本筆記摘抄自：https://www.cnblogs.com/maitian-lf/p/3670570.html，記錄一下學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程以備后續(xù)查用。
序列化是把一個(gè)內(nèi)存中的對(duì)象的信息轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)可以持久化保存的形式，以便于保存或傳輸。序列化的主要作用是不同平臺(tái)之間進(jìn)行通信，常用的序
列化有json、xml、文件等，下面就逐個(gè)講下這三種序列化的方法。
一、序列化為json
C#中用于對(duì)象和json相互轉(zhuǎn)換的原生類有兩個(gè)：DataContractJsonSerializer和JavaScriptSerializer，其中JavaScriptSerializer主要用于web瀏覽器和服
務(wù)器之間的通信。這里主要講DataContractJsonSerializer的使用，要使用DataContractJsonSerializer，先要在項(xiàng)目中引用System.Runtime.Serialization。
首先準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)測(cè)試的類Book：
class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] class Book { [DataMember] public int ID { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { } }
[DataContract]指定該類型要定義或?qū)崿F(xiàn)一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定，并可由序列化程序（如System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer）進(jìn)行序列化。
[DataMember]當(dāng)應(yīng)用于類型的成員時(shí)，指定該成員是數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定的一部分并可由System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer進(jìn)行序列化。
首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Book對(duì)象，然后實(shí)例化一個(gè)DataContractJsonSerializer實(shí)例，最后用該實(shí)例的WriteObject()方法將對(duì)象寫到流中，代碼如下：
class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 對(duì)象序列化為json Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //序列化為json DataContractJsonSerializer jsonSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Book)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { jsonSerializer.WriteObject(stream, book); string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); Console.WriteLine(result); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
將一個(gè)json格式的字符串反序列化為對(duì)象是用DataContractJsonSerializer實(shí)例的ReadObject()方法，代碼如下：
class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region json反序列化為對(duì)象 Book book = new Book(); //json反序列化為對(duì)象 string oriStr = "{\"Id\":101,\"Name\":\"C#程序設(shè)計(jì)\",\"Price\":79.5}"; DataContractJsonSerializer jsonSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Book)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(oriStr))) { Book outBook = jsonSerializer.ReadObject(stream) as Book; Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
我們也可以把上面的json序列化與反序列為封裝成泛型方法，這樣可以公用，全部代碼如下：
class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } public class SerializerHelper { /// 將對(duì)象序列化為json文件 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">實(shí)例</param> /// <param name="path">存放路徑</param> public static void ObjectToJson<T>(T t, string path) where T : class { DataContractJsonSerializer formatter = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { formatter.WriteObject(stream, t); } } /// <summary> /// 將對(duì)象序列化為json字符串 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">實(shí)例</param> /// <returns>json字符串</returns> public static string ObjectToJson<T>(T t) where T : class { DataContractJsonSerializer formatter = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { formatter.WriteObject(stream, t); string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); return result; } } /// <summary> /// 將json字符串反序列化為對(duì)象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="json">json格式字符串</param> /// <returns>對(duì)象</returns> public static T JsonToObject<T>(string json) where T : class { DataContractJsonSerializer formatter = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json))) { T result = formatter.ReadObject(stream) as T; return result; } } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region json序列化與反序列化泛型方法 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //對(duì)象序列化為json string result = SerializerHelper.ObjectToJson(book); Console.WriteLine(result); //json反序列化為對(duì)象 string oriStr = "{\"Id\":101,\"Name\":\"C#程序設(shè)計(jì)\",\"Price\":79.5}"; Book outBook = SerializerHelper.JsonToObject<Book>(oriStr); Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
二、序列化為xml
C#中將對(duì)象序列化和反序列化為xml的類是XmlSerializer，要引用System.Xml.Serialization。
首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)XmlSerializer對(duì)象實(shí)例，然后用實(shí)例的Serialize方法將對(duì)象寫入到文件流中，代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 對(duì)象序列化為xml(文件流) Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book)); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"E:\book.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { xmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, book); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
程序運(yùn)行后會(huì)在c盤產(chǎn)生一個(gè)book.xml文件，內(nèi)容如下：
<?xml version="1.0"?><Book xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Id>101</Id> <Name>C#程序設(shè)計(jì)</Name> <Price>79.5</Price></Book>
當(dāng)然也可以將對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)象流，然后轉(zhuǎn)換成xml格式的字符串，代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 對(duì)象序列化為xml(對(duì)象流) Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { xmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, book); string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); //轉(zhuǎn)換成xml字符串 Console.WriteLine(result); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
將xml文件反序列化的方法是用XmlSerializer實(shí)例的Deserialize()方法，代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region xml文件反序列化為對(duì)象 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book)); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"E:\book.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { XmlReader xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(stream); Book outBook = xmlSerializer.Deserialize(xmlReader) as Book;//反序列化 Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
