’s purse and that he (釋放). (steal, set)
21. How I wish I (被錄取了) the key university. (admit).
22. But for your help, we (不會完成) the work so soon. (finish)
23. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I (本不需要那么麻煩) to carry my umbrella with me. (take)
24. –There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
--It (不可能是一次舒適的旅行). (journey)
25. When he was there, he (常去) that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (go) 26. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I (本不應(yīng)該吃) so much fried chicken just now. (eat)
27. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay (提高20%). (raise)
28. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (斷了). (break)
29. I’m very sorry that I am late for the important meeting, I (本應(yīng)該想到) the road being so busy. (think)
30. --Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
--You (可能放) it in the wrong place. (put)
