來(lái)自專(zhuān)筑編輯羅曉茜，劉慶新的報(bào)道。香港Charles Lai事務(wù)所和東京Takehiko Suzuki事務(wù)所，與同香港當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間單位中立建筑工作室合作，用竹子和當(dāng)?shù)乜捎玫牟牧?，為在尼泊爾地震難民設(shè)計(jì)了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的快速安裝避難所。兩個(gè)建筑事務(wù)所發(fā)起一個(gè)建造救援組織——Architecture for the Mass，應(yīng)對(duì)2015年4月在尼泊爾發(fā)生的地震。
From the architect. Charles Lai from Hong Kong and Takehiko Suzuki from Tokyo, together with Hong Kong based practice aona (atelier of neutral architecture), completed a prototype for a rapid erected shelter for earthquake victims in Nepal with bamboo poles and other locally available materials. The two architects initiated an architectural relief organization, Architecture for the Mass, in April 2015 in response to the Nepal Earthquake.
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
災(zāi)難救援機(jī)構(gòu)面臨的障礙之一是在尼泊爾進(jìn)行山地運(yùn)輸。許多路面十分狹窄，卡車(chē)和重型負(fù)載都不能通過(guò)。因此，盡管緊急救援物資例如帳篷和帆布等材料可以由飛機(jī)運(yùn)到尼泊爾，但這些材料很難擴(kuò)散到偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊。因此,許多失去家園的家庭，建立了臨時(shí)避難所。但顯然它的結(jié)構(gòu)不夠堅(jiān)固，空間不舒服且沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)牡匕搴蛪Ρ凇Ｋ麄兪褂貌豢拐鸬哪啻u，因?yàn)樗闹亓恳部赡軐?dǎo)致危險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)雨季來(lái)臨時(shí)，大雨也很容易進(jìn)入房子里面。
One of the obstacles faced by disaster relief agencies in Nepal is that transportations across the mountainous country are of tremendous difficulties. Many of the road surfaces were not paved properly and were too narrow for trucks with heavy loads. As a result, even though emergency relief materials such as tents and canvas could be flew into Nepal by cargo planes, these materials can hardly proliferate into the remote villages. As a result, many families who lost their home have built temporary shelters by themselves. But apparently its structure is fragile and the space is uncomfortable without proper floors and walls. Mud bricks they use are not earthquake resistant, and dangerous because of its weight. When the monsoon season comes, the heavy rain water can easily come inside.
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況，Charles 和Takehiko設(shè)計(jì)了一種竹子框架的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)，可以建造更舒適的避難所，且可以在尼泊爾的村莊就地取材，方便安裝。竹子是一種廉價(jià)和豐富的材料，也很容易運(yùn)輸、切割和組裝。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的連接，非技術(shù)工人也可以在2 - 3天內(nèi)組裝避難所。建筑師還準(zhǔn)備了施工手冊(cè)，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明竹結(jié)構(gòu)框架的組裝方法。手冊(cè)可以通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳輸?shù)經(jīng)]有建筑專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的地區(qū)。即使當(dāng)?shù)貨](méi)有建造方面的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，也可以按照手冊(cè)裝成臨時(shí)的各種功能的建筑，如住所、托兒所、診所、社區(qū)中心等。
In response to that, Charles and Takehiko designed a system of bamboo frame structure that could allow shelters to be more comfortable and erected efficiently with materials that are available locally in the villages of Nepal. Bamboo is a cheap and abundant material in the area, also quite easy to deliver, cut, and assemble. Together with the simple connection details, unskilled workers can assemble the shelter within 2-3 days. The architects prepared a construction manual that illustrated the assembly methods of the bamboo structural frames. The manual could be transferred through the Internet into regions without construction professionals. The local could simply follow the manual and assemble the bamboo frames into temporary buildings of various functions, such as shelter, nursery, clinic, community center, etc. without the help from construction professionals.
