1、 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)清單 不定式有倆種表現(xiàn)方式，一種是帶to的不定式，一種是省略to的不定式。 不定式不能做謂語，但它具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，如可以帶有自己的賓語、狀語、及邏輯主語等。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。2、 考點(diǎn)分類剖析考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1) 一般式（to do）：表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后后發(fā)生，如： E.g. I want to have a holiday as soon as possible. He seems to know the secret.2) 完成式（to have done）：表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生了E.g. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.3) 進(jìn)行式（to be doing）：表示或者強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 E.g. This city seems to be getting more and more crowded.4) 完成進(jìn)行式（to have been doing ):表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，并仍在進(jìn)行，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去 E.g. Tom seems to have been watching TV for a long time.考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài)1) 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)形式（to be done） E.g. He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.2) 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如：E.g. Have you got a key to unlock the door?3) 不定式前面的名詞或代詞與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系的時(shí)候，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式，如： E.g. I have got a letter to write. He needs a room to live in.4) 不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句子中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，如 E.g. The book is difficult for us to understand.5) 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句中動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，亦可用不定式的被動(dòng)式，上面的句子可以寫成: E.g. The book is difficult for us to be understood.考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 由于動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，所以動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。1) 作主語 E.g. To ask him for help is necessary. To ignore this might have serious consequences. 注意:動(dòng)詞不定式做主語時(shí)，常用it來作形式主語，把真正的不定式或不定式短語放在后面，如:E.g. To talk with him is a great pleasure.=It is a great pleasure to talk with him.E.g. Her wish is to become a pop star.She does not seem to like the idea.2) 作賓語1 常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的有：want、hope、wish、offer、fail、plan、learn、pretend、refuse、manage、help、agree、promise、prefer、afford、ask、decide、except、intend etc. E.g. ou must learn to look after yourself.2 若不定式后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it來作形式賓語，把真正的 賓語放在補(bǔ)足語的后面，如：E.g. I find to work with him interesting.3) 作定語1 不定式作定語的時(shí)候，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面；不定式常和它修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果這個(gè)不定式是不及物的，它后面必須要有介詞. E.g. There is nothing to think about. We must find a room to live in.2 不定式用來修飾已經(jīng)被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no、all、any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系 E.g. He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal. = I find it interesting to work with him.4) 作賓補(bǔ)1 動(dòng)詞不定式在feel、hear、see、watch、notice、observe等感官動(dòng)詞以及have、let、make等使役性動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)要省略；但若是這些句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to，如： E.g. I saw him cross the street. He was seen to cross the street.2 不定式可以和名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語（即“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)）； 常跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、encourage、prefer、expect、order、wish等；而且有些動(dòng)詞常跟“to be +形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如think，consider, imagine, prove, understand, find, know, suppose等，如： E.g. The doctor advised him to have a good rest. We proved the facts to be correct.5) 作狀語1 作目的狀語E.g. I got up early in order to catch up the first bus.2 在某些形容詞后面作狀語E.g. I am glad to see you again./ Nice to meet you.3 作結(jié)果狀語? …only to 表示出乎意料的結(jié)果E.g. I hurried to the postoffice, only to find it closed.? Too…to… 太……而不能……E.g. The girl is too young to dress himself? 當(dāng)too前有only修飾時(shí)，即“only too…to…”，表肯定意義E.g. I am only too pleased to help you.? 當(dāng)too…to…前有表示否定意義的詞的時(shí)候，表肯定意義E.g. We are never too old to learn.考點(diǎn)四：“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)1) 疑問代詞who，what，which 和疑問副詞when，where，how等后面加上不定式，構(gòu)成具有名詞作用的短語，可以用作主語，表語和賓語等。2) 在tell，know，advise，teach，find out，decide，discuss等動(dòng)詞后常用“疑問詞+不定式”這一結(jié)構(gòu) E.g. When to start has not been decided.(作主語) The question is how to put the plan into practice.(作賓語) No one could tell me where to find the book.(作賓語)考點(diǎn)五：動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的特殊形式1) 動(dòng)詞不定式在but、other than后面的時(shí)候，如果but和other than 前面行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式的話，那么其后的不定式要省略to（否則要帶to） E.g. He can do nothing but / other than wait. He had no choice but to wait.2) 在cannot choose but 、cannot help but (只好)、cannot but(只好)、had better、would rather等后面的不定式也要省略to E.g. I cannot but agree to his terms. I would rather stay than do anything else.
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