1 詞語釋義
引用別人的話有兩種方式，一種是講述別人的原話，并把它放在引號(hào)里，這叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述別人，并且不能用引號(hào)，這就是間接引語。直接引語和間接引語之間可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
2 直接引語間接引語的區(qū)別
直接引語：直接引述別人的話（句子中有“”）。
間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫“間接引語”（句子中一般無“”）
二．直接引語變間接引語
A.一般不表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為一個(gè)賓語從句
1.連詞
若直接引語引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是陳述句，那么改為間接時(shí)，要用連詞 that (可以省略)
……………….一般疑問句，…….，要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)
……………….特殊疑問句，…….，要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問詞本身（不可省）
2.變化
（1）主句動(dòng)詞的變化
一般說來，主句謂語動(dòng)詞常為said或said to，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，said不變。當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句時(shí)，則要把said或said to變?yōu)閍sked / asked sb.
（2）從句人稱的變化
由直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的主語人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。①直接引語的主語是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要和主句的主語保持一致。②如果直接引語的主語是第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要與主句的賓語保持一致。③如果直接引語的主語是第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。例如：
①They said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
（3）、從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化
a. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則應(yīng)是與主句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)；②一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)；③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)；⑤過去完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)（不變）；⑥一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)。例如：
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如：
He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引語如果是客觀事實(shí)或真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
（4）、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，指示代詞的變化為this→that， these→those等；時(shí)間狀語的變化為now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；地點(diǎn)狀語的變化為here→there；動(dòng)詞的變化為come→go（go 不要變come）。例如：
1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
B.表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示要求時(shí)用tell sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)用ask sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示強(qiáng)制要求時(shí)用order sb (not) to do sth
3 擴(kuò)展
1、直接引語如果表示客觀真理，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
2、直接引語若有明確的表示時(shí)間的詞語，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
3、若直接引語中含有could,must,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
4、直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。
5、用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。
