扶乩，《辭?！返慕忉屖牵阂环N迷信，扶即扶架，乩指卜以問疑…… 也叫扶箕、扶鸞，與扶乩相似的迷信，世界各地都有。
據(jù)《中華道教大辭典》解釋：扶乩是古代“天人交通”術(shù)的一種，又名扶鸞。英文為Sciomancy或Planchette Writing意即箕占、篩占、乩占等。
扶乩的最早紀(jì)錄見于我國東晉時期，唐時傳入日本，由日本傳入荷蘭，再由荷蘭傳入歐美各國，在日本叫做“靈子術(shù)”，西方國家稱扶乩的板為“維吉板”，研究扶乩的組織叫“靈學(xué)會”，能夠組織扶乩和與神交流的人稱“神媒”或“靈媒”。美國前總統(tǒng)威爾遜生前篤信扶乩，有一次乩盤上寫出了許多古代希伯來文，當(dāng)時在場的人都不認(rèn)識；英國著名生物學(xué)家查理·達爾文的哥哥伊拉斯馬斯·達爾文堅信扶乩，經(jīng)常在自己家里組織扶乩會，達爾文曾經(jīng)參加了一次扶乩會，但中途退場了， 達爾文的好朋友、著名生物學(xué)家赫胥黎對扶乩雖然持懷疑態(tài)度，但經(jīng)常參加扶乩會，而達爾文的另一位好友、著名科學(xué)家華萊士卻是扶乩的堅決擁護者。
我國歷史上，民間扶乩多在正月15日夜里，迎請紫姑神，卜問來年農(nóng)耕、?？?、功名之事。唐代李商隱就有“羞逐鄉(xiāng)人賽紫姑”的詩句。宋代沈括《夢溪筆談》“近歲迎紫姑仙者極多”。宋代洪邁《夷堅志》詳細(xì)描述了扶箕的情形。詩人陸游《箕卜》詩描述了扶乩迎請紫姑神的情形。
1651年，有個云間（今上海松江）男子扶乩?！柏老伞苯蹬R后，該男子問：仙從哪里來？乩書曰：“兒家原住古錢塘，曾有詩篇號斷腸?！?該男子又問：仙是何姓氏？乩書曰：“猶傳小字在詞場?！币驗樵撃凶硬恢烙小稊嗄c集》，看見乩文有“兒家”兩字，知道“乩仙”肯定是女子，便猜測道：“仙莫非是蘇小小嗎？”乩書曰：“漫把若蘭方淑士，”該男子還是不解又問：“莫非是李清照嗎？”乩書又曰：“須知清照易貞娘，朱顏說與任君詳?！痹撃凶舆@才恍然大悟，知道是朱淑真降壇，于是一問一答，“乩仙”寫成《浣溪紗》等詞后離去。因為該男子不通詩文，不知道朱淑真的詩作《斷腸集》，所以這里“乩仙”的文采，明顯高于該扶乩者，乩文由扶乩者造作的可能性幾乎為零。
曾有人扶乩，迎來呂洞賓降乩作詩云：“此間雞犬亦神仙，信是桃源別有天。覺得春風(fēng)都著意，綠楊如畫柳如煙?！?似乎仙界也一樣擁有雞犬、春風(fēng)、楊柳等人情風(fēng)物。
在1700年前的東晉年間，扶乩就已經(jīng)進入了非常成熟的應(yīng)用階段，這樣看來，扶乩存在于我國民間，應(yīng)該有2000年的歷史了。兩千年來，扶乩的用具幾乎沒有變化，一般有專用的木制沙盤和三角形、丁字形乩架，或笸籮、篩、籮等，而降臨乩壇的角色卻隨著時代變遷，有與時俱進的特點，據(jù)上海交通大學(xué)教授江曉原考證：降臨乩 壇的一般為鬼、神、仙等角色，清末民初，“在‘同善社’降壇的有孔子、老子、釋迦牟尼、穆罕默德、耶穌、拿破侖、華盛頓、托爾斯泰等等”。人們對扶乩的真假與否，仁者見仁、智者見智，對待扶乩的態(tài)度長期莫衷一是。
1945年夏初，重慶成立了國際宗教研究會，發(fā)起人為了撰寫宣言，便組織扶乩，請濟公降臨乩壇為研究會題寫宣言，曾經(jīng)出任中國駐印度等國外交使節(jié)的盧春芳先生，親眼目睹并記錄下濟公降臨乩壇題寫的乩文. 濟公以“鍾靈毓秀”為韻，題寫了《國際宗教研究會宣言》：
01
大道之行-To bring the highest ideals of God into practice.
