導(dǎo)語(yǔ)
動(dòng)物集體運(yùn)動(dòng)中涌現(xiàn)的集體智能現(xiàn)象，在不同物種中普遍存在，是復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)科學(xué)研究的重要課題。從集體行為中推斷區(qū)分群體中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和追隨者，進(jìn)而理解集體行為中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)-追隨模式的形成和發(fā)展，對(duì)于理解人類社會(huì)的復(fù)雜集體行為、優(yōu)化集群機(jī)器人行為邏輯、設(shè)計(jì)大規(guī)模分布式人機(jī)互動(dòng)決策的算法，具有啟發(fā)意義。來(lái)自圣塔菲研究所、華盛頓大學(xué)、克拉克森大學(xué)的合作團(tuán)隊(duì)，提出了一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)分析框架，從多維度、多類型、廣譜的角度剖析了集體行為中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力（leadership）。
關(guān)鍵詞：集體運(yùn)動(dòng)，集體智能，涌現(xiàn)
Joshua Garland, Andrew M. Berdahl, Jie Sun, Erik M. Bollt | 作者
劉培源、劉志航 | 譯者
鄧一雪 | 編輯
論文題目：
Anatomy of leadership in collective behaviour
論文鏈接： https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.5024395
摘要
1. 概述
2. 一般數(shù)學(xué)框架
3. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主要組成部分
4. 驗(yàn)證領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力推斷方法的模型沙盒
5. 后記
摘要
1. 概述
2. 一般數(shù)學(xué)框架
3. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主要組成部分
A. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的來(lái)源
圖1. 鴿群中的等級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。根據(jù)Nagy等人的定義，定向邊從有影響力的個(gè)體指向他們所影響的個(gè)體[19 ]，例如，傾向于領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ，而沒(méi)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)任何人。
B. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的特點(diǎn)
圖2. 個(gè)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的覆蓋范圍。每個(gè)帶紅圈的節(jié)點(diǎn)都在可達(dá)性集合內(nèi)，因此也是個(gè)體的可及范圍。
C. 現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的動(dòng)物行為和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的剖析
4. 驗(yàn)證領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力推斷方法的模型沙盒
A. 基本的集體運(yùn)動(dòng)模型
圖3. 帶狀蜂群模型示意圖。黑色的三角形是焦點(diǎn)個(gè)體。紅色的環(huán)標(biāo)志著排斥區(qū)R。藍(lán)色圓圈是定向區(qū)O，焦點(diǎn)個(gè)體試圖與這個(gè)區(qū)域的個(gè)體（圖中的藍(lán)色三角形）對(duì)齊。外圈是吸引區(qū)A，焦點(diǎn)個(gè)體試圖靠近這些個(gè)體（圖中的綠色三角形）。然后，產(chǎn)生的期望方向是綠色和藍(lán)色矢量的總和。
B. 明確增加領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的來(lái)源
C. 測(cè)試領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的特征
D.一個(gè)潛在的陷阱：影響力vs.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力
5. 后記
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