1. critical period（中山大學(xué)2017研）
【答案】The critical period hypothesis is a theory in the study of language acquisition which posits that there is a critical period of time in which the human mind can most easily acquire language. This idea is often considered with regard to primary language acquisition, and those who agree with this hypothesis argue that language must be learned in the first few years of life or else the ability to acquire language is greatly hindered. The critical period hypothesis is also used in secondary language acquisition, regarding the idea of a time period in which a secondary language can be most easily acquired.查看答案
2. reference（北外2014研）
【答案】Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. The second object—the one to which the first object refers—is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres of human knowledge, adopting shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used.查看答案
3. anaphor（南開(kāi)大學(xué)2011年研）
【答案】The term anaphor is used in a narrow sense to include only reflexives like myself and reciprocals like each other.查看答案
4. cohesion（北師大2004年研）
【答案】Cohesion refers to the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a discourse. This may be relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence. It can be achieved by cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion.查看答案
5. speech act（浙江大學(xué)2005研）
【答案】Speech act is a central concept in Speech Act Theory, according to which, we are performing various kinds of acts when we are speaking. Actions performed through utterances are generally called speech acts.查看答案
6. scale schema（中山大學(xué)2013研）
【答案】It involves an increase or decrease of physical or metaphorical amount, and consists of any of the following: a closed-end or open-ended progression of amount, a position in the progression of amount, one or more norms of amount, a calibration of amount. Here are some examples of scale schemas: physical amounts, properties in the number system.查看答案
7. interlanguage（上海交大2005研）
【答案】It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It’s a language system between the target language and the learner’s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner’s native language. For example, when the Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like “to touch the society”.查看答案
8. contrastive analysis（北航2010研）
【答案】Contrastive analysis is an approach to analysis of second language acquisition, based on a belief that a more effective teaching pedagogy would come out when the similarities and differences between native language and target language are taken into consideration. By such an analysis, it is supposed that some leaning difficulties could be predicted in terms of language transfer.查看答案
9. language acquisition（北外2011研）
【答案】Language acquisition refers to the learning and development of a person’s language. The learning of a native or first language is called first language acquisition, and the learning of a second or foreign language is called second language acquisition.
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