天下為公-The best world can be made without prejudice.
不分彼此-';This'; and ';that';, is needless to say.
無論西東-Or ';east'; and ';west';, anyway.
02
大如宇宙-As large as the whole universe.
小似魚蟲-Or as small as an insect or a fish.
形體有異-They differ only in body and size.
性靈終同-With the same soul in each.
03
俯察黃泉- To look upon the heaven above,
仰視霄沖- And down to the ground below.
萬千變化- Many a thousand changes may occur,
不離其宗- But all the same are governed by law.
04
純乎自然-This seems quite natural,
異曲同工-To sing different songs with equal skill.
生化之間-During an interval of life and death,
各秉正統(tǒng)-Every particle owns a good spirit still.
05
日月星辰-The sun, the moon and the stars are.
彌漫太空-Heavenly bodies all over the sky,
山水沙木-While mountains, waters, sands and woods were.
造化所鍾-Created by God in forms wet or dry.
06
人列三才-In between the heaven and the earth,
靈焉最聰-Human beings are the wisest of all,
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)群倫-To take the lead among the rest,
共樂仁風(fēng)-And enjoy the Big Nature what we can all.
07
溯彼太初-From the very beginning,
萬有穆雍-A peaceful air was over all.
主宰恒存-There must be the Lord,
操縱其中-With an absolute power to control.
08
一胞所系-Such a huge system is of no border,
靜躁不同-With a content of bodies large and small;
無鉅弗包-They may be in motion or at rest,
無細(xì)弗容-That';s the only difference after all.
09
有象易見-With image, one can easily observe.
無形難窮-Lest one can';t even comprehend.
天命莫測-The ways of providence are oftentimes,
自始至終-Inscrutable from beginning to end.
10
生來何自-Where were we born from?
死去何從-Where shall we pass away to?
真理常在-Causes and effects are rather complicate.
因果錯綜-Yet the truth is always true.
11
無化無滅-Unchangeable and indestructible is,
厥為圓靈-The true essence-This one soul.
舍之則亡-It may be neglected and lost,
操之則存-Or it may be kept in full.
12
生生之本-To search for the origin of life eternal.
上蒼之仁-We resort to the great kindness of God.
仁者無敵-For a kind person is always invincible.
草木全仁-And a good plant depends upon its seed bud.
13
恒大悠久-Moreover, eternal is also the civilization,
博厚高明-And profound are both and heaven,
不動而變-Without any abrupt change of themselves,
無為而成-All things molded within.
14
煌煌先哲-So brilliant were the ancient sages-
世界圣人-Saints of the world.
積年累月-For years and months they tried
真諦是尋-With God';s truth to hold.
15
因時因地-To preach the gospel through different apostles,
因事因人-At different times in different localities,
悉奉使命-They were born to be Archangel of God,
至性生成-Together with many good qualities.
16
創(chuàng)立宗教-They had established their religions respectively.
修己度人-To save themselves and others who suffered too much.
善不計功-To cast their own bread into waters,
取義成仁-They had done what ought to be done for each.
17
耶回儒釋-The five religions are Christianity,
道教異名-Mohammedanism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism.
初本一家-With no difference from the outset,
未嘗徑庭-They are the same under God';s kingdom.
18
諸子百家-To develop them into many branches.
衍出多門-There were countless thinkers of the past.
擇善固執(zhí)-They followed strictly the human nature,
率性而行-To prove all things good and hold them fast.
19
自誠而明-Honestly makes a man wise,
自明而誠-Wisdom makes a man honest.
忠以盡己-Faithfulness of oneself is apt to win praise,
恕以待人-Yet forgiveness to others is still the finest.
20
何道非道-Nowhere will not be the truth of God,
晶晶瑩瑩-That';s apparent to everybody.
一以貫之-But success had only those.
炳炳鱗鱗-Who took it under custody.
21
降及後世-Until the recent centuries,
志理競欲-Men forgot truth for wants in competition.
異端紛起-Differences in opinion arose.
入主出奴-From differences in pre-occupation.
22
各因成見-Because some prejudices existed.
互不和睦-They were not mutually reconcilable.