Floor Plan/平面圖
Section/剖面圖
Detail/細(xì)節(jié)
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
為了應(yīng)對(duì)雨季的澇災(zāi)，建筑框架由一個(gè)凸起的平臺(tái)和斜屋頂組成，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)能保持室內(nèi)干燥。對(duì)角線元素為框架提供剛性，提高結(jié)構(gòu)的抗地震能力。根據(jù)建筑材料的可用性，金屬板、帆布或竹條可以用來(lái)構(gòu)造建筑的外立面。原型建筑位于Duwakot村，與香港One Village Focus Fund(鄉(xiāng)村關(guān)注基金會(huì))合作。一個(gè)10人的團(tuán)隊(duì)志愿者和4工人建造避難所只需要2天時(shí)間。木材和金屬板從受損的房屋中取出被重新利用作為避難所的外立面。一個(gè)3米×6米大小避難所的成本約為400美元- 500美元。竹結(jié)構(gòu)框架根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)功能可以劃分成四間不同大小的房間。Charles和Takehiko預(yù)測(cè)簡(jiǎn)裝避難所可以在尼泊爾提供臨時(shí)住所。當(dāng)?shù)乜梢詮脑驮O(shè)計(jì)中得到啟發(fā)，根據(jù)實(shí)際條件建造更高級(jí)的建筑。目的就是為大多家庭提供建造臨時(shí)住所的工具和方法。該設(shè)計(jì)可以無(wú)形地加強(qiáng)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)建立其自助網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加速?gòu)臑?zāi)難中復(fù)蘇。
To prepare for the rain during the monsoon season, the sectional profile of the frames consists of a raised platform and a pitched roof design to keep the interior dry. The diagonal elements provide rigidity to the frame and improve the quake resistant ability of the structure. Depending on the availability of building materials, metal sheets, canvas, or bamboo strips could be used to construct the envelope of the structure. The prototype was built in the village of Duwakot in collaboration with One Village Focus Fund in Hong Kong. A team of 10 volunteers and 4 paid workers constructed the prototype in 2 days. Timber and metal sheets from the damaged houses were reused to construct the envelope of the shelter. The cost of the 3m x 6m shelter is around US$400 -$ 500. The bamboo structural frame could be appropriated into different sizes depending on the function of the structure. Charles and Takehiko anticipate the prototype to provide an alternative solution for temporary shelters in Nepal. The local can assimilate the design of the prototype and produce evolved designs based on its principle. The aim is to equip general households with the tools and methods to erect their own temporary structures. Potentially, the design can empower the local community to establish a self-help network among themselves and speedup the recovery from the disaster.
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
避難所的臨時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)原型被發(fā)展和建造好后，建筑師將專(zhuān)注于重建在Gorkha, Katunge和 Bhaktapur地區(qū)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞的學(xué)校和社區(qū)設(shè)施。 (航空運(yùn)輸是由香港Expedia贊助)
After the development and construction of the temporary structure prototype, Architecture for the mass will focus on reconstruction of schools and community facilities in severely damages regions of Gorkha, Katunge and Bhaktapur regions.
(Air transportation is sponsored by Expedia Hong Kong)
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Site Plan/場(chǎng)地平面圖
Detail/細(xì)節(jié)
Detail/細(xì)節(jié)
建筑設(shè)計(jì)： Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
位置：尼泊爾
設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)： Eric Ng, Gigi Lee, Timothy Lam, Yorkun Ho (Architecture for the Mass), Hari, Bibek, Sujan, Dinesh, Sudip, Prabhakar, Bibhuti, Laxman, Binay (Nepal local team), Samantha Tang, Lai Pui Tung, Ho Fung Lun
面積：18.0平方米
項(xiàng)目時(shí)間：2015年
攝影:由 Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki提供
投資： One Village Focus Fund
贊助商：香港Expedia公司
Architects: Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Location: Duwakot, Nepal
Design Team: Eric Ng, Gigi Lee, Timothy Lam, Yorkun Ho (Architecture for the Mass), Hari, Bibek, Sujan, Dinesh, Sudip, Prabhakar, Bibhuti, Laxman, Binay (Nepal local team), Samantha Tang, Lai Pui Tung, Ho Fung Lun
Area: 18.0 sqm
Project Year: 2015
Photographs: Courtesy of Charles Lai, Takehiko Suzuki
Funded By: One Village Focus Fund
Sponsors: Expedia Hong Kong
出處：本文譯自www.archdaily.com/，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
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