在留學(xué)生英文論文作業(yè)寫作中單詞的位置直接會(huì)影響到句意表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性，某個(gè)單詞的位置一但發(fā)生變化，很可能就會(huì)發(fā)生歧義的現(xiàn)象，整從而導(dǎo)致整個(gè)句子子的意思甚至整個(gè)段落的意思發(fā)生變化，因此留學(xué)生們?cè)谶M(jìn)行論文寫作的時(shí)候要注意單詞位置，并積極地使用相關(guān)介詞(如of)，避免發(fā)生歧義。下文中小編就舉一些例子來給大家說明如何有效的避免歧義現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。
例①：Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists.
改進(jìn)：Anaesthetists and adverse reactions to drugs.
分析：原文容易讓人產(chǎn)生疑惑，到底是Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，還是Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，也就是這個(gè)to到底是管到drugs還是anaesthetists。
作者的原意是：Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists，所以，為了避免歧義，我們把a(bǔ)naesthetists放在最前面，這樣就避免了上面的疑惑。
例②：a series of fixed duration sequential constant rate infusions
改進(jìn)：sequential infusions of constant rate and fixed duration
分析：原文中infusions的修飾部分太長了。首先，我們可以考慮加上連字符，這樣意思就清晰了很多：a series of fixed-duration sequential constant-rate infusions。不過infusions的修飾部分仍然很長，我們可以考慮把修飾部分放到infusions的后面：a series of sequential infusions of constant rate and fixed duration。最后，a series of和sequential意思重復(fù)，二者取其一即可。
例③：crevicular fluid biochemical profile complexity
改進(jìn)：complexity of the biochemical profile of crevicular fluid
分析：原文修飾成分堆砌嚴(yán)重，可以逐一分離，把修飾關(guān)系厘清。biochemical profile是指crevicular fluid的，所以不妨寫成biochemical profile of crevicular fluid，而complexity是指biochemical profile的，所以可再用一個(gè)of，即：complexity of the biochemical profile of crevicular fluid。
例④：The growth factor involvement in this regeneration process has been
rather extensively studied.
改進(jìn)：The involvement of growth factors in this regeneration process has been
rather extensively studied.
分析：從growth factor involvement中無法判斷是涉及單個(gè)growth factor還是多個(gè)growth factor，所以改成involvement of growth factors就可以傳遞這一重要信息，并且避免了詞語的堆砌。
例⑤：At present,health care cost containment remains a national priority...
改進(jìn)：At present,containment of the cost of health care remains a national priority..
分析：同上例，health care cost containment也存在詞語堆砌的問題，我們可以用of將其進(jìn)行分割。
例⑥：Because only K+evoked noradrenaline release is extracellular Ca2+dependent our data suggest block of Ca2+channels.
改進(jìn)：We suggest the mechanism is by block of Ca2+channels,because only K+-evoked release of noradrenaline is dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
分析：在原文中，我們需要讀到is才意識(shí)到K+evoked noradrenaline release不是名詞+動(dòng)詞+名詞的形式，而是形容詞+名詞的形式，所以改成K+-evoked release of noradrenaline會(huì)更加一目了然;我們讀到dependent才意識(shí)到原來是dependent on extracellular Ca2+的意思。
修飾成分過長使得我們總要讀到后面的內(nèi)容才能正確理解前面的內(nèi)容，這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致閱讀比較費(fèi)勁。我們可以添加連字符以及介詞(如of、on)，并調(diào)整單詞的順序，從而讓句意一目了然。
例⑦：Humans with damage to the amygdala have difficulty perceiving fear on someone’s face and do not learn normally to identify stimuli that signal danger.
改進(jìn)：Humans with damage to the amygdala have difficulty perceiving fear on someone’s face and do not learn to identify normally the stimuli that signal danger.
分析：normally可以表示“正常”的意思(normal learning)，也可以表示“通常情況下”的意思(usually the patients do not learn)，原文中這兩種理解似乎都說得過去。作者的原意是normal learning，所以可以把normally放在to的后面。
不過，一般我們?cè)谟⑽恼撐膶懽髦斜M量避免用副詞把不定時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分開，即：to normally identify，這樣會(huì)顯得比較笨拙，所以可以把normally移至identify的后面，即：to identify normally stimuli that signal danger.
由于stimuli后面接that引導(dǎo)的定語從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行具體描述，所以最好在stimuli前加上the，表示特指。
例⑧：Traditionally surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed through arthrotomy incisions.
改進(jìn)：Surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed traditionally through arthrotomy incisions.
分析：將Traditionally放在surgical procedures前面容易讓人誤以為它是修飾surgical的，其實(shí)它是修飾performed的，表示through arthrotomy incisions是一種傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)方式。所以，最好是將traditionally放在performed的后面。
另外，也可以在Traditionally后面加上一個(gè)逗號(hào)，將其與surgical procedures分開：Traditionally,surgical procedures on the knee joint have been performed through arthrotomy incisions.
以上就是一些關(guān)于如何在留學(xué)論文寫作中有效避免出現(xiàn)歧義現(xiàn)象的舉例分析，希望這些內(nèi)容可以幫到大家在以后的論文作業(yè)寫作當(dāng)中避免出現(xiàn)歧義的錯(cuò)誤。
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