英語是拼音文字，單詞的讀音和都拼寫比較復(fù)雜。有的單詞詞形不同但讀音相同，有的單詞詞形相似讀音也相似，還有的單詞有多種不同的詞性和詞義。正因?yàn)槿绱?，初學(xué)英語時(shí)，我們會感到英語單詞實(shí)在難背難記。同學(xué)們可能有這樣的體會，在單詞拼寫、詞義辨別、用法辨異中，往往就是那些形似詞、音似詞、義似詞“從中作?！?，屢屢出錯(cuò)。
本部分的“串句速記法”，將兩個(gè)形似詞、音似詞或義似詞安排在同一句中，旨在引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們通過誦讀例句，對比相似詞語的讀音、拼寫和詞義，快速而準(zhǔn)確地掌握這些單詞的用法。所給的這些例句，有的幽默有趣，有的朗朗上口，都具有極強(qiáng)的對比性。
1. trouble的詞性
trouble有動(dòng)詞和名詞兩種詞性。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，trouble的意思是“麻煩；打擾；（使）煩惱”；用作名詞時(shí)，trouble主要作為不可數(shù)名詞使用。誦讀下面這個(gè)句子可速記trouble的詞性：
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這是個(gè)否定開頭的祈使句，第1個(gè)和第4個(gè)trouble都是動(dòng)詞，其中第4個(gè)troubles是單數(shù)第三人稱一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式；第2和第3個(gè)trouble都是不可數(shù)名詞。請?jiān)俦容^例句：
It’s too bad of you to desert her in trouble. 你在她困難的時(shí)候拋棄她，真是太差勁了。
If I were you, I wouldn’t trouble him so much. 如果我是你的話，我是不會這么麻煩他的。
【趁熱打鐵】指出句中trouble的詞性。
1) He always asks his friends for help when he has trouble.
2) Be a cheerful man and nothing can trouble you.
2. can的詞性和詞義
can可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意思是“能；會”，也可以用作名詞，意思是“金屬罐”。另外，can還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，意思是“裝罐頭；做罐頭”。我們可以誦讀下面這兩個(gè)句子速記它的詞性和詞義：
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【趁熱打鐵】指出句中can的詞性。
3) Please say something about what you can do to protect the environment.
4) My father drinks a can of beer almost every day.
26. black與block辨異
black和block僅一個(gè)字母之差，但它們的詞性和詞義大不相同。black是形容詞，意思是“黑色的”，block是名詞，意思是“街區(qū)”。請誦讀下面這個(gè)句子辨別它們的詞性和詞義：
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You may hold on to the third block, then turn left. 你可以一直往前走，到第三個(gè)街區(qū)后向左拐。
【趁熱打鐵】選black或block完成句子。
51) A cat that can catch mice is a good cat, whether it is a ______ one or a white one.
52) He walked down his ______ and found a lot of stores.
29. plane與planet辨異
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請?jiān)俦容^例句：
Because of the snow, the pilot had to land the plane at an airport in another city. 由于大雪，飛行員只得把飛機(jī)降落到另一座城市的一個(gè)機(jī)場上。
Mars is also a planet that has water on its surface besides the earth. 除地球以外，火星也是一個(gè)存在表層水的行星。
【趁熱打鐵】選plane或planet完成句子。
57) It is reported that the scientists has discovered a new ______ in space.
58) We have to be checked at the airport an hour before our ______ took off.
60. aunt與ant辨異
如果你把“我嬸嬸”寫為my ant，那你可就鬧笑話了。aunt的意思是“嬸嬸、阿姨”，而ant的意思是“螞蟻”。請誦讀下面這個(gè)句子辨別它們的詞義：
請?jiān)俦容^例句：
I usually go shopping with my aunt. 我通常和我阿姨一起去購物。
A swimming pool full of water is an ocean to an ant. 灌滿水的游泳池對螞蟻來說簡直就是海洋。
【趁熱打鐵】選aunt或ant完成句子。
119) She was so weak that she walked as slowly as an ______.
120) One afternoon an ______ of ours came to our house.
