清明,兼具自然和人文兩大內(nèi)涵,既是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣(the 24th traditional Chinese solar terms)之一,也是傳統(tǒng)祭祖(ancestor worship)節(jié)日。
清明節(jié),又稱踏青節(jié)、行清節(jié)、三月節(jié)、祭祖節(jié)等,節(jié)期在仲春與暮春之交(The festival is at the turn of mid spring and late spring )。
《 清 明 》
這一時(shí)節(jié),生氣旺盛、陰氣衰退,萬(wàn)物“吐故納新”,大地呈現(xiàn)春和景明之象(the earth presents a scene of spring and scenery),正是郊外踏青春游和行清墓祭的好時(shí)節(jié)(it's a good season for having a spring outing and carrying out tomb sacrifice)。
我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的清明節(jié)大約始于周代,已有兩千五百多年的歷史(China's traditional Qingming Festival began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2500 years)。
清明節(jié)與寒食節(jié)本是兩個(gè)節(jié)日(Tomb Sweeping Day and Cold Food Festival are two festivals),后由于清明節(jié)和寒食節(jié)日子相近,漸漸的,二者合二為一(Later,because of the day of Qingming festival and Hanshi Festival were close, they gradually merged into a single festival ),寒食成為清明的別稱(Hanshi Festival became another name of Qingming Festival)。
踏青
踏青古時(shí)叫探春、尋春等,即為春日郊游(spring outing),一般指春日時(shí)到郊外散步游玩(go for a walk in the countryside in spring)。清明時(shí)節(jié),春回大地,自然界到處呈現(xiàn)一派生機(jī)勃勃的景象,正是郊游的大好時(shí)光。
清明前后,春陽(yáng)照臨,春雨飛灑,種植樹(shù)苗成活率高,長(zhǎng)得快(the survival rate of planting trees is high and the trees grow fast),因此,清明節(jié)有植樹(shù)的習(xí)俗(there is a custom of planting trees on Qingming Festival)。這一習(xí)俗據(jù)說(shuō)源于戴柳插柳的風(fēng)俗。
放風(fēng)箏是清明時(shí)節(jié)人們所喜愛(ài)的活動(dòng)之一(kite flying is one of the popular activities in Qingming Festival)。每逢清明節(jié),人們不僅白天放風(fēng)箏,夜間也放(during the Qingming Festival, people not only fly kites during the day, but also at night)。夜里的風(fēng)箏會(huì)掛上一串串彩色的小燈籠,像是閃爍的星星,被稱為“神燈”。
掃墓祭祖是清明節(jié)的重要習(xí)俗(tomb sweeping and ancestor worship is an important custom of Qingming Festival),一般由兩部分組成:一是整修墳?zāi)?/span>(renovate the grave);二是掛燒紙錢(qián)、供奉祭品(hanging and burning the paper money,offering sacrifice)。
這種行為一方面可以表達(dá)祭祀者對(duì)先人的孝敬和關(guān)懷(on the one hand ,it can express the worshiper's filial piety and care for their ancestors),另一方面祖先的墳?zāi)古c子孫后代的興衰禍福有莫大的關(guān)系(on the other hand, the ancestors' tombs have a great relationship with the rise and fall of future generations),培墓是不可忽視的一項(xiàng)祭奠內(nèi)容(and the cultivation of tombs is a memorial content that can't be ignored)。
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