【往期回顧】
下面是第119-120課的參考答案：
1. This is the book _which/that_ I bought yesterday.
2. He will never forget the days _which/that_ he spent in the village last year.
3. Do you still remember the girl _who/that_ helped us during the holiday?
4. The boy _whose_ mother is a nurse is from Shanghai.
5. We can turn to the man _who/whom/that_ you mentioned just now.
一、課文原文
本課繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的用法。
與第121-122課相比，第123-124課側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的是關(guān)系代詞的省略以及定語從句改為短語的用法。
（一）關(guān)系代詞的省略
在限定性定語從句中，有的時候用來連接定語從句的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，其前提條件是，先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，如：
He is the boy who/whom/that I helped yesterday. He is the boy I helped yesterday.
再比如：
Do you like the novel which/that she has published?
Do you like the novel which/that she has published?
【注意】
在非限定性定語從句中，無論先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分，關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。
（二）定語從句改為短語
在限定性定語從句中，有的時候可以把定語從句改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)，但必須同時滿足兩個條件，即：
1、先行詞在定語從句中作主語；
2、定語從句的謂語中不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞。
將定語從句改為短語的基本方法是：
1、去掉關(guān)系代詞；
2、如果定語從句的謂語為主動語態(tài)，則保留動詞的ing形式或把謂語動詞改為ing形式（如果謂語中含有完成時，則把助動詞have/has/had改為having）；
3、如果定語從句的謂語為被動語態(tài)，則保留動詞的ed形式（如果謂語中含有完成時，則把助動詞have/has/had改為having）。
如：
The girl who is speaking to John is my little sister.
上句中的the girl是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句中的謂語為主動語態(tài)，且不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞，所以這個定語從句可以改為短語，只要把who和is去掉，保留speaking，即：
The girl speaking to John is my little sister.
再比如：
The old lady loves her dog which costs her a lot of money.
上句中的her dog是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句中的謂語為主動語態(tài)，且不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞，所以這個定語從句可以改為短語，只要去掉which，并把costs改為costing，即：
The old lady loves her dog costing her a lot of money.
再比如：
The man who has been there twice is a pilot.
上句中的the man是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句中的謂語為主動語態(tài)，且不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞，所以這個定語從句可以改為短語，只要去掉who，把has改為having，即：
The man having been there twice is a pilot.
再比如：
I have repaird the window which was broken by my son just now.
上句中的the window是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句中的謂語為被動語態(tài)，且不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞，所以這個定語從句可以改為短語，只要去掉which和was，保留broken，即：
I have repaird the window broken by my son just now.
再比如：
He is the man who has been put to prison.
上句中的the man是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句中的謂語為被動語態(tài)，且不含有助動詞shall/will/would或情態(tài)動詞，所以這個定語從句可以改為短語，只要去掉who，把has改為having，即：
He is the man having been put to prison.
【注意】
1、在限定性定語從句中，只有當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，才有可能把定語從句改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)；
2、如果定語從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，有時也可以改為短語，如：
He is my uncle who is expert at swimming.
He is my uncle expert at swimming.
The man who looks sad is my father.
The man looking sad is my father.
3、非限定性定語從句不能改為短語。
三、一課一題
根據(jù)本課的重要語法點，讓我們來練一練吧，請把下列定語從句改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. That is our English teacher who plays football very well.
2. This is the book which has been translated into many foreign languages.
3. Have you watched the game which was held in Shanghai yesterday?
4. The soldier who has saved ten children from the fire is only nineteen years old.
5. Do you know the man who is keen on extreme sports?