我們同樣也可以把上面的xml序列化與反序列為封裝成泛型方法，這樣可以公用，全部代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 序列化反序列化幫助類 /// </summary> public class SerializerHelper { /// <summary> /// 將對(duì)象序列化為xml文件 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">對(duì)象</param> /// <param name="path">xml存放路徑</param> public static void ObjectToXml<T>(T t, string path) where T : class { XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { formatter.Serialize(stream, t); } } /// <summary> /// 將對(duì)象序列化為xml字符串 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">對(duì)象</param> public static string ObjectToXml<T>(T t) where T : class { XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { formatter.Serialize(stream, t); string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); return result; } } /// <summary> /// 將xml文件反序列化為對(duì)象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">對(duì)象</param> /// <param name="path">xml路徑</param> /// <returns>對(duì)象</returns> public static T XmlToObject<T>(T t, string path) where T : class { XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { XmlReader xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(stream); T result = formatter.Deserialize(xmlReader) as T; return result; } } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region xml序列化與反序列化泛型方法 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //對(duì)象序列化為xml SerializerHelper.ObjectToXml(book, @"E:\book.xml"); //xml反序列化為對(duì)象 Book outBook = SerializerHelper.XmlToObject(book, @"E:\book.xml"); Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); Console.Read(); #endregion } }
三、序列化為二進(jìn)制文件
C#中將對(duì)象序列化和反序列化為二進(jìn)制文件的類是BinaryFormatter，要引用System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary，另外Book類頭要加
[Serializable]屬性。
先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)BinaryFormatter對(duì)象實(shí)例，然后用實(shí)例的Serialize的方法將對(duì)象寫入到文件流中，代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] [Serializable] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 對(duì)象序列化為二進(jìn)制文件 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //對(duì)象序列化為二進(jìn)制文件 BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"E:\book.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { formatter.Serialize(stream, book); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
可以通過(guò)BinaryFormatter類型實(shí)例的Deserialize()方法把二進(jìn)制文本反序列化為對(duì)象，代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] [Serializable] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 將二進(jìn)制文件反序列化為對(duì)象 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //序列化文件 BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"E:\book.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { Book outBook = formatter.Deserialize(stream) as Book; Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); } Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
我們同樣也可以把序列化和把序列化為二進(jìn)制文件的方法封裝成泛型方法，全部代碼如下：
public class Program { /// <summary> /// Book類 /// </summary> [DataContract] [Serializable] public class Book { [DataMember] public int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public float Price { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 序列化反序列化幫助類 /// </summary> public class SerializerHelper { #region 二進(jìn)制文件序列化反序列化 /// <summary> /// 將對(duì)象序列化為字符串 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">實(shí)例</param> /// <returns>字符串</returns> public static string ObjectToString<T>(T t) { BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { formatter.Serialize(stream, t); string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); return result; } } /// <summary> /// 將對(duì)象序列化為二進(jìn)制文件 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="t">實(shí)例</param> /// <param name="path">存放路徑</param> public static void ObjectToBinaryFile<T>(T t, string path) { BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate)) { formatter.Serialize(stream, t); stream.Flush(); } } /// <summary> /// 將字符串反序列為對(duì)象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="s">字符串</param> /// <returns>對(duì)象</returns> public static T StringToObject<T>(string s) where T : class { byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s); BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer)) { T result = formatter.Deserialize(stream) as T; return result; } } /// <summary> /// 將二進(jìn)制文件反序列化為對(duì)象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">類型</typeparam> /// <param name="path">路徑</param> /// <returns>對(duì)象</returns> public static T BinaryFileToObject<T>(string path) where T : class { using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open)) { BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); T result = formatter.Deserialize(stream) as T; return result; } } #endregion } static void Main(string[] args) { #region 二進(jìn)制文件序列化反序列化泛型方法 Book book = new Book() { Id = 101, Name = "C#程序設(shè)計(jì)", Price = 79.5f }; //對(duì)象序列化為二進(jìn)制文件 SerializerHelper.ObjectToBinaryFile(book, @"E:\book.txt"); //二進(jìn)制文件反序列化為對(duì)象 Book outBook = SerializerHelper.BinaryFileToObject<Book>(@"E:\book.txt") as Book; Console.WriteLine($"{outBook.Id} {outBook.Name} {outBook.Price}"); Console.Read(); #endregion } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
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