標(biāo)簽： 英語語言學(xué)語言學(xué)定義 | 分類： 語言學(xué)linguistics |
what is languistics?
linguistics is usually defined as the science of language or ,alternatively,as the scientific study of language.linguistics is a rich and exciting field.however,there have been arguments about whether lilnguistics is science,especially when it was just coming into being.but now the arguments die away and linguistics has firmly established its place as a major branch of social science.as a rcognized academic subject,it's an area with immense research potential,and a scholarly "industry"which produces a large amount of books,dissertations and papers every year.language is so valuable to the individual,so critical to the efficient functioning of human societies,and in itself so impressively intricate and profound in structure,that it's bound to attract a great amount of intellectual attention.and since this attention must produce studies which have practical importance(e.g.in speech therapy,education,teachniques of translation and many more"applied "concerns.)linguistics is bound to be an academically and economically favored pursuit.it is also a subject of theoretical importance,for one thing,structuralism originating from Saussure's views has influenced many other related social sciences such as literary studies and social studies.in China the study of language has a long history but modern linguistics still has a long way to go to enjoy a "boom".as a science,llinguistics now has a set of established theories,methods and sub-branches.as for its date,now the argument over intuition or corpus also fade as people realize the advangages of both and as corpus linguistics develops rapidly with the advent of computer technology.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is empirical,rather than speculative or intuitive:it operates with publicly variale date obtained by means of observation or experiment(Lyons,1982:38).
什么是語言學(xué)呢？
語言學(xué)經(jīng)常被定義為語言的科學(xué)，或語言的科學(xué)研究。語言學(xué)是個豐富而有意思的領(lǐng)域。但是，對于語言是否是科學(xué)這個問題曾經(jīng)有過爭議，特別是在這個觀點(diǎn)剛剛形成之時。現(xiàn)在，這些爭議已經(jīng)消失，語言學(xué)堅(jiān)定地確立了作為社會科學(xué)的主要分支的地位。作為一個已經(jīng)被人們認(rèn)識的學(xué)術(shù)主題，它具有極大的研究潛力，是一個學(xué)者“工廠”，每年制造出大量的書籍，論文和專著。語言對個人來說是多門有價值，對于人類社會有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是多么至關(guān)重要，它自身在結(jié)構(gòu)上又是多么復(fù)雜和深奧，所以它必定會吸引大量的知識分子的注意力。而這肯定又會產(chǎn)生有實(shí)際效用的研究活動（如語言治療，教育，翻譯技巧和許多其他應(yīng)用性的活動）。語言學(xué)必定會成為一種受歡迎的學(xué)術(shù)性的，經(jīng)濟(jì)性的追求。他還是一門具有理論重要性的學(xué)科，源自于索緒爾觀點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)主義已經(jīng)影響到了其他很相關(guān)的社會科學(xué)，如文學(xué)研究和社會學(xué)研究。而在中國，雖然語言的研究有著久遠(yuǎn)的歷史，但是現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)卻還需要長期不懈的努力去達(dá)到一個高峰。作為一門科學(xué)，語言學(xué)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)建立了一整套理論，方法和分支。而且今天，人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到了直覺和語料各自的優(yōu)勢，并且，隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)展，語料庫語言學(xué)也得到了飛速的發(fā)展，所以，關(guān)于選擇直覺還是語料的爭論已經(jīng)平息。來盎司在70年代就遇到了這個，他指出，語言學(xué)史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，而不是猜想的或直覺的：它的操作是依靠由觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)得來的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行的。(來昂斯Lyons,1982:38).以上是《語言學(xué)教程》關(guān)于語言學(xué)的相關(guān)解釋，可能與原文不符，只是我對主要內(nèi)容的歸納。如果想進(jìn)一步了解關(guān)于語言學(xué)的定義，可以參考語言學(xué)網(wǎng)站或其他相關(guān)資料。