97. shake與snake辨異
shake和snake僅一個(gè)字母之差。有的同學(xué)在書寫shake時(shí)，h的一豎寫得很短，殊不知這樣一寫shake便變成了snake。shake是動(dòng)詞，意思是“搖動(dòng)、抖動(dòng)、震動(dòng)”，snake是名詞，意思是“蛇”。請誦讀下面這個(gè)句子辨別它們的詞性和詞義：
We had to shake him for a long while to wake him up. 我們不得不搖晃了他半天才把他叫醒。
One day, a blind rabbit and a blind snake met each other. 有一天，一只瞎眼的兔子和一條瞎眼的蛇相遇了。
【趁熱打鐵】選shake或snake完成句子。
193) Soon the ______ woke up and gave the farmer a big bite.
194) I even forgot that he was waiting to ______ hands with me.
99. soap與soup辨異
soap和soup僅一個(gè)字母之差，讀音聽起來也很相近，在聽力題中尤其容易混淆。soap的意思是“肥皂”，soup的意思是“湯”。請誦讀下面這個(gè)句子辨別它們的詞義：
You should often wash your hands with soap and water. 你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常用肥皂和水清洗雙手。
The hungry boy drank up the bowl of soup without a stop. 那個(gè)饑餓的男孩一口氣喝光了那碗湯。
【趁熱打鐵】選soap或soup完成句子。
197) No one wants ______ in beer , but everyone wants the suds（泡沫）.
198) The cook put some more salt into the ______ after he tasted it.
135. before long與long before辨異
Don’t worry. He will forget all about the matter before long. 別擔(dān)心，不久以后他就會把這件事全忘記的。
In fact, the decision had been made long before you came here. 實(shí)際上，在你到來很久之前就已經(jīng)做出這個(gè)決定了。
【趁熱打鐵】選before long或long before完成句子。
215) I have been asked this question several times ______.
216) He was sad no longer because he would see his daughter ______.
some time, sometime, some times和sometimes有分有合，time后有的有s，有的又沒有s，特別容易混淆，難以辨別。我們可以用下面的“歌訣”速記它們的詞義：
You should play with your pet for some time every day. 每天你應(yīng)該和你的寵物一起玩一段時(shí)間。
I need some time to deal with this problem. 我需要一些時(shí)間來處理這個(gè)問題。
二、無s的合并為“他日”：合在一起的sometime，其意思是“他日、有朝一日、將來某個(gè)時(shí)候”。請看例句：
You will have to tell us the truth sometime. 你總有一天得把事實(shí)真相告訴我們。
I hope I can have another chance to stay with you sometime in the future. 我希望將來某個(gè)時(shí)候能有機(jī)會再一次和大家相聚。
三、有s的分開表“幾次”：分開寫的some times，其意思是“幾次”。請看例句：
I was praised by our teacher some times. 我有好幾次受到老師的表揚(yáng)。
He went home to see his mother for some times a year. 一年當(dāng)中，他回家探望他媽媽好幾次。
四、有s的合并為“有時(shí)”：合在一起的sometimes，其意思是“有時(shí)”。請看例句：
An earthquake sometimes causes great damage. 地震有時(shí)會造成重大損失。
Sometimes, our English teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard. 有時(shí)候，我們的英語老師把答案寫在黑板上。
【趁熱打鐵】根據(jù)每題漢語意思，用some time, sometime, some times, sometimes完成英語句子。
206) 過了一會兒，那服務(wù)員回來了，手里拿著一瓶牛奶。
After __________, the waiter came back with a bottle of milk in her hand.
207) 我叔叔已經(jīng)去倫敦好幾次了。
My uncle has been to London __________.