釀為戰(zhàn)爭-As a result, belligerent actions took place
干戈相屬-And wars were unavoidable.
23
禍亂之烈-The disaster might be so serious
此興彼伏-That one came after another.
正義莫張-There could be no more justice,
生靈汨役-And many living souls always died together.
24
或為刀俎-Some of them were slaughterers,
或為魚肉-Some of them were victims.
殘肢缺體-Nothing had there been so dreadful
傷心慘目-As the wounded bodies and limbs.
25
粉碎家庭-Many families were broken.
離散骨肉-Many couples were dissociated.
掠奪土地-Many fertile soils were spoiled.
覆滅異族-Many peoples of different races were annihilated.
26
喪失文化-Civilization was deteriorated.
摧殘教育-Education was metamorphosed.
破壞和平-Peace was destroyed.
犧牲幸福-Welfare was sacrificed.
27
經(jīng)濟崩潰-Financial crisis had always occurred.
自由難圖-As to freedom, ';twas difficult to attain.
科學(xué)誤用-Scientific knowledge was ill-used.
利器百出-Secret weapons were renewed again and again.
28
生活艱苦-To get living, ';twas very hard.
饑饉滿屋-Starvation came to every home, whether new or old.
彌天烽火-Distress had caused pain to all.
遍地萑苻-Robbery existed at nearly every corner of the world.
29
愈演愈厲-The conditions grew worse and worse.
愈來愈酷-The cruelty became more and more.
報應(yīng)昭彰-Both defensive and offensive actions were repeated.
循環(huán)往復(fù)-Those facts were quite clear to all.
30
哀哉蕓蕓-Alas! May poor creatures!
無辜受戮-You have been innocently ill-treated.
既絕反省-Be wiser to plan for yourselves
亟宜自圖-At an early date after thoroughly yon reflected.
31
爰在今日-Therefore it';s up to nowadays.
將謀戰(zhàn)後-A good plan shall be carried out effectively after this war.
永久和平-For the sake of eternal peace
國際機構(gòu)-An international organization is the best by far.
32
宗教教義-The same truth for all religions,
尤當(dāng)研究-Everybody has to research.
信仰自由-The freedom to worship God in one';s own way
理論精透-Is the most fundamental principle one may reach.
33
凡各教徒-Apostles of the world!
悉屬優(yōu)秀-You are all good fellows!
應(yīng)發(fā)宏愿-You have to serve for the greatest will,
救人自救-To save yourselves and any other who follows.
34
不分中外-With no regard to nationality,
男女老幼-Members of different sexes and ages!
殊途同歸-On the basis of equality, you will reach
何薄何厚-The same kingdom of God through different passages.
35
本會成立-Here is the establishment of A.R.I.R.
惟展各埠-With branches in all parts of the world.
宗旨純正-With a righteous aim.
不愧屋漏-We are all faithful to God.
36
發(fā)揮真理-To preach the same truth,
迅伏魔寂-And to defeat the devil enemies,
勝利可期-Victory will be ours,
膚功克奏-Triumphs will not be absurdities.
37
人類文明-Unlike the wild beasts,
非同野獸-Human beings are civilized.
互增情感-Be sympathetic and honest.
勿生疑竇-No doubts can ever be roused.
38
天下大同-In a world of Universal Brotherhood,
河山依舊-As usual, territories have to be restored.
共策安全-To enjoy the same happiness,
胥得享受-The common security must be assured.
39
愿此世界-Wishing that whorled world,
民康物阜-Will return to good order.
一夫不獲-If any individual be there not properly treated,
眾生互救-Any other may be asked as a saver.
40
永久和平-Eternal peace could aptly be maintained,
殆屬天授-If it were gifted by heaven,
愿吾同人-Come on! my dear friends,
精誠奮斗-We have to try our best for this heavy burden.
乩壇上詩文完成后，“濟公”要求在場者譯成英文，但無一人敢譯，于是“濟公”自己翻譯成英文，并囑咐在場者廣為傳播等。
當(dāng)時正值抗戰(zhàn)勝利前夕， “濟公”在乩文中預(yù)言了戰(zhàn)后以維護世界和平為己任的聯(lián)合國的成立，“永久和平，殆屬天授”告訴我們，新的世界大戰(zhàn)不會再來。 當(dāng)時令在場者百思不解的是：“濟公”何時學(xué)會的英文？
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