208) 有時(shí)候沉默就是最好的回答。
__________ silence is the best answer.
209) 我希望能在不久的將來去北京。
210) 她休息了一會兒，又繼續(xù)工作了。
158. besides, except, except for與except that用法辨異
雖然besides, except, except for, except that都表示“除了……之外”，然而用法卻不相同，特別容易混淆。我們可以運(yùn)用下面的“歌訣”速記它們的用法區(qū)別：
一、besides屬“A + B”
besides表示“除了……之外”時(shí)，真正含義是“除了……之外，還有……”，屬“A+B”關(guān)系，besides前常有other, also等詞。請看例句：
Many other workers can do the work well besides her. 除她之外，其他許多工人也能做好這項(xiàng)工作。
I also know those five words besides this one. 除了這個(gè)單詞外，我還認(rèn)識那五個(gè)單詞。
二、except屬“整減一”
except表示“整體中減去一部分”，屬“A－B”關(guān)系，except前通常有all, everyone, every day, everywhere等表示“整體概念”的詞語。請看例句：
I looked everywhere except in the bedroom. 除了臥室外，我到處都找遍了。
I agree to all your proposals except the last. 我接受你所有的建議，但最后一條除外。
三、except for“找瑕疵”
except for也表示“除…以外”，但指的是對某種基本情況進(jìn)行具體的細(xì)節(jié)方面的修正。它同except的區(qū)別是：except后接的詞同整體詞（即主語）一般是同類，指在同類的整體中除去一個(gè)部分，而except for后接的詞同句子中的整體詞（即主語）不是同類的，指從整體中除去一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或一個(gè)方面。請看例句：I can answer all the questions except for the last one. 除了最后一題外，所有題目我都可以解答。
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了幾處語法錯(cuò)誤外，你的作文寫得很好。
四、except that“接從句”
except that后接的是“句子”，即“except + that從句”，表達(dá)的概念與except for相同。請看例句：
The suit fitted him well except that the color was a little brighter. 這套衣服他穿了很合身，只是顏色鮮艷了點(diǎn)。
I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing. 對于那位年輕女士的情況，除了知道她是來自北京外，其它的我一概不知。
【溫馨提示】
★ except for與except that有時(shí)可互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:
（1）Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
（2）The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.
=The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods.
★ except后也可接when, where, what等從句。例如：
I know nothing about the accident except what I have read in the newspaper. 對這一事故，我除了在報(bào)上看到的情況外，其它的什么也不知道。
Bamboo grows well except where it is cold and dry. 竹子除了在寒冷、干旱的地方外，都會長得很好。
Mr. Green usually goes to work on foot except when it rains. 除了下雨天外，格林先生通常都是步行去上班。
【趁熱打鐵】根據(jù)每題漢語意思，用besides, except, except for, except that, except when, except what或except where完成英語句子。
300) 一間房子，你怎么改都行，就是不能改它的地點(diǎn)。
301) 除了李明之外，我們班所有的學(xué)生考試都通過了。
All the students in my class passed the exam ________ Li Ming.
302) 我除了打乒乓球外，還打籃球和踢足球。
I play basketball and soccer ________ table tennis.
303) 你的作文寫得很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。
304) 衣服做好了，只是鈕扣未縫上。
305) 除了榮譽(yù)以外, 他還得了一筆錢。
用“歌訣”識記單詞的詞形、詞義和用法，可化枯燥為有趣，化繁瑣為簡潔。本部分介紹的“歌訣”或“順口溜”速記法，有的是詞形、詞義形象識記，有的是詞義、用法趣味識記，同學(xué)們可不妨一試。
1. money與monkey的拼寫與詞義
money和monkey只有一個(gè)字母之差，有趣的是monkey（猴）是money（錢）中多了一個(gè)“k”。我們可以用下面這個(gè)“歌訣”速記它們的拼寫和詞義：
They used up all their money in less than three months. 不到三個(gè)月，他們就把所有的錢都花完了。
Let me tell you a story about a clever little monkey. 我來給你講一個(gè)關(guān)于一只聰明小猴子的故事。
【趁熱打鐵】選money或monkey完成句子。
1) He gave me a book, a pen and some ______ as well.
2) One day, the old man bought a ______ from the market.
2. county與country的拼寫與詞義
county和country只有一個(gè)字母之差，可巧的是country（國家）是county（縣）中多了一個(gè)“r”。我們可以用下面這個(gè)“歌訣”速 記它們的拼寫和詞義：
They hurried through the work and started off for the county town. 他們趕忙把工作做完，然后動(dòng)身到縣城去。
We have achieved great success in the cause of building up our country. 我們在建設(shè)我們國家的事業(yè)中取得了巨大的成就。
【趁熱打鐵】選county或country完成句子。
3) I like that ______, but I have no chance to go there.
4) Our small town is close to the ______ town.
4. push與pull的拼寫與詞義
push表示“推”，pull表示“拉”，有時(shí)我們?nèi)菀谆煜~義。pull的詞形很有意思，結(jié)尾的兩個(gè)“ll”就像兩根繩子，有繩子的便為“拉”。我們可以用下面這個(gè)表示“形象”的順口溜速記它們的拼寫和詞義：
請看例句：
【趁熱打鐵】選push或pull完成句子。
7) I can ______ you up again when you call out to me.
8) She asked the man whether he could give her a ______.
5. lock與clock的拼寫與詞義
lock用作名詞時(shí)意思是“鎖”，用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意思是“鎖；鎖門；鎖定”；clock是名詞，意思是“鐘”。很有意思的是，lock前加個(gè)c，“鎖”便變成了“鐘”。請用下面的“順口溜”辨別它們的含義：
請看例句：
At that moment he heard Gill's key turning in the lock of the door. 那時(shí)他聽到吉爾的鑰匙在門鎖里轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的聲音。I like to stay up until midnight or even later on my natural clock. 我很喜歡熬夜, 一直到午夜或者更晚,這是我的生物鐘。
【趁熱打鐵】選lock或clock完成句子。
9) The ______ is old and doesn’t tell the right time now.
10) Don’t foget to ______ all the doors when you leave home.
It began to rain when the climbers reached the top of the mountain. 那些登山者到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，天開始下雨了。
I was going to phone you when I got to Beijing, but I forgot because I was too busy. 我本打算一到北京就給你打電話，但由于我太忙而忘記了。
【趁熱打鐵】選reach, get或arrive并用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)完成句子。
25) Some reports say that she ______ in Paris only three weeks ago.
26) When I ______ to the railway station, the train had gone.
27) Mary didn’t tell me when she ______ London.
28) They ______ at the small island in a small boat.
8. have gone to與have been to的區(qū)別
“have/has gone to+某地”與“have/has been to+某地”極易混淆。“have/has gone to+某地”表示“某人已經(jīng)到某地去了，但尚未回來”；“have/has been to+某地”表示“某人曾經(jīng)到某地去過，已經(jīng)回來了”。我們可以用下面的“歌訣”速記它們的用法區(qū)別：
◎ —I can’t find Jack. Do you know where he is? 我找不到杰克，你知道他在哪兒嗎？
—He has gone to Shanghai. He left here yesterday. He will come back in a week. 他到上海去了。他是昨天離開這兒的，將在一個(gè)星期后回來。
◎ —Have you ever been to England? 你去過英國嗎？
—Yes, I have. I went there three years ago. 去過，三年前去的。
【趁熱打鐵】A) 選have/has gone to或have/has been to完成句子。
29) He ______ Shanghai several times since 1998.
30) They are not here. They ______ Australia.
31) She ______ Canada and will stay there for two months.
32) We ______ the Science Museum only once.
B) 選have been, has been, have gone或has gone完成對話。
33. —Where is Wang Tao?
34. —Where are Li Ming and Wu dong?
35. —Do you know where Kate is?
—Yes. She ________ to the cinema with her friends.
36. —Have you ever been to the Mount Lu before?
37. —Is Mr. Wang at home?
38. —I haven’t seen your parents recently.
39. —Does your elder brother know Changsha very well?
40. —May I speak to the manager?
41. —Mary likes that restaurant very much, doesn’t she?
42. —Have you ever been to Shanghai before?
9. do with與deal with用法辨異
do with和deal with都可以表示“對付、處理”，但do with與what連用，而deal with則與how連用。請用下面“順口溜”辨別它們的用法：
What did you do with the money? 你是怎么處理那筆錢的？
How did you deal with the letter? 你是怎么處理那封信的？
【趁熱打鐵】A) 選do with或deal with完成句子。
43) How shall we ______ these new challenges?
44) What can we ______ all of the information?
45) They will discuss how to ______ these characters.
46) You should decide what to ______ the money.
B) 根據(jù)每題漢語意思，填詞完成英語句子。
47) 他們詢問我們怎樣和顧客打交道。
48) 那就是他們?nèi)绾翁幹媚切┳冑|(zhì)牛奶的。
49) 他們馬上知道了怎樣處理那條信息。
50) 他們教他怎樣處理那些問題。
10. spend, take與cost表示“花費(fèi)”
雖然spend, take和cost都可以表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法卻不相同。spend表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)，要用“人”作“主語”；take和cost表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)，“人”通常是take或cost的“賓語”。我們可以用下面的“順口溜”速記它們的用法區(qū)別：
請比較例句：
John spent eighty dollars on the dictionary. 約翰買那本詞典花了八十美元。
I spent an hour (in) working out this problem. 我花了一個(gè)小時(shí)才算出這道難題。
He spent years in the forest, but he didn’t find the plant. 他在森林里度過了好多年，但是他還是沒有找到那種植物。
It takes me about two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天大約要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)來完成家庭作業(yè)。
It took him two hours to get there by train. 坐火車到那里花了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。
The house cost them a large sum of money. 這座房子花去他們一大筆錢。
They told me it would be cheap, but in fact it cost me nearly 500 yuan. 他們說它會很便宜，但實(shí)際上它卻花了我將近500元錢。
【溫馨提示】
1.并非每個(gè)take或cost后都必須接“人”作賓語，在無需提到賓語時(shí)，take后可用“時(shí)間、毅力”等作賓語，cost后可用“金錢”作賓語。請看例句：
It takes at least two hours go there by bus. 坐公共汽車去那兒至少要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
It takes time and perseverance to master the skills. 要精通這些技巧，需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間和毅力。
How much does it cost to send this to Shanghai? 把這個(gè)東西寄到上海要花多少錢？
It will cost you a lot of money to buy a house in this part of the city. 在本市的這個(gè)地段買房子將要花費(fèi)你一大筆錢。
2.cost還可以表示“以（犧牲）……為代價(jià)”，結(jié)構(gòu)式cost sb. their life/job/ career。請看例句：
It cost him his life to drive after drinking. 酒后駕車讓他付出了生命的代價(jià)。
The man’s rude behavior cost him his job. 這個(gè)人的粗魯行為讓他付出了失去工作的代價(jià)。
Her marriage cost her career. 她的婚姻使她放棄了職業(yè)。
【趁熱打鐵】A) 選spend, take或cost并用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)完成句子。
51) She ______ thousands of dollars on advertising that did not work.
52) It ______ me a second to recognize him when I saw him.
53) It ______ her ten thousand dollars to buy the dress.
54) They ______ one year together in the United States.
55) It ______ my father about 35 minutes to get to the office every morning.
56) That suit hanging over there ______ me a lot of money.
B) 根據(jù)每題漢語意思，填詞完成英語句子。
57) 這錯(cuò)誤使公司損失了一百萬英鎊。
The error ________ the company one million pounds.
58) 我去購物，把我所帶的錢都買了衣服。
59) 他們每天花半小時(shí)進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
60) 我們花了長達(dá)六年時(shí)間才學(xué)會英語。
61) 修建那座大橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。
62) 修理這臺收音機(jī)將要花費(fèi)你20美元。
It will ________ you twenty dollars to get the radio repaired.
63) 你知道這個(gè)月我們花了多少錢嗎？
64) 他費(fèi)了很長時(shí)間才到達(dá)山頂。
65) 他們花了很多錢為他們的新產(chǎn)品做廣告。
66). 取得一個(gè)駕駛執(zhí)照需要多少錢?
How much does it ________ to get a driving license.
17. such與so的用法區(qū)別
such和so都可以表示“如此、那樣”，然而，它們后面“冠詞、形容詞和名詞”的詞序不同，很容易混淆。我們可以用下面的“歌訣”速記它們的詞序及用法：
一、“such先‘冠’后‘形’”的意思是：such后的詞序是“冠詞+形容詞+名詞”。請看例句：
It was such a lovely day that all my friends went for a picnic that day. 那天天氣是那么好，我所有的朋友都出去野餐了。
After all, it was not normal or healthy to have such a narrow interest. 畢竟，僅有這樣一個(gè)狹窄的興趣是不正?；蚴遣唤】档摹?/font>
二、“so先‘形’后‘冠’”的意思是：so后的詞序是“形容詞+冠詞+名詞”。請看例句：
It was so hot lovely a day that all my friends went swimming that day. 那天天氣是那么熱，我所有的朋友都去游泳了。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us. 我們從來都沒有看到過這樣光明的前途。
三、“無‘冠’便用such”的意思是：如果后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)或是不可數(shù)名詞，則只能與such連用，不能用so。請看例句：
What fun it is to go hiking in such warm spring days! 在這么溫暖的春天里去遠(yuǎn)足該多有意思?。。?/font>days屬復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能與不定冠詞a或an連用，因此只能用such，不能用so。）
I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather. 天氣這么糟糕，我不知他是否會來。（whether屬不可數(shù)名詞，不能與不定冠詞a或an連用，因此只能用such，不能用so。）
四、“有‘冠’可以轉(zhuǎn)換”的意思是：“such+冠詞+形容詞+名詞”可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“so+形容詞+冠詞+名詞”的形式。例如：
She is such a good teacher that we all like her. 她是那么好的老師，我們大家都喜歡她。（可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：She is so good a teacher that we all like her.）
I have never met such a kind person before. 我以前從未遇到過心腸如此之好的人。（可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：I have never met so kind a person before.）
【溫馨提示】如果形容詞是表示“多、少”的much, many, little, few，則只能與so連用。注意：little表示“小的”時(shí)，依然與such連用。請看例句：
It is silly of you to spend so much money on cigarettes. 你把這么多的錢花在香煙上真是太蠢了。
With so many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。
Don’t spend so much time playing computer games. 不要把那么多時(shí)間都花在玩電腦游戲上。
Can such little animals eat up so much food? 這么小的動(dòng)物能吃掉這么多的食物嗎？
It is impossible for so few workers to do so much work in a single day. 讓這么少的工人在一天中完成那么多工作是不可能的。
32. 巧記基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的特殊變化
英語基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，絕大部分是在基數(shù)詞的詞尾加th，表示“整十”的20～90的基數(shù)詞則是變y為ie后再加th。例如：
four—fourth
hundred—hundredth
twenty—twentieth
fifty—fiftieth
eighty—eightieth
然而，five, eight, nine, twelve等基數(shù)詞在變成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，要對原詞型做些變化后才能再加th。另外，one, two, three序數(shù)詞變化形式更為特殊。我們可以運(yùn)用下面的“歌訣”速記這些基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的變化形式：
即：nine—ninth； eight—eighth
記住這些特殊變化后，其它基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)律就很容易記住了：在詞尾直接加th。
【溫馨提示】序數(shù)詞有相應(yīng)的縮略形式。例如：
fourth—4th
first—1st
thirty-first—31st
【趁熱打鐵】A) 寫出下列各基數(shù)詞的序數(shù)詞：
107）eight ________
108）sixty ________
109）ninety-nine ________
110）three thousand and five ________
B) 寫出下列各縮略詞的完整形式：
111）105th ________
112）43rd ________
113）74th ________
114）11th ________
51. little, a little, few與a few的用法
從詞義到用法，little和a little，few和a few這兩組詞都是比較容易混淆的。a little和a few都表示“肯定”意義，即表示“有一點(diǎn)兒……”和“有一些……”，而沒有a的little和few都表示“否定”意義，即“幾乎沒有……”；few和a few后接的都是可數(shù)名詞，而little和a little后接的都是不可數(shù)名詞。我們可以運(yùn)用下面的“歌訣”辨別它們的用法：
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有點(diǎn)水。（a little表示“肯定”意義，后面接的是不可數(shù)名詞。）
There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里幾乎沒有水了。（little表示“否定”意義，后面接的是不可數(shù)名詞。）
They have a few good friends. 他們有幾個(gè)好朋友。（a few表示“肯定”意義，后面接的是可數(shù)名詞。）
They have few good friends. 他們幾乎沒有好朋友。（few表示“否定”意義，后面接的是可數(shù)名詞。）
【趁熱打鐵】選little, a little, few或a few完成句子。
167) I held a dinner party for ______ close workmates.
168) The young lady drinks ______, and eats less.
169) He does business with a lot of people, but he has ______ real friends.
170) Let me tell you ______ history of my hometown.
171) Tom made ______ progress in his studies so his parents were very angry.
172) How about adding ______ sugar to your milk to make it sweeter?
173) Too much rain results in poor plants and ______ vegetables.
174) He is as busy as a bee, so he spends ______ time watching TV.
175) The fact is that everyone needs ______ help now and then.
176) Your composition is good except for ______ spelling mistakes